成人腰椎滑脱症手术治疗进展

腰椎滑脱症是临床上的常见病和多发病,主要症状为下腰部疼痛,可有间歇性跛行及神经根性痛等下肢神经症状,越来越多的患者正饱受其困扰。随着医学技术的不断发展,本病的手术治疗也在不断发展和完善,但其临床表现复杂,目前对其治疗方式的选择尚未达成统一的认识,其手术治疗方式的选择仍在争论和探索。本文对近年手术治疗腰椎滑脱症的相关文献资料进行回顾与总结。     

Permanent endovascular balloon occlusion of the vertebral artery as an adjunct to the surgical resection of selected cervical spine tumors: A single center experience

Background and purpose

Complete surgical resection of cervical spine tumors is often challenging when there is tumor encasement of major neck vessels. Pre-operative endovascular sacrifice of the major vessels can facilitate safe tumor resection. The use of transarterial detachable coils has been described in this setting, but it can be time-consuming and costly to occlude a patent parent vessel using this method. Our aim was to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of our endovascular detachable balloon occlusion technique, performed without prior balloon test occlusion in the pre-operative management of these tumors.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed 18 consecutive patients undergoing pre-operative unilateral permanent endovascular balloon occlusion of tumor-encased vertebral arteries in our institution. Procedure-related ischemic or thromboembolic complication was defined as focal neurologic deficit attributable to the endovascular occlusion which occurs before subsequent surgical resection.

Results

Successful pre-operative endovascular vertebral artery sacrifice using detachable balloons was achieved in 100% (n = 18) of cases without prior balloon test occlusion. Procedural complication rate was 5.6% as one patient developed transient focal neurology secondary to a delayed cerebellar infarct at home on day 11 and subsequently made a full recovery. There were no cases of distal balloon migration. Complete macroscopic resection of tumor as reported by the operating surgeon was achieved in 89% of cases.

Conclusion

Pre-operative endovascular sacrifice of the vertebral artery using detachable balloons and without prior balloon test occlusion is a safe procedure with low complication rates and good surgeon reported rates of total resection.     

3D技术打印椎体在全脊椎整块切除术中应用的初步探索

目的初步探索3D技术打印椎体在全脊椎整块切除术(Total en bloc spondylectomy,TES)中应用的可行性。方法选取广东紫金蓝塘土猪3只,T12、L1椎体进行后路全椎体切除术,置入3D打印假体,于T11、L2进行双侧椎弓根螺钉固定。观察术后土猪活动度、脊柱影像、双后腿痛觉和肌力。术后4月时处死,观察实体标本情况。结果手术成功,术后猪双后腿活动、痛觉良好。正侧位X片及CT三维重建,实物脊柱3D打印椎体-脊柱复合体观察,提示假体位置、椎间高度、脊椎序列完好。结论 3D技术打印椎体在临床脊柱全椎体切除术中的应用具有可行性,但需充分做好术前准备,如抗感染、补充血容量、假体型号合适、手术器械齐全等,才能保证手术的顺利完成。     

Paralytic Ileus and Prophylactic Gastrointestinal Motility Medication after Spinal Operation

Purpose

To investigate the prevalence of paralytic ileus after spinal operation in the supine or prone operative position and to determine the efficacy of prophylactic gastrointestinal motility medications in preventing symptomatic paralytic ileus after a spinal operation.

Materials and Methods

All patients received spinal surgery in the supine or prone operative position. The study period was divided into two phases: first, to analyze the prevalence of radiographic and symptomatic paralytic ileus after a spinal operation, and second, to determine the therapeutic effects of prophylactic gastrointestinal motility medications (postoperative intravenous injection of scopolamine butylbromide and metoclopramide hydrochloride) on symptomatic paralytic ileus after a spinal operation.

Results

Basic demographic data were not different. In the first phase of this study, 27 patients (32.9%) with radiographic paralytic ileus and 11 patients (13.4%) with symptomatic paralytic ileus were observed. Radiographic paralytic ileus was more often noted in patients who underwent an operation in the prone position (p=0.044); whereas the occurrence of symptomatic paralytic ileus was not different between the supine and prone positioned patients (p=0.385). In the second phase, prophylactic medications were shown to be ineffective in preventing symptomatic paralytic ileus after spinal surgery [symptomatic paralytic ileus was observed in 11.1% (4/36) with prophylactic medication and 16.7% (5/30) with a placebo, p=0.513].

Conclusion

Spinal surgery in the prone position was shown to increase the likelihood of radiographic paralytic ileus occurrence, but not symptomatic paralytic ileus. Unfortunately, the prophylactic medications to prevent symptomatic paralytic ileus after spine surgery were shown to be ineffective.     

侧卧交叉按压微调法治疗颈性眩晕的临床研究

目的:对侧卧交叉按压微调法与传统推拿方法治疗椎动脉型颈椎病(Cervical Spandylosis of Vertebral Arterytype,CSA)的临床疗效进行观察、比较及评价。方法:选取156名CSA患者,并将其随机分为传统推拿组和按压微调组。将2组治疗前后的临床疗效分别使用通用的临床评定方法和改良《颈性眩晕症状与功能评估量表》法进行评估比较、分析。结果:传统推拿组及按压微调组总有效率(包括痊愈、显效、有效)分别为83.12%和93.67%,痊愈率分别为:15.58%和30.38%,2组总有效率及痊愈率差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);量表评估方法显示:2组治疗方法均可显著改善CSA患者眩晕、颈肩痛、头痛、日常生活及工作、心理及社会适应等症状(P<0.01),而按压微调组较传统推拿组对于改善眩晕、日常生活及工作、心理及社会适应等症状更为显著(P<0.01,P<0.05),对于颈肩痛及头痛症状改善无显著作用(P>0.05)。结论:传统推拿方法及侧卧交叉按压微调法对于改善CSA的各种症状均有显著疗效,且侧卧交叉按压微调法疗效尤为显著。     

