Process Modeling for Precision Forming of Discrete Parts – State of the Technology and Critical Issues

This paper presents an overview on the application of FE simulation as a virtual manufacturing tool in designing manufacturing processes for precision parts. The processes discussed include forging, sheet metal forming and hydroforming. Determination of reliable input parameters to simulate a process is a key element in successful application of process simulation for process design in all the mentioned areas. These issues are discussed in detail. Practical examples of application of FE simulation are presented for improvement of the existing metal forming process and/or designing new metal forming process for manufacturing discrete precision parts in forging, sheet metal forming and hydroforming.     

法向应力对板料成形极限影响的研究进展

在板料成形过程中应力状态对板料(板材和管材)的成形极限有很大影响,通过对板料施加法向应力可以提高板料的成形极限。文章综述并分析了法向应力对板料成形极限影响的理论模型、有限元模型以及实验研究方面的进展。理论模型方面的主要进展,是根据经典塑性失稳理论和M-K理论,建立了考虑法向应力影响的成形极限理论模型,可以准确地预测法向应力对板料成形极限的影响;有限元分析的主要进展,是在韧性断裂准则的基础上,利用体单元建立了考虑法向应力影响的数值模型;有关实验研究方面只是初步的探索,还有待进行深入的研究;对影响法向应力提高板料成形极限的因素进行了总结分析。     

非对称管件内高压成形过程研究

为了改善两端不对称形状管件内高压成形后的壁厚均匀性,提高管件内高压成形极限,采用Dynaform有限元模拟软件并结合实验,研究了补料压力、轴向补料量对管件成形过程中起皱和破裂的影响.结果表明:当补料压力低于32 MPa时,失效形式为死皱;当补料压力高于42 MPa时,失效形式为破裂,适宜的补料压力区间为34~42 MPa;当左右补料量分别为42和22 mm,整形压力126 MPa时,可得到合格非对称瓶形管件,管件最大膨胀量为70.75%,壁厚最大减薄率为27.12%。通过控制管材在内压和轴向力的作用下发生合理的预成形,包括管材两端的合理补料量以及合理的起皱形状和数量,可在最终的内高压成形中实现更好的壁厚均匀性,提高成形极限。     

某型号汽车波纹管液压胀形工艺参数优化研究

目的 探究波纹管液压胀形成形技术及液压成形过程,优化波纹管成形效果和减薄率.方法 基于正交试验方案,利用有限元技术对成形过程进行数值模拟分析,研究成形内压、轴向进给路径以及保压力对成形效果和减薄率的影响.结果 综合考虑成形高度、减薄率2个指标,得到的较优工艺参数为成形内压为2 MPa,保压力为1.25 MPa,轴向进给路径为在前0.1 s进给5 mm、后0.9 s匀速进给至模具闭合,此时成形高度为12.01 mm,减薄率为9.9％.结论 通过正交试验设计分析,轴向进给路径既是成形高度的显著性影响因素,又是减薄率的显著性影响因素;同时,单独优化一个指标(成形高度、减薄率)时,另一个指标性能会下降,根据正交试验优化结果选取最优参数组合进行模拟验证,得到的试验结果其综合成形质量较高.     

A study on localized expansion defects in tube hydroforming

This study investigated localized expansion in the tube hydroforming process, which may induce cracks in the tube material. First, a model of a trailing arm in the front subframe was built using the finite-element method; it was compared with the actual component to verify the accuracy of the model. Subsequently, a localized expansion model was constructed to analyze the effects of the tube geometry parameters and material-hardening parameters on localized expansion and the fracture location. The simulation results indicated that localized expansion can be ameliorated by changing the material distribution of the tube using a preform or an inner die; these methods substantially reduced the maximum material thinning. However, these methods can only be applied to the local bulging area that occurs when both sides of the tube are constrained. When both sides are not constrained, the material bulges back to the original state, and localized expansion occurs. In this study, both sides of the localized expansion area of the trailing arm in the front subframe were constrained, and the material distribution of the fracture zone could be changed by moving the mandrel to improve the localized expansion-induced fracture characteristics. Experimental results successfully validated the proposed method and analysis.     

Influence of Punch Shape on the Fracture Surface Quality of Hydropiercing Holes

Three different punches are designed for the hydropiercing experiments and finite element simulations are conducted by finite element program ABAQUS-3D to investigate the influence of punch shape on the fracture surface quality of hydropiercing holes. The results show the fracture burrs are not obvious punched by all the three punches. The collapse punched by the round punch is a little larger than the others. The fracture surface quality punched by the round punch is good with larger smooth zone and the interface between smooth zone and tear zone is even with large gradient. The size of the smooth zone is larger and the interface between smooth zone and tear zone is uneven with large gradient punched by the flat punch. The size of the smooth zone is smaller and the size of the tear zone increases from the first fractured to the last fractured punched by the inclined punch.     

铝合金汽车顶盖充液成形的数值模拟

目的研究铝合金汽车顶盖拉延工序的充液成形工艺。方法基于有限元分析软件Dynaform,利用带局部刚性凹模整形的被动式充液成形工艺,通过建立有限元分析模型,优化成形过程中的关键工艺参数,分析变形规律并进行质量控制。结果成形过程中的液室压力加载路径、压边力、拉延筋,以及坯料形状等工艺参数对成形影响较大。液室压力不宜过早加载。液室压力过大或压边力过小不利于顶部产生充分塑性变形。压边力过大极易造成顶盖圆角处的破裂。结论该成形工艺可行,且数值模拟的准确性及适用性较高,采用该成形工艺可得到表面质量良好,未出现起皱、破裂缺陷的合格零件。     

异形截面管不均匀膨胀充液成形数值模拟

目的对低碳钢不均匀膨胀率异形截面弯管零件充液成形工艺参数进行研究。方法利用有限元方法对低碳钢异形截面管零件的充液成形过程进行有限元仿真,对影响圆角破裂的关键工艺参数进行分析及优化。结果液室压力过小,弯管圆角内侧不易贴模;压力过大,圆角内侧会因材料过度减薄而发生破裂。推头轴向进给量合适时,可以在圆角处形成"有益皱纹",防止材料不均匀膨胀发生破裂。结论成形压力在300 MPa,推头的轴向进给量为50 mm时,可以成形出合格零件。     

管内液体压力对液压冲孔的影响

设计加工了管材液压冲孔试验装置,在该装置上开展了液压冲孔工艺试验.试验结果表明:液压冲孔过程中,管内液体压力越大,冲孔结束后塌陷尺寸越小,提高冲孔过程中管内液体压力,能够有效减小冲孔后的塌陷尺寸;冲孔过程中管内液体压力越大,冲孔结束后断口光亮带所占比例越高,断口质量越好;冲孔结束后的塌陷发生在一定区域内,长度对塌陷发展...     

AZ31B管材热态内高压成形性能的测试(英文)

为测试AZ31B挤压管材的内高压成形性能,分别进行管材环向拉伸实验和管材胀形实验,实验温度最高达480°C。通过实验获得管材的环向总延伸率和最大胀形率,同时对胀破后的断口形貌进行分析。结果表明,随着实验温度的变化,环向总延伸率和最大胀形率的变化趋势类似,而和轴向总延伸率的变化趋势差别很大。在160°C左右,环向总延伸率和最大胀形率都达到一个极值,此后两者迅速降低。当达到转变温度后,环向总延伸率和最大胀形率又开始迅速增加。当实验温度超过420°C时,在断口上出现过烧组织。因此,尽管在更高的温度下可以获得更好的成形性能,所测试管材的成形温度还是应低于420°C。