连霍高速不同运营路段路旁土壤重金属分布及潜在生态风险

在连霍高速公路运营时间不同的湾刘和小王庄断面, 按照距离公路的远近不同布设采样点, 对路旁土壤重金属(Cd、Cu、Pb、Zn、Ni、Cr)的空间分布特征及土壤重金属潜在生态风险展开研究。结果表明:运营时间较长的湾刘断面(处于中等生态风险状态)路旁土壤重金属含量高于小王庄断面(总体处于轻微生态风险状态)。随着距公路路基距离的增加, 多数重金属含量及潜在生态风险呈不规则偏态分布。湾刘断面的RI峰值出现在距路基50～100m之间, 小王庄断面出现在距路基35 m处。土壤Cd是最主要的风险因子, 对RI的贡献率平均为61.39%。土壤污染物潜在生态风险评价应根据所研究污染物种类和数量对H?kanson 潜在生态风险指数分级标准进行适当调整。     

河南省1985—2006年环境库兹涅茨曲线特征分析

自1991年美国经济学家格鲁斯曼(Grossman)和克鲁格(Krueger)利用西蒙*库兹涅茨的"倒U型假说"得出环境库兹涅茨曲线(EKC)后,国内外许多专家学者利用EKC研究经济增长和环境保护的关系.选取河南省1985-2006年共22年间的经济与环境数据,利用SPSS统计软件,建立河南省经济发展与工业"三废"排放量的计量模型,分析工业"三废"排放量的环境库兹涅茨曲线特征及其成因.结果表明:河南省工业废水排放量的环境库兹涅茨曲线呈正"U"形 倒"U"形曲线左侧,工业废气和固体废弃物排放量的环境库兹涅茨曲线呈倒"U"形左侧曲线,即河南省工业"三废"排放量仍处于上升期,除工业废水排放量与人均GDP的回归曲线已初见转折外,其余尚未达到环境质量趋好的转折点,今后仍必须加强环境保护,从而实现自然、经济和社会协调发展.     

污灌农田土壤动物及其对重金属污染的响应——以开封市化肥河污灌区为例

开封市化肥河污灌区土壤重金属(Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd、Ni)含量明显高于对照区,Cd含量超标严重。采用内梅罗指数法将污灌区土壤重金属污染分为轻污染、中污染和重污染3种类型。在此基础上,运用生态分析和统计分析的方法,研究了污灌区不同重金属污染样点的土壤动物个体与种群特征。结果表明:(1)污灌区土壤动物优势种群为线虫和等节跳科,总的个体数量和种群数量春季(分别为3158只和74种)均多于秋季(分别为1963只和57种)。(2)3种不同污染级别土壤中,土壤动物种群数量春季均少于秋季,春季样点间的种群相似性低于秋季。(3)土壤动物水平分布受重金属污染的影响较大,污染土壤与对照土壤中土壤动物数量有显著差异;重金属污染严重的样点,土壤动物的表聚性较低。(4)土壤动物密度-种群指数(DG)秋季大于春季,春秋两季都随重金属综合污染指数的增大而降低。(5)土壤动物对重金属污染的响应表现为个体数量较种群数量明显,水平分布较垂直分布明显,春季较秋季明显。     

开封市不同功能区城市土壤有机碳含量与密度分析(英文)

Urban soil, forming along with the development of city, has unique properties of soil organic carbon. On the basis of field investigation and laboratory analysis, soil organic carbon (SOC) of Kaifeng city was studied, and the results showed that the characteristics of SOC were different not only among function districts in urban area, but also between urban area and suburbs. The order of SOC in topsoil was industrial district > recreational district > traffic district > cultural/educational district > residential/administrative district. The density of soil organic carbon (SOCD) in both topsoil and profile followed the orders of recreational district >industrial district > traffic district>cultural/educational district > residential/adminis- trative district, and cultural/educational district > traffic district>industrial district>recreational district > administrative/residential district, respectively. SOCD in both topsoil and profile decreased along the transection line from urban area to suburbs and urban area had 2.53-fold more SOCD in topsoil and 1.56-fold more SOCD in profile than suburbs, respectively. SOC decreased with the depth and was mainly distributed within the scope of 0-30 cm. The variances of SOC in urban area were more complicated than that in suburbs.     

黄河源区径流对气候变化的响应及敏感性分析(英文)

Response of the runoff in the headwater region of the Yellow River to climate change and its sensibility are analyzed based on the measured data at the four hydrological stations and ten weather stations during the period 1959–2008. The result indicates that change of temperature in the region has an obvious corresponding relationship with global warming and the changes of annual average temperature in each subregion in the region have been presenting a fluctuant and rising state in the past 50 years. However the change of precipitation is more intricate than the change of temperature in the region because of the influences of the different geographical positions and environments in various areas, and the change of annual precipitation in the main runoff-producing area has been presenting a fluctuant and decreasing state in the past 50 years. And there is a remarkable nonlinear correlativity between runoff and precipitation and temperature in the region. The runoff in the region has been decreasing continuously since 1990 because the precipitation in the main runoff-producing area obviously decreases and the annual average temperature continuously rises. As a whole, the runoff in each subregion of the headwater region of the Yellow River is quite sensitive to precipitation change, while the runoff in the subregion above Jimai is more sensitive to temperature change than that in the others in the region, correspondingly.     

土地利用与土地覆被变化的分形分析--以郑汴间沙岗地为例

文章应用盒子计数法计算了郑汴之间沙岗土地各种土地覆被类型空间分布的分维值,讨论了土地利用与土地覆被变化(LUCC)的分形性质.结果表明,土地利用与土地覆被是一种分形事物.分维是综合表征LUCC空间分布状况的一个特征参数,其值域为0＜D＜2.分维值越大,表明土地覆被空间分布愈不规则、愈复杂;分维值的变化可以反映出土地利用与土地覆被类型的空间结构在时间维上的变化.     

深埋和加热使有机质活力增加促使深海生物圈活动性增强

深埋和加热使有机质活力增加促使深海生物圈活动性增强ＰｅｔｅｒＷｅｌｓｂｕｒｙ等深海沉积物随着深度增加,温压增大,生命量大大减少,有机质的分布也变得极不规律。因此,深层沉积物中存在着丰度很高的细菌种群似乎就有些不可思议了。怎样来解释年龄高达千万年的深层...     

森林病虫灾害及主要减灾对策

森林病虫害是林业的主要自然灾害之一,是综合减灾的重要组成部分。据统计,全国每年因森林病虫害给林业生产造成的直接经济损失达50亿元左右。我省是南方重点林业省份,森林病虫害的多发地区,每年因其危害造成的经济损失约占林业灾害损失的70%,因此,抓好森林病虫害防治工作,减轻灾害损失,对于保护森林资源,改善生态环境,促进林业持续、快速、健康发展有着十分重要的意义。随着国家实施可持续发展战略,我省林业已经进入了一个以生态环境建设为重点,全面加强林业资源的培育和保护,优化结构,积极推进林业经济体制和增长方式转变的新阶段。在这样…     

测量学教学体系改革的深层构想——面向资源环境与城乡规划管理专业的理性思考

从资源环境与城乡规划管理专业的学科定位对测量学课程进行定性,从更新教育观念的角度提出教学体系改革的指导思想,以此确定测量学课程的培养目标与课程规格并指导教学体系的设计。提出了测量学教学体系的系统结构模式,并按教学理论与教学实践两大部分,经典测量学、测绘新技术与测量学应用三个模块构建了教学体系的基本内容。