The Metastatic Spine Disease Multidisciplinary Working Group Algorithms

The Metastatic Spine Disease Multidisciplinary Working Group consists of medical and radiation oncologists, surgeons, and interventional radiologists from multiple comprehensive cancer centers who have developed evidence- and expert opinion-based algorithms for managing metastatic spine disease. The purpose of these algorithms is to facilitate interdisciplinary referrals by providing physicians with straightforward recommendations regarding the use of available treatment options, including emerging modalities such as stereotactic body radiation therapy and percutaneous tumor ablation. This consensus document details the evidence supporting the Working Group algorithms and includes illustrative cases to demonstrate how the algorithms may be applied.

Implications for Practice:

The Metastatic Spine Disease Multidisciplinary Working Group algorithms can facilitate interdisciplinary referrals by providing physicians with straightforward recommendations regarding available treatment options, including emerging modalities such as stereotactic body radiation therapy and percutaneous tumor ablation.     

脊柱转移瘤术前动脉栓塞研究进展

More than 60% of spinal metastases are hypervascular tumors. Intraoperative bleeding often occurred in the surgery for spinal metastases in the past. Therefore, it is necessary to take some preoperativ...     

罗哌卡因术毕切口浸润在腰椎手术术后镇痛中的应用

目的观察腰椎手术全身麻醉术毕切口浸润罗哌卡因对术后镇痛及镇静的临床疗效。方法选取2013年1月至2014年1月于解放军总医院第一附属医院行腰椎手术患者98例,采用随机数字表法分为两组,各49例。试验组手术结束后用罗哌卡因在切口处逐层浸润,对照组手术结束后用0.9%Na Cl溶液在切口处逐层浸润。记录患者拔管后即刻及术后4、8、12、24 h视觉模拟量表(VAS)评分和Ramsay镇静评分结果,以及患者术后不良反应的发生率。结果试验组和对照组拔管后即刻及术后2、4、8、12 h VAS评分为(1.2±0.6)分,(1.3±0.9)分,(2.3±1.0)分,(3.3±1.3)分,(3.0±1.1)分,(2.6±1.0)分;(2.6±1.0)分,(3.4±1.3)分,(3.8±1.5)分,(4.0±1.4)分,(4.5±1.1)分,(2.8±1.0)分,Ramsay分别为(2.2±0.3)分,(2.3±0.9)分,(2.5±0.7)分,(2.3±0.6)分,(2.2±0.8)分,(2.3±0.7)分;(3.6±0.8)分,(3.3±0.7)分,(3.5±0.6)分,(3.6±1.0)分,(3.5±0.8)分,(3.4±0.9)分。试验组拔管后即刻及术后2、4、8、12 h VAS和Ramsay评分低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。同时两组患者术后不良反应发生率分别为30.6%和44.9%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论腰椎手术术毕用罗哌卡因逐层浸润手术切口可明显降低术后早期VAS评分,镇痛效果明显。     

基于蒙特卡罗数学模型两种脊柱全景X射线成像技术受检者辐射剂量的对比研究

目的 比较两种脊柱全景X射线成像技术对受检者产生的辐射剂量。方法 使用仿真体模进行实验,摸索出该体模在日本岛津Sonialvision safire17设备Slot scan脊柱全景成像的适宜成像条件,然后在GE Discovery XR650型DR系统上对该体模进行不同曝光条件的DR脊柱全景成像,3位有经验的放射科医生对两种成像技术的图像进行评分,选择图像质量评分均值最接近的对应成像参数为实验成像参数。将相关成像参数及X射线机信息输入PCXMC 2.0软件,计算受检者脊柱全景成像的器官吸收剂量和有效剂量。结果 Slot scan脊柱全景成像的适宜成像条件为高质量全景成像模式(HQ模式)、SID 150 cm、100 kVp和2 mAs, DR手动曝光模式脊柱全景成像相当图像质量的成像条件为SID 200 cm、100 kVp和3.2 mAs。Slot scan HQ模式、DR手动曝光模式和DR自动曝光模式脊柱全景成像的有效剂量(E)分别为(0.118 7±0.001 4)、(0.084 7±0.000 8)和(0.158 0±0.001 5) mSv,DR手动曝光模式的有效剂量明显低于其余2种模式(F=3 007.293,P<0.05);除乳腺以外,DR手动曝光模式的器官剂量均低于Slot scan HQ模式的器官剂量(P<0.05);除甲状腺、食管、肺以外,DR自动曝光模式的器官剂量均高于另外两种成像方式的器官剂量(P<0.05)。结论 两种手动全景成像技术的辐射剂量均处于较低水平,合理选择全景成像技术的曝光参数和模式可实现低剂量全景X射线成像。     

活动节段脊柱脊索瘤生物学行为研究进展

脊索瘤是临床少见的原发性低度恶性骨肿瘤,源自残留的胚胎脊索或迷走的脊索组织,好发于中轴骨,具有局部侵袭性、复发率高、预后差,以及对放射治疗和药物化疗不敏感等特点,使其临床治疗存在巨大挑战。位于活动节段的脊柱脊索瘤由于脊柱特有的解剖学特点而具有其独特特点,本文通过回顾近年国内外相关文献,对脊索瘤生物学行为特点进行概述,以期为脊索瘤治疗提供新的思路。