An integrated framework for blockchain-enabled supply chain trust management towards smart manufacturing

With the development of a new generation of information technology, smart manufacturing has put forward higher requirements for supply chain. It is necessary to ensure the synchronization of the supply chain operation and maintain the reliability of the supply chain management, therefore the trust evaluation for the supply chain becomes extremely important. Traditional supply chain management has problems such as information flow is easy to be tampered with, logistics is difficult to trace, and capital flow is not true, which leads to increased opportunity costs due to the lack of trust among transaction entities in the supply chain. The emergence of blockchain technology provides an opportunity to improve the supply chain ecosystem. In this paper, an integrated framework for blockchain-enabled supply chain trust management towards smart manufacturing is proposed to explain how to enhance trust management with the help of blockchain from the perspectives of information flow, logistics, and capital flow. An optimized trust management model is designed for better entities evaluation in supply chain. A coal mine equipment manufacturing industry scenario is presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed framework.     

Evolutionary game-based incentive models for sustainable trust enhancement in a blockchained shared manufacturing network

Shared manufacturing (SM) is an advanced manufacturing mode to solve the problems of information asymmetry and resource imbalance in the complex supply and demand relationship under the background of mass personalization. Blockchain can provide technical solutions for trust issues between manufacturing service providers and demanders, but less research has focused on the stable maintenance of a blockchained shared manufacturing network (BSMN). Industrial knowledge graph and cognitive intelligence play an important role in designing incentive mechanisms for BSMN. Based on the evolutionary game theory, this paper designs various incentive models and develops the corresponding smart contracts to encourage different enterprises to participate in the “accounting” operations, to enhance the trust and maintain the operational stability of BSMN. Firstly, the evolution mechanism of BSMN was analyzed. Then, an evolutionary game model between shared manufacturing enterprise nodes was established to deduce the stable state of BSMN. Based on the analysis of the evolutionarily stable state, an incentive model with three strategies to encourage different enterprise nodes to participate in “accounting” operations was determined, and smart contracts of the incentive models were developed. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed incentive models was verified by simulation experiments.     

Mass customized/personalized manufacturing in Industry 4.0 and blockchain: Research challenges,main problems,and the design of an information architecture

Mass customized and mass personalized production has become facilitated by the fourth industrial revolution. The resulting industrial environments require the development of information systems able to take the specifications of customers and convey them to the production system in such a way as to contribute to the coordination of all the stakeholders and activities required to fulfill the orders of the customers. This is beyond the capabilities of traditional systems based on MRP and ERP, since the information should be managed in a flexible and decentralized way to exploit the Smart Manufacturing facilities of Industry 4.0. Blockchain, instead, is a technology that provides those features constituting a sound information supporting basis for mass customized/personalized production. Consequently, we explore the potential of blockchain as an information technology able to support industries that base their business models on mass customized/personalized production processes. This survey allows us to identify important challenges for further developments, highlighting three issues in the production setting: (i) to deepen the interoperability of systems, (ii) to generate more implementations, and (iii) to develop efficient consensus protocols. As a response to these insights we provide a conceptual design of how blockchain contributes to managing efficiently mass customized production systems. In our design the information of customer specifications can be fused with data from the production process to generate a plan to fulfill the demand. This design arises as a solution approach to three stated problem, which are faced by mass customized production systems.     

Secure and privacy-preserving crowdsensing using smart contracts: Issues and solutions

The advent of Blockchain and smart contracts is empowering many technologies and systems to automate commerce and facilitate the exchange, tracking and the provision of goods, data and services in a reliable and auditable way. Crowdsensing systems is one type of systems that have been receiving a lot of attention in the past few years. In crowdsensing systems consumer devices such as mobile phones and Internet of Things devices are used to deploy wide-scale sensor networks. We identify some of the major security and privacy issues associated with the development of crowdsensing systems based on smart contracts and Blockchain. We also explore possible solutions that can address major security concerns with these systems.     

