高稳定性电弧等离子体超声速喷管流动装置

笔者在已研制的壁稳电弧等离子体发生器基础上，改进了阳极结构、加置Laval喷管，建立了一套可长期连续运行的高稳定性电弧等离子体超声速喷管流动装置，超声速电弧射流的不稳定度为1％(纯氩)和3％(氮氩)，电弧射流具有很好的稳定性、再现性和对称性。测量表明：超声速电弧射流的电子温度沿流动方向呈现出波浪形周期升降的变化规律。     

Relationship Between Substorm Auroras and Processes in the Near-Earth Magnetotail

Although the auroral substorm has been long regarded as a manifestation of the magnetospheric substorm, a direct relation of active auroras to certain magnetospheric processes is still debatable. To investigate the relationship, we combine the data of the UV imager onboard the Polar satellite with plasma and magnetic field measurements by the Geotail spacecraft. The poleward edge of the auroral bulge, as determined from the images obtained at the LHBL passband, is found to be conjugated with the region where the oppositely directed fast plasma flows observed in the near-Earth plasma sheet during substorms are generated. We conclude that the auroras forming the bulge are due to the near-Earth reconnection process. This implies that the magnetic flux through the auroral bulge is equal to the flux dissipated in the magnetotail during the substorm. Comparison of the magnetic flux through the auroral bulge with the magnetic flux accumulated in the tail lobe during the growth phase shows that these parameters have the comparable values. This is a clear evidence of the loading–unloading scheme of substorm development. It is shown that the area of the auroral bulge developing during substorm is proportional to the total (magnetic plus plasma) pressure decrease in the magnetotail. These findings stress the importance of auroral bulge observations for monitoring of substorm intensity in terms of the magnetic flux and energy dissipation.     

Type II Solar Radio Bursts: Theory and Space Weather Implications

Recent data and theory for type II solar radio bursts are reviewed, focusing on a recent analytic quantitative theory for interplanetary type II bursts. The theory addresses electron reflection and acceleration at the type II shock, formation of electron beams in the foreshock, and generation of Langmuir waves and the type II radiation there. The theory's predictions as functions of the shock and plasma parameters are summarized and discussed in terms of space weather events. The theory is consistent with available data, has explanations for radio-loud/quiet coronal mass ejections (CMEs) and why type IIs are bursty, and can account for empirical correlations between type IIs, CMEs, and interplanetary disturbances. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

The Plasma Environment of Comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko Throughout the Rosetta Main Mission

The plasma environment of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko, the Rosetta mission target comet, is explored over a range of heliocentric distances throughout the mission: 3.25 AU (Rosetta instruments on), 2.7 AU (Lander down), 2.0 AU, and 1.3 AU (perihelion). Because of the large range of gas production rates, we have used both a fluid-based magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) model as well as a semi-kinetic hybrid particle model to study the plasma distribution. We describe the variation in plasma environs over the mission as well as the differences between the two modeling approaches under different conditions. In addition, we present results from a field aligned, two-stream transport electron model of the suprathermal electron flux when the comet is near perihelion.     

稳态等离子体推进器羽流场数值模拟

采用二维轴对称模型,使用粒子网格法(PIC)和直接模拟蒙特卡洛法(DSMC)相结合的方法,对稳态等离子体推进器(SPT)羽流场进行了数值模拟.采用DSMC方法中的随机取样频率法(RSF)求解粒子碰撞过程,并对比了不同的分配电荷方式、电子运动模型及SPT出口条件时的羽流场.将不同条件计算得到的羽流场中距SPT出口0.1?m,0.5?m及1.0?m处的离子电流密度和电荷密度与实验结果进行了对比,得出在采用面积权重法分配电荷、等熵模型描述电子运动和用实验值设定发动机出口参数时对SPT羽流场数值模拟的电流密度和轴向附近的电荷密度结果与实验结果符合程度较好的结论.     

