DCT域上人脸光照正则化及识别

现有的光照正则化处理算法,都是在空间域中进行的,为避免海量图像解压缩的时间消耗,在JPEG图像上直接进行光照正则化处理,提高人脸识别效率,在DCT域上,基于三维辐照度方程,把差图像法推广到了DCT域上,并在DCT域上提出了分量图像法。实验表明：差图像法与分量图像法均能在DCT域中有效地削弱光照方向对人脸识别的负面影响。     

基于三分法的IFS非隶属度函数确定方法

针对直觉模糊集(IFS)的非隶属度函数难以确定的问题,提出一种基于三分法的IFS非隶属度函数确定方法.首先,给出了确定IFS非隶属度函数的计算公式和非犹豫度指数的概念,规范了IFS非隶属度函数的确定方法,进而给出了非犹豫度指数的性质定理.其次,提出了基于三分法的IFS非隶属度函数的计算方法,给出了正规直觉模糊集的概念,证明了该方法确定的直觉模糊集是正规直觉模糊集.最后,以空袭目标识别的指标参数(飞行高度)实例,验证了方法的有效性.     

一种基于二叉树的数学公式匹配算法

提出了一种基于二叉树结构的LaTeX格式数学公式匹配算法。首先根据数学公式的LaTeX格式生成其二叉树表示,并对树形结构作归一化处理,然后先序遍历二叉树得到公式元素序列,并对序列中的变量名称作归一化处理。对于待匹配的两个数学公式,根据两个公式元素序列对应位相同的公式元素数计算两个公式的相似度。实验结果表明,该算法实现了数学公式的准确匹配,是一种较实用的算法。     

An Integrated Artificial Neural Network Fuzzy C-Means-Normalization Algorithm for performance assessment of decision-making units: The cases of auto industry and power plant

Efficiency frontier analysis has been an important approach of evaluating firms’ performance in private and public sectors. There have been many efficiency frontier analysis methods reported in the literature. However, the assumptions made for each of these methods are restrictive. Each of these methodologies has its strength as well as major limitations. This study proposes two non-parametric efficiency frontier analysis sub-algorithms based on (1) Artificial Neural Network (ANN) technique and (2) ANN and Fuzzy C-Means for measuring efficiency as a complementary tool for the common techniques of the efficiency studies in the previous studies. Normal probability plot is used to find the outliers and select from these two methods. The proposed computational algorithms are able to find a stochastic frontier based on a set of input–output observational data and do not require explicit assumptions about the functional structure of the stochastic frontier. In these algorithms, for calculating the efficiency scores, a similar approach to econometric methods has been used. Moreover, the effect of the return to scale of decision-making unit (DMU) on its efficiency is included and the unit used for the correction is selected by notice of its scale (under constant return to scale assumption). Also in the second algorithm, for increasing DMUs’ homogeneousness, Fuzzy C-Means method is used to cluster DMUs. Two examples using real data are presented for illustrative purposes. First example which deals with power generation sector shows the superiority of Algorithm 2 while the second example dealing auto industries of various developed countries shows the superiority of Algorithm 1. Overall, we find that the proposed integrated algorithm based on ANN, Fuzzy C-Means and Normalization approach provides more robust results and identifies more efficient units than the conventional methods since better performance patterns are explored.     

藏文识别的预处理

预处理是整个文字识别系统的重要组成部分,预处理性能的优劣将直接影响整个识别系统的性能,根据藏文字在字形和书写方式上的特点,实现了一种适用于藏文识别的预处理技术,整个预处理过程包括二值化、版面分析、倾斜校正、字符切和归一化,在预处理过程中还提取了一此圾关字丁的基本特征,这些特征充分反映了藏文的特点,具有良好的稳定性,可以用于识别系统的粗分类和后处理。     

Handwritten digit recognition: investigation of normalization and feature extraction techniques

The performance evaluation of various techniques is important to select the correct options in developing character recognition systems. In our previous works, we have proposed aspect ratio adaptive normalization (ARAN) and have evaluated the performance of state-of-the-art feature extraction and classification techniques. For this time, we will propose some improved normalization functions and direction feature extraction strategies and will compare their performance with existing techniques. We compare ten normalization functions (seven based on dimensions and three based on moments) and eight feature vectors on three distinct data sources. The normalization functions and feature vectors are combined to produce eighty classification accuracies to each dataset. The comparison of normalization functions shows that moment-based functions outperform the dimension-based ones and the aspect ratio mapping is influential. The comparison of feature vectors shows that the improved feature extraction strategies outperform their baseline counterparts. The gradient feature from gray-scale image mostly yields the best performance and the improved NCFE (normalization-cooperated feature extraction) features also perform well. The combined effects of normalization, feature extraction, and classification have yielded very high accuracies on well-known datasets.     

Fredholm算子的典则正规化子

本文从Ｆｅｄｈｏｌｍ算子的正规化子中，挑选出一个具有许多优美性质的算子，称之为典则正规化子，证明了典则正规则化子的存在性和唯一性，阐明了它具有塑 算子主要特征，因而可以看作是一种广义逆算子，还研究了与之相联系的约束算子和归一化算子，并讨论了它们的若干用途。     

关系数据库规范化简易方法浅述

本文通过举例，以一例较为通俗直观的方法描述关系数据库从第一范式到第三范式的推导过程。