Neuro-fuzzy modelling in mining geochemistry: Identification of geochemical anomalies

Local and mine scale exploration models for anomaly recognition within known ore fields are discussed. Traditional geochemical exploration methods are based on multivariate statistical analysis, metallometry, vertical geochemical zonality and criteria of natural field geochemical associations, which suffer several shortcomings, including lack of a geostatistical generalised approach for separating anomalies from background. These shortcomings make the interpretation process time consuming and costly. Fuzzy set theory, fuzzy logic and neural network techniques seem very well suited for typical mining geochemistry applications. The results, obtained from applying the proposed technique to a real scenario, reveals significant improvements, comparing the results obtained from applying multivariate statistical analysis. Computationally, the introduced technique makes possible, without exploration drilling, the distinction between blind mineralisation and zone of dispersed ore mineralisation. The methodology developed in this research study has been verified by testing it on various real-world mining geochemical projects.     

常规测井方法识别碳酸盐岩储层裂缝

对于碳酸盐岩储层,裂缝是非常常见并且十分重要的一类储集空间类型。因此,裂缝的识别显得特别重要。利用低成本的常规测井方法识别裂缝是提高碳酸盐岩油田开发能力的重要途径。以新疆某油田为例,通过岩心观察及成像资料与常规测井曲线对比,总结出了几种常规测井在裂缝发育层段的响应特征,并选取典型井段进行实际运用,识别效果良好,证明用常规测井方法来识别裂缝是经济可行的。     

微粒单质的微化鉴别

单质有天然的,也有人造的。有的价格平平,也有十分昂贵的。作为商品,有真的,也有膺品。因此,鉴别其真伪是交易的前提。目前,最好的鉴别方法,应首推微化。本文以表格的形式,扼要的介绍了金、银、铂等十几种单质的物理化学性质及其鉴定与区别。     

Spectroscopic observations of PU vulpeculae and its binary nature

The peculiar nova-like star PU Vul was observed spectroscopically from 1981 Sept 12 to 1983 Dec 11 at Yunnan Observatory and Beijing Observatory. In 1981 Sept, the star showed an absorption spectrum of the Balmer lines, the H,K and D lines, and some FeII, SrII and TiII lines. H was seen in emission in 1982 Oct and Hβ, in 1983 Sept. Both emissions were enhanced in 1983 Oct. and then dimmed since 1983 Nov. On 1983 Dec 11, Hβ might be absent, but the H was still visible. The spectral type was similar to that of an F giant during this period. This object may be an exceptionally slow nova and a binary consisting of an M giant and a hot companion.     

人工神经网络法在烃源岩测井评价中的应用

运用有机地球化学方法分析岩芯、岩屑样品的有机炭含量存在着昂贵、时且不准确等问题。利用测井方法的优点是经济、准确。在测井评价中使用人工神经网络法具有极大的优越性和适用性。本文结合Kohonen和BP网络方法，完成了塔里木台盆区19口井的寒武、奥陶系烃源岩层段的识别与评价，并通过测井资料处理成果和岩芯有机地化资料、地质录井情况的相互检验，证实，其本上能够满足评价烃源岩的需要，从而为利用测井资料进行烃源岩评价做出了新的尝试。     

天然、优化、处理翡翠玉件常规仪器鉴别(一)

多年系统研究和大量样品检测证明：正确鉴别天然(A)、优化(B)翡翠玉件，比重、荧光是指示，结构是基础，识别充填物是关键，拉曼、红外作验证，综合分析下结论。而在常规仪器检测过程中，特别抓住结构(基础)、充填物(关键)，即：用岩矿显微镜细致观察翡翠玉件结构，辅以针探和微区组分鉴别法区分各种充填物，结合比重、荧光检测结果，可以准确、快捷、经济地鉴别翡翠玉件A货、B货，而不需使用红外、拉曼。借助色源类型鉴别可正确鉴别处理翡翠玉件(C货)。     

Sur l'assimilation variationnelle de données par un modèle d'écosystème marin de type NPZ

A variational data assimilation method is applied to a simplified marine ecosystem model of NPZ (Nutrient Phytoplankton Zooplankton) type, which implies five parameters. The method allows us to optimise these parameters by an iterative process of minimisation of a cost function which quantifies the quadratic discrepancy between observations and simulation results. The first part of this note describes how to obtain the adjoint model of the NPZ model allowing us to compute the gradient of the cost function relative to the parameters. Two experiments of artificial data assimilation then show the efficiency of this method, but also its limitations because of non-linearities and sensitivity problems of the model relative to the parameters. To cite this article: Y. Leredde et al., C. R. Geoscience 337 (2005).     

