Influence of coexisting substances on the photodegradation behaviors of 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2) in the UV/H2O2 process

The batch photodegradation reactor was used to investigate the influence of the common coexisting substances in wastewater,such as H +,anions(HCO3-,C1-and NO3-)and organic compounds(methanol and bisphenol A),on the photodegradation behaviors of EE2 in the UV/H2O2 process.The results indicated that the addition of coexisting substances can influence the photodegradation behaviors of EE2 and it also follows the first-order kinetics.The acidic(pH 2-4)and alkaline(pH 10-12)medium benefit the photodegradation of EE2,but the photodegradation rale constant of EE2 keeps almost constant in the pH value of 4-10.The addition of anions,such as HCO3-,Cl-and NO3-,can inhibit the photodegradation of EE2,and the rate constant has a negative linear relationship with the concentration of the anions.However,the reduction degrees vary with the anions kinds,and the inhibition effect of the three anions is in the order of HCO3-＞ NO3-＞ C1-.Addition of 5 mg/L methanol and bisphenol A can reduce the photodegradation rate constant of EE2by 84.31％ and 72％,respectively.By comparison,the retardant effect of methanol is much more evident.In the studied concentrations range,the photodegradation rate constant of EE2 is the unary quadratic function of the organic compounds concentrations.     

松花江水内分泌干扰物及雌激素活性调查

为明确松花江水体中内分泌干扰物的污染状况,利用固相萃取富集-气质联机/重组基因酵母对松花江全江11个典型断面进行全面采样分析.结果表明：江水中∑5ES质量浓度在6.59～30.97 ng/L,平均值为17.23 ng/L,出现最大质量浓度的位置是达连河排污口,雌酮（E1）和雌二醇（E2）是其中贡献最大雌激素,其质量浓度...     

用乳酸细菌从有机废弃物生产乳酸

探讨了有机废物乳酸发酵的影响因素,包括菌种、营养物质、产物抑制、氧气和发酵方式,概述了利用含碳水化合物的有机废弃物和厨房垃圾生产乳酸的现状,并对未来的研究方向提出了展望。指出在厌氧条件下应用同型发酵乳酸细菌,采用原位产物分离技术和细胞再循环发酵通常会提高乳酸的产量;采取多菌种的联合发酵并优化提取工艺,将有助于实现有机废物工业化生产乳酸。     

大庆地区水环境承载力计算分析与评价

为探索科学、合理、可持续开发和保护水资源的有效途径,实现水资源有效、安全利用,对大庆地区水环境承载力进行分析与评价.针对大庆地区水环境现状建立合适的水环境评价指标体系,应用各评价指标承载度模型计算得出各评价指标承载度,各评价指标承载度通过水环境承载力模型进行综合计算,得出大庆地区水环境承载力.分析大庆地区水环境承载力现状以及动态变化趋势,找出影响大庆地区水环境承载力的主要因素.结果表明,大庆地区水环境承载力较低并呈现逐年降低的趋势,主要是水资源短缺、水资源利用率过大造成的.     

生物除磷系统不同阶段性能及微生物群落分析

为探讨工艺运行与微生物群落的关系,在厌氧/好氧SBR反应器中考察生物除磷系统的启动期、稳定期和恶化期的性能,并利用聚合酶链式反应-变性梯度凝胶电泳(PCR-DGGE)技术研究该系统各阶段功能微生物群落结构特征.启动期历时26d,包括适应期和上升期两个阶段,磷的去除率从40%以下提高到80%,之后进入稳定期,磷去除率维持在80%以上.稳定期的功能微生物为Tetrasphaera elongate,Gemmatimonas aurantiaca和Uncultured γ-proteobacterium.稳定运行80d后进入恶化期,磷去除率降到70%以下.恶化期和稳定期的微生物群落结构差别很大,功能微生物Uncultured γ-proteobacterium被淘汰,竞争菌Candidatus Competibacter phosphatis clone SBRQ22显著增加.     

Comparative study on combined preoxidation by potassium permanganate composites with chlorine and preozonation for enhancing coagulation

Comparative pilot tests were conducted to investigate the coagulation-aid effects of the combined preoxidation by potassium permanganate composites (PPC) with chlorine and preozonation. And the synergistic mechanism of combined preoxidation was discussed. Results showed that 1.0 mg/L PPC with 2.0 mg/L chlorine could further improve the quality of treated water, as indicated by residual turbidity, TOC and algae. The enhanced efficiency could be explained by the synergistic effect of the preoxidants themselves, or the effect of chlorine and the intermediate such as hydrous manganese dioxide, which was generated by potassium permanganate, the main ingredient of PPC.     

单宁影响制革废水可生化性的研究

本文采用瓦勃氏(Warburg)呼吸仪对单宁及制革废水的可生化性进行了研究。试验结果表明,单宁对微生物的生物氧化过程有强烈的抑制作用,并对制革废水的可生化性有显著的影响。随着制革废水中单宁含量(Tan/COD)增加,微生物的适应期增长,耗氧量减少。微生物经驯化后可提高对制革废水的分解速度。     

水解/酸化/好氧工艺处理染料生产废水

为了考察水解/酸化/好氧工艺处理还原性染料生产废水的可行性,采用配水进行了连续流试验研究。结果表明,当染料生产废水的COD<1 500mg/L时,在水解反应器、酸化反应器和曝气池的水力停留时间分别为2. 5、3. 0和6. 0h的条件下,出水水质可达GB8978—1996的二级排放标准。水解、酸化提高了染料生产废水的可生化性,加速了后续好氧处理的进程。氨氮的变化规律表明,染料废水中的大分子杂环化合物在水解阶段发生了加氨作用,在酸化阶段则发生了脱氨开环作用。     

污泥膨胀对SMBR系统脱氮性能影响的试验研究

以一体式膜生物反应器（SMBR）处理模拟污水，考察了污泥膨胀对SMBR脱氮性能的影响。结果表明，在SMBR运行中，污泥膨胀期对TN和NH3-N的去除效果明显优于对照试验期，丝状菌对氮的竞争能力较强，对污水中营养物质的利用速率较高，污泥膨胀期SMBR的出水水质较好；在污泥膨胀期，随着运行时间的延长，由于丝状菌的反硝化能力较差，导致出水中出现NO2^-N的少量积累；丝状菌带来的负面影响即膜污染问题较为严重，在实际的工程中应采取有效措施控制污泥膨胀。     

水合MnO_2强化FeCl_3共沉降去除水中微量Cd(Ⅱ)

采用烧杯混凝实验,分别以实验室配水和松花江水为本底,研究了水合二氧化锰强化三氯化铁共沉降去除水中微量镉的效能。详细探讨了影响水合二氧化锰强化三氯化铁共沉降去除水中微量镉的主要因素。结果表明:两种水质条件下,水合二氧化锰均可强化FeCl3混凝去除水中的微量镉,镉的去除率明显高于单纯FeCl3混凝。水体pH值、浊度、腐殖酸等水质参数对于水合二氧化锰强化三氯化铁共沉降去除水中微量镉的效能有不同程度的影响。其中水体pH值对水合二氧化锰强化三氯化铁共沉降去除水中微量镉的影响十分显著,Cd(Ⅱ)的去除效果随着水体pH增加显著升高。