杭州市HZCORS系统坐标转换问题的研究与探讨

针对HZCORS系统地方坐标转换的有关问题，对WGS84大地坐标转换为杭州地方坐标及正常高的方法进行了深入分析与讨论，并在此基础上提出基于C／S结构的坐标转换方案及实现途径，解决了HZCORS系统坐标实时转换问题。     

红鳍东方鲀(Takifugu rubripes)三个不同群体的形态差异分析

对3个不同群体红鳍东方鲀(Takifugu rubripes)进行16项形态性状的测定,采用3种多元统计分析方法和方差分析方法,比较了3个群体的外部形态特征。聚类分析结果表明,3个红鳍东方鲀群体中,日本群体(J)和养殖群体(R)的差异最大,野生群体(Y)和养殖群体(R)的差异最小。主成分分析构建了3个反映形态特征信息的综合性指标——主成分1、主成分2和主成分3,三者的贡献率分别为54.961%、12.129%和6.459%,三个主成分的累积贡献率为73.549%,3群体之间存在明显的偏离,形成三个不同的类群,其中,养殖群体(R)和日本群体(J)间的形态差异最大,野生群体(Y)和养殖群体(R)的形态差异最小。判别分析表明,3个红鳍东方鲀群体的形态差异基本上达到差异显著(P0.05)或极显著水平(P0.01),利用贡献率最大的6个参数建立了3个群体的判别函数,其判别准确率分别为97.69%—100%(P1)、97.39%—100%(P2),综合判别率为98.62%,可以认为逐步判别法对于红鳍东方鲀不同群体的初步鉴定是可行的。方差分析多重比较结果表明,3个群体在部分形态特征上表现出明显差异,其中,养殖群体(R)和日本群体(J)之间形态特征差异显著指标最多,养殖群体(R)和野生群体(Y)之间形态特征差异显著指标最少。显然,聚类分析、主成分分析、判别分析和方差分析的结论基本上是类似的,它们从不同角度反映了群体间的形态学差异。     

Mesoscale Analysis of a Heavy Rainfall Event over Hong Kong During a Pre-rainy Season in South China

During the Heavy Rainfall Experiment in South China （HUAMEX） of 1998, a record heavy rainfall event occurred in the delta of the Pearl River during the 24 hours from 1200 UTC 8 June to 1200 UTC 9 June, 1998, and a 24-hour precipitation maximum of 574 mm was reported in Hong Kong. In this paper, some mesoscale characteristics of this heavy rainfall event are studied using data from satellites, Doppler radar, wind profilers, and automatic meteorological stations collected during HUAMEX. The following conclusions are drawn： （1） During this heavy rainfall event, there existed a favorable large-scale environment, that included a front with weak baroclinity in the heavy rain area and with an upward motion branch ahead of the front. （2） Unlike most extratropical or subtropical systems, the closed low in the geopotential height field does not exited. The obvious feature was that a southerly branch trough in the westerlies existed and Hong Kong was located ahead of the trough. （3） The rainfall areas were located in the warm sector ahead of the front, rather than in the frontal zone, which is one of the characteristics of heavy rainfalls during the pre-rainy season of South China. A southerly warm and moist current contributed to the heavy rainfall formation, including the transportation of rich water vapor and the creation of strong horizontal wind convergence. （4） The observations show that the heavy rainfall in Hong Kong was directly caused by a series of meso β systems rather than a mesoscale convective complex （MCC）. These meso β systems moved with the steering current in the lower-mid troposphere, their life cycles were 3-6 hours, and their horizontal sizes were 10-100 km. （5） The disturbances in the lower and mid troposphere, especially that in the planetary boundary layer （PBL） were very shallow. However, they are a possible trigger mechanism for the occurrence and development of the mesoscale convective systems and related heavy rainfalls. Finally, a conceptual model of the heav     

杭州市滨江区似大地水准面的确定及精度分析

介绍了通过布设足够密度且分布均匀的GPS水准联测点,建立杭州滨江区高精度、高分辨率的似大地水准面数学模型的原理和方法.     

紫微园坐标系与原点检测

杭州市紫微园原点和坐标系的建立有近90年历史，本主要叙述了它的发展概况和现在的原点检测结果与过去成果比较情况，从一个方面向读介绍了杭州的测绘历史，同时希望能够起到加强人们对测绘历史物的保护意识。     

工业测量基线确定的形状探讨

工业测量的一项重要内容就是确定仪器站之间的长度，也称之为基线测量，以确定测站的相对坐标。文中主要从理论上就基线测定的方法、精度和最佳交会构形进行了探讨。最后提出了实际基线测量应注意的若干问题。     

“9608”号台风登陆北上引发北方特大暴雨的中尺度对流系统研究

利用NCEP再分析资料和常规观测资料,对1996年8月3—5日发生在河北和山西的特大暴雨过程进行了分析和模拟研究,并对模拟结果用部分特殊观测资料进行了证实。天气形势的分析表明,“96.8”暴雨过程中登陆减弱的台风低压并未出现“75.8”暴雨中的台风与中纬度西风槽发生相互作用,入侵的弱冷空气是由华北高压南侧的偏东风引导至台风倒槽外围,是属于比较少见的登陆台风北上受高压阻挡停滞类型;台风倒槽内发生发展的2个中尺度对流云团是造成此次暴雨的直接影响系统,对流层低层的偏南风低空急流对中尺度对流云团的发展具有重要作用;暴雨期间,低空急流不仅强度大,而且伸展高度也相对较高;伴随强对流系统的主要入流和出流气流分别有2支,其中对流层高层的高空中尺度急流中心主要由强出流气流形成。分析还表明太行山对对流系统的阻挡可能是导致强降水长时间维持在石家庄附近的原因之一。     

Application of ATOVS Microwave Radiance Assimilation to Rainfall Prediction in Summer 2004

Experiments are performed in this paper to understand the influence of satellite radiance data on the initial field of a numerical prediction system and rainfall prediction. First, Advanced Microwave Sounder Unit A （AMSU-A） and Unit B （AMSU-B） radiance data are directly used by three-dimensional variational data assimilation to improve the background field of the numerical model. Then, the detailed effect of the radiance data on the background field is analyzed. Secondly, the background field, which is formed by application of Advanced Television and Infrared Observation Satellite Operational Vertical Sounder （ATOVS） microwave radiance assimilation, is employed to simulate some heavy rainfall cases. The experiment results show that the assimilation of AMSU-A （B） microwave radiance data has a certain impact on the geopotential height, temperature, relative humidity and flow fields. And the impacts on the background field are mostly similar in the different months in summer. The heavy rainfall experiments reveal that the application of AMSU-A （B） microwave radiance data can improve the rainfall prediction significantly. In particular, the AMSU-A radiance data can significantly enhance the prediction of rainfall above 10 mm within 48 h, and the AMSU-B radiance data can improve the prediction of rainfall above 50 mm within 24 h. The present study confirms that the direct assimilation of satellite radiance data is an effective way to improve the prediction of heavy rainfall in the summer in China.     

难进入地区钻探工程搬迁运输方式

分析了我国钻探工程难进入地区的类型，论述了存现有装备条件、礼会经济发展水平下难进入地区钻探工程搬迁运输方式和应用情况。对与钻探工程搬迁运输相关的道路修筑、冬季施工，今后工作重点提出了看法和建议。