风干含水量W65用作膨胀土判别分类指标的可行性研究

本文针对膨胀土的判别分类指标存在的一些问题,提出一种新指标--风干含水量W65.文中详细研究了它的测试方法,它与膨胀土的物理化学活性,物性指标及自由膨胀率ef等的关系。结果表明,W65能很好反映膨胀土的矿物组成或物理化学活性特征,而ef或WL则更能反映土的粒度组成或分散性特征。最后,在继承ef的判别分类成果基础上,考虑到塑性图的优点,建议采用W65-WL判别分类图。该图能区分膨胀土与典型红粘土,较单一指标判分膨胀土更合理适用。     

基于多源数据和船舶停留轨迹语义建模的港口目标识别

港口目标识别是海事船舶监管的重中之重,船舶自动识别系统（Automatic Identification System,AIS）所获取的船舶活动信息,可为港口目标识别提供高时相和高精度的船舶航行数据。为了探究AIS数据在港口目标识别中的应用,提出一种基于多源数据和船舶停留轨迹语义建模的港口目标识别方法。通过数据挖掘和语义信息增强构建船舶停留轨迹语义模型,识别船舶港口停留轨迹;建立基于随机森林的船舶停留方式分类模型,分类船舶泊位停留轨迹和船舶锚地停留轨迹,并利用空间逐级合并方法提取港口泊位和港口锚地;综合船舶泊位停留轨迹、道路、海岸线、水深、土地利用与土地覆盖等数据,顾及情景-领域知识实现港口目标识别。基于2017年96 790艘船舶的超8300万条AIS轨迹记录,应用本文方法识别南海研究区的港口目标。实验结果表明,本文方法对于船舶轨迹停留行为总体分类精度为0.9477, Kappa系数为0.8948。提取出南海研究区447个港口区域,与Google Earth影像叠加验证结果表明,提取结果均位于真实的港口影像内,相较于Natural Earth数据集中包含的南海区域24个港口点位,提取结果的完整性大大增强。因此,基于多源数据和船舶停留语义建模的港口目标识别方法对于港口目标识别具有较高的准确性和完整性。此外,该方法提取的港口区域可为基于遥感影像的港口目标识别提供靶区,从而提高大区域甚至全球范围内港口目标动态识别的效率。     

海水工厂化养殖大菱鲆(Scophthalmus maximus)和褐牙鲆(Paralichthys olivaceus)腹水病病原菌的分离与鉴定

从患腹水病大菱鲆和褐牙鲆成鱼体内分离到两株致病作用强的病原菌FS1和FS2,经人工感染实验表明菌株FS1和菌株FS2为腹水症的致病菌。采用常规的生理生化鉴定方法及梅里埃全自动微生物分析系统(VITEK32),结合分子生物学方法进行病原菌的鉴定。结果表明,菌株FS1和菌株FS2分别为迟缓爱德华氏菌(Edwardsiellatarda)和溶藻弧菌(Vibrioalginolyticus)。菌株FS116SrRNA基因序列与迟缓爱德华氏菌的同源性达99%;菌株FS2的16SrRNA基因序列与溶藻弧菌、哈维氏弧菌、副溶血弧菌等的同源性均达99%。为最终确定菌株FS2的分类地位,测定了其HSP60基因序列,进行网上同源性比对。分析结果表明,菌株FS2与溶藻弧菌的同源性达99%,而与其他弧菌HSP60基因的同源性均低于91%。这两种致病菌混合感染或分别感染均可造成养殖鲆鱼腹水病。