衡阳市社区老年人休闲态度现状及其影响因素

[目的]探讨衡阳市社区老年人休闲态度的现状及其影响因素。[方法]采用一般资料调查表和休闲态度量表对275名青山街道社区卫生服务中心老年人进行调查。[结果]社区老年人休闲态度条目均分(3.16分±0.55分)处于中等水平。多元线性逐步回归分析表明,文化程度、听力、行动、每周锻炼次数和婚姻状况是影响社区老年人休闲态度的主要因素。[结论]社区老年人休闲态度水平总体较满意,但是自我发展和生活提升水平有待提高。     

Adverse Outcomes Associated With Inpatient Administration of Beers List Medications Following Total Knee Replacement

PurposeBeers List drugs are potentially harmful in older adults and are grouped by level of risk. Over 9000 total knee arthroplasties (TKAs) are performed each year Veterans Affairs (VA) hospitals, primarily on older adults. Minimal data on the administration of Beers List drugs following arthroplasty currently exists in the literature. Our goal was to quantify the risks of these drugs following TKA. We hypothesized that increasing doses of Beers List drugs would be associated with increased risks for readmission, reoperation, emergency department (ED) visits, and mortality.MethodsIn this retrospective cohort study, data from TKAs performed in VA hospitals from 2010 to 2014 were examined, with complicated or bilateral procedures excluded. The data were obtained from the VA Corporate Data Warehouse. The outcomes examined were readmission, postoperative ED visits, reoperation on ipsilateral knee, and mortality. Beers List drugs were divided into 3 categories: medications to use with caution (Beers 0); medications to avoid in older adults (Beers 1); and medications to avoid in certain disease states (Beers 2). Beers 2 was not included in the final analysis due to an inability to verify appropriate diagnostic criteria without manual chart review. Logistic regression was performed looking at the total number of doses in the first 48 h after surgery compared to the above-mentioned outcomes.FindingsData from 12,639 TKAs were analyzed; the mean age of the patients was 65.06 years, and 77.8% of patients received Beers List drugs while admitted. The most frequently administered Beers List drugs were proton pump inhibitors, NSAIDs, insulin, α-blockers, benzodiazepines, antihistamines, muscle relaxants, and antipsychotics. There was a dose-dependent increase in readmission and ED visits in the Beers 1 group. The odds ratios were 1.03 for 30-day readmission and 1.02 at 90 days. The odds ratios for ED visits were 1.05 for 72-h ED visits and 1.04 for ED visits within 7 and 30 days. The odds ratios were set at 1-unit dose intervals. All results were found after control for VA facility, sex, age, American Society of Anesthesiologists class, Charlson score, case length, and body mass index.ImplicationsThe group of medications to avoid (Beers 1) from the 2015 Beers List showed associations with increased frequency of readmission and postoperative ED visits. Reinforcement of the need to avoid those drugs during surgical care will hopefully reduce such complications. Limitations included not controlling for overall discharge drug count and reliance on the outpatient problem list for outpatient diagnoses. Additional subgroup analysis will be performed to see whether specific drugs pose a higher than risk others.     

老年人新型冠状病毒肺炎中药防治的合理用药策略

目的：促进老年人新型冠状病