飞翼布局飞行器等离子体激励滚转操控试验

飞翼布局飞行器采用多个气动舵面共同作用来控制飞行,常规气动舵面的结构复杂,在大迎角时由于流动分离,舵面操纵效率显著降低。等离子体激励器具有结构简单、重量轻和响应快等优势,常被用在流动控制上。本文利用激励器抑制单侧翼面流动分离产生不对称的气动力,对飞翼布局飞行器滚转通道的控制进行了试验研究,得出了激励器在飞行器上的最优布置位置和最佳控制参数,并和常规副翼舵面滚转操控效果进行了对比。结果表明:布置于内翼、中翼前缘的等离子体激励器能够获得最佳的滚转控制效果;激励器调制频率对飞行器滚转控制效果的影响较大,而激励电压对滚转控制效果的影响较小;与常规副翼相比,等离子体激励器在大迎角时对滚转通道的操控效果优于副翼。     

Effect of q-nonextensive hot electrons on bifurcations of nonlinear and supernonlinear ion-acoustic periodic waves

Nonlinear and supernonlinear ion-acoustic periodic waves are investigated in a three-component unmagnetized plasma which consists of mobile fluid cold ions, Maxwellian cold electrons and q-nonextensive hot electrons employing phase plane analysis. Using the traveling wave transformation, the plasma system is reduced to a planar autonomous dynamical system. Utilizing phase plane analysis of planar dynamical systems, all possible phase portraits including nonlinear homoclinic orbit, nonlinear periodic orbit, supernonlinear homoclinic orbit and supernonlinear periodic orbit are presented depending on physical parameters $q,\alpha ,\sigma$ and V. Using numerical simulations, nonlinear and supernonlinear ion-acoustic periodic waves are shown for different conditions. It is found that the nonextensive parameter q plays a crucial role in the bifurcations of nonlinear and supernonlinear ion-acoustic periodic waves. Our study may be applicable to understand the nonlinear and supernonlinear periodic features in auroral plasma.     

面向深空探测的电磁帆推进技术研究进展

电磁帆是一类利用太阳风驱动的无工质或少工质新型推进技术,在需要推力器长时间工作的深空探测任务中具有非常广阔的应用前景。首先介绍了电磁帆的基本概念和主要分类,其次分别介绍了电帆、纯磁帆和磁等离子体帆三类推进方式的系统组成和工作原理,重点介绍了各自的研究现状,并梳理出了相关关键技术,同时介绍了等离子体磁罩技术。最后对电磁帆推进技术研究进展进行了总结,为国内开展此方面研究提供了研究方向和发展思路。     

钨表面双辉等离子渗镍组织及机理

采用双辉等离子渗金属技术在钨表面进行渗镍实验,并采用XRD,SEM,EDX等分析手段对渗镍试样的微观组织进行了表征。结果表明,镍改性层与基体结合良好,无明显缺陷。改性层与基体表面之间存在明显的扩散层,扩散层中存在少量NiW和Ni4W中间相。利用划痕法研究了渗镍层与基体间的结合强度。结果表明:持续加载100 N未发生改性层剥落现象。对钨表面双辉等离子渗镍改性层的形成机制进行了探讨。     

天线窗材料热透波特性风洞测试方法

高超声速飞行器天线窗材料在等离子体包覆条件下的热响应和热透波特性测试,是分析天线窗材料特性、研究电磁波在等离子体和天线窗中传输特性的基础。针对等离子体和天线窗中电磁波传输特性,采用矢量网络分析仪和标准增益天线组成的电磁波传输测试系统,获得了一定频率的电磁波经过等离子体和高温天线窗之后的衰减;针对高温天线窗自身热响应特性和电磁波在其中的传输特性,研究了天线窗材料在一定热流作用下的温度分布和烧蚀特性,测试了烧蚀后处于高温状态且无等离子体覆盖的天线窗对电磁波的影响,分析了天线窗高温透波特性与常温透波特性的差异。所建立的方法,为在地面等离子体风洞中开展天线窗热透波特性研究、分析天线窗和等离子体耦合作用对电磁波传输特性的影响建立了基础。