Can you trust your cryostat? Reproducibility of cryostat section thickness

Reproducibility of cryostat section thickness is required for valid quantitative microscopy. This is generally pursued by motorized sectioning using a low but constant speed. The purpose of our study was to compare variation in section thickness between motorized and manual cryostat sectioning. Serial sections were cut from a frozen block of homogenized tissue on different days. Lactate dehydrogenase activity was histochemically detected and calibrated absorbance measurements were taken. The coefficients of variation of measurements was 9.7% for motorized sectioning and 3.3% for manual sectioning. In conclusion, section thickness is similarly reproducible after manual sectioning compared with motorized sectioning, if not better.     

乳酸钙中还原糖测定方法的研究与确定

本文将五种测定还原糖的方法：直接滴定法、苯酚-硫酸法、蒽酮比色法、高效液相色谱法、标准加入应用于乳酸钙中还原糖的测定，经实验研究确定出一种较佳的测定乳酸钙中还原糖的分析方法一标准加入法。     

稀土化合物对乳酸正丁酯的催化合成

以稀土化合物为催化剂，实现了乳酸与正丁醇反应合成乳酸正丁酯。同时研究了催化剂用量、带水剂用量、酸醇比及反应时间等因素对反应的影响。适宜条件下，酯产率可达８５％以上。     

R-(+)-对羟基苯氧基丙酸甲酯的不对称合成

研究一种合成高效除草剂精吡氟氯禾灵的中间体B-( )-对羟基苯氧基丙酸甲酯的方法。控制温度为55℃，反应时间为24．5h，以苯酚为原料，将其与L-甲磺酰乳酸甲酯反应，收率80％。所得产物经K2S2O4氧化，在温度为65℃、反应时间为5h、甲醇存在的条件下酯化，得目标产物，两步反应收率为54％。产物的总收率达到40％。     

双水相萃取在乳酸钙精制中的应用研究

研究了在聚乙二醇(PEG)-磷酸盐双水相体系中PEG分子量、PEG浓度等因素在萃取精制乳酸钙时对分配系数及提取率的影响，并得到较好的双水相萃取条件。结果表明，双水相萃取方法提取乳酸钙能有效去除乳酸钙中的蛋白质、葡萄糖、有机酸杂质，大大提高乳酸钙成品质量。     

微波法快速合成乳酸正丁酯

以乳酸和正丁醇为原料,硫酸氢钠作催化剂,利用微波技术合成了乳酸正丁酯;讨论了微波辐射功率、辐射时间、原料配比及催化剂用量等对酯化反应的影响。结果表明:较佳反应条件为n(正丁醇)∶n(乳酸)=3∶1,硫酸氢钠的用量为0.35 g,微波功率为462 W,辐射时间为7 min,酯产率达94%以上。     

植物乳杆菌乳酸脱氢酶的分离纯化工艺研究

为进一步研究植物乳杆菌乳酸脱氢酶的酶学性质,探讨了乳酸脱氢酶的分离纯化工艺.采用了硫酸铵沉淀、DEAE Sepharose F.F.离子交换层析、Phenyl Sepharose 6 F.F.疏水层析及Sephadex G-25 Fine凝胶过滤等纯化方法,确定了较为合理的纯化工艺.酶蛋白纯化倍数达到21.4倍,酶活回收率为53.9%,为以后乳酸脱氢酶的进一步纯化提供了一定基础.高效液相色谱和SDS-PAGE电泳初步表明:乳酸脱氢酶相对分子质量为80000,含有2个亚基,且每个亚基相对分子质量大致为39000.     

以AlCl3为催化剂由乳酸铵合成乳酸乙酯的研究

研究了以AlCl3为催化剂由乳酸铵合成乳酸乙酯的反应，对催化剂用量、反应时间、醇铵比、带水剂种类及带水剂用量等参数对反应的影响进行了探讨。得到适宜的反应条件：催化剂用量为乳酸铵质量的1.5%，醇铵物质的量之比为2.5:1，反应温度不高于85℃，反应时间为48h，带水剂为苯，苯的用量为乳酸铵质量的67％，产率达到22.45%。     

1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the brains of normal infants and after perinatal hypoxia-ischemia

The aims of this study were to define proton (¹H) metabolite peak-area ratios in the brains of normal infants and to investigate abnormalities after perinatal hypoxia-ischemia. Point-resolved spectroscopy (PRESS) data were collected at 2.4 T with an echo time (TE) of 270 ms from 8-ml voxels located in the thalamus or occipito-parietal region. Fourteen normal and 9 asphyxiated infants were studied. The gestational plus postnatal ages (GPA) of these two groups were 31–41 (median 36) and 27–41 (37) weeks, respectively, and the asphyxiated infants were studied aged 0–10 (2) days. Peak-area ratios were determined in the normal infants for choline-containing compounds (Cho), creatine plus phosphocreatine (Cr),N-acetylaspartate (NAA) and lactate (Lac). Lactate was detected in all the normal infants and Lac/NAA was higher in the occipito-parietal region than in the thalamus (p<0.005). Lac/NAA decreased with increasing GPA in both the thalamus (p=0.014) and the occipito-parietal region (p=0.033). In six of the nine asphyxiated infants, Lac/NAA was above 95% confidence intervals for either the thalamus and/or the occipito-parietal region. Of these six infants, two died and three were neurologically abnormal aged 2 months, indicating that elevated Lac/NAA after perinatal hypoxia-ischemia may convey a poor prognosis. Propan-l,2-diol (the phenobarbitone injection medium) was detected at 1.1 ppm in three infants.     

硅胶固载硫酸镓催化合成乳酸丁酯

采用自制的硅胶固载稀有金属硫酸盐硫酸镓催化合成乳酸丁酯，考察了催化剂用量、醇酸物质的量比、反应时间、催化剂重复使用次数及带水剂等因素对收率的影响。结果表明该催化剂具有催化活性高，易分离回收，有一定的重复使用性等优势。适宜条件下收率达88．9％。