基于区块链的环境监测数据安全传输方案

随着物联网的飞速发展,环境监测系统极大地提高了政府日常运作的效率和透明度。但是,大多数现有的环境监测系统都是以集中的方式提供服务,并且严重依赖人工控制。高度集中的系统架构容易受到外部攻击;此外,不法分子破坏数据真实性相对容易,导致公众对环境监测数据的信任度不高。针对这些问题,文中首先提出一种基于区块链的环境监测数据传输方案,监测设备获取的数据经过签名发送至数据采集终端,数据采集终端验证数据后将其写入区块链,智能合约对公众关心的数据进行实时分析并对外发布结果;其次,提出一种基于分组的PBFT共识算法,以提高系统的可扩展性。文中对方案进行了分析,结果表明,环境监测区块链保障了环境监测数据的安全性、真实性、完整性;同时结合具体案例验证了该方案的可行性。     

基于跳跃Hash和异步共识组的区块链动态分片模型

区块链系统的实现方案普遍存在性能和容量上的缺陷,使其无法取得更广泛的普及和应用。分片被视为最有可能解决区块链瓶颈的技术,然而目前主流的实现方案普遍存在牺牲去中心化或者安全性来提升性能的问题。基于现有分片技术的研究,文中提出了基于跳跃Hash和动态权重的分片构建算法,该算法满足高效性、公平性、自适应性等特点,网络分片效率对比以太坊提升了8%,分片数量动态增减时节点迁移的工作量对比以太坊降低了25%;同时引入了异步共识组机制,提升了分片的交易安全性,能够有效处理跨分片交易。理论分析和实验证明,基于跳跃Hash和异步共识组的区块链动态分片模型的最大交易性能可达5000笔每秒。     

面向5G的命名数据网络物联网研究综述

在5G时代,大规模物联网应用对网络架构提出了异构性、可扩展性、移动性和安全性四大挑战。基于TCP/IP的网络架构存在IP标识与位置绑定的二义重载问题,难以应对这四大挑战。命名数据网络(Named Data Networking,NDN)将内容作为第一语义,具有网络层和应用层逻辑拓扑一致性。NDN对这四大挑战的支持分别体现在:网络层命名屏蔽了底层异构细节,端到端解耦及网络层缓存使得NDN天然支持多对多通信和广播,消费者驱动的通信模式为消费者移动性提供原生支持,面向内容的内生安全更轻量可信。文中总结了基于NDN构建物联网亟待解决的问题,并对NDN与边缘计算、软件定义网络和区块链结合来构建边缘存储和计算模型、集中式与分布式结合的控制模型、分布式安全模型提出了展望。     

区块链在车载自组网中的应用研究及展望

车载自组织网络(简称车载网)是一种由车辆节点和路侧节点(基础设施)构成的自组织网络,是智能交通(Intelligent Transport System,ITS)领域的核心技术之一。区块链的分布式数据存储、点对点传输、共识机制、加密算法等技术可保证车载网中的安全性、可靠性,但是区块链的强一致性和链式结构特点无法满足车载网的两个主要特性,即车辆节点快速移动性和网络不稳定性。文中重点研究区块链在车辆节点移动性和网络不稳定性条件下的节点、存储、跨链、共识等技术特性,分析存在的问题并提出解决方法,最后展望区块链在车载网中的新应用及研究方向,为今后的研究提供参考。     

基于区块链的持久标识符系统

随着信息产业的发展, 数据生产者产生了大量价值数据. 为了进行数据共享, 赋予数据相应的标识符用于解析数据所在位置,同时为使数据可长期通过标识符访问, 还需保证标识符解析服务长期可用, 但现有标识符系统多数采用半去中心化结构, 由于过于依赖最终解析服务, 其中部分系统由于各种原因逐渐丧失解析能力. 本文基于区块链系统的分布式账本数据一致性, 提出了一种基于区块链的持久标识符系统, 在兼容现有标识符系统访问层的基础上, 提供存储层以保证标识符解析服务持久性及数据的长期正确保存. 基于Handle系统及 Hyperledger Fabric的测试结果表明, 该系统能够在提供可接受的请求响应速度与存储占用率的前提下, 为持久标识符服务提供更好的数据完整 性与解析服务长期可用性.     

分布式网络环境下基于区块链的密钥管理方案

为解决在分布式网络实施密钥管理困难和通信开销过大等问题,提出一种基于区块链技术的密钥管理方案（KMSBoB,key management schemes based on Blockchain）。KMSBoB中设计了分布式群组网络下基于区块链的密钥管理和传输过程,并将区块链全体成员挖矿过程和MTI/CO协议过程相结合形成动态生成会话密钥生成协议,简化了跨异构自治域下的密钥管理策略。通过仿真测试和结果分析表明 KMSBoB 的安全性和有效性,并且相比传统密钥管理方案通信开销更少和扩展性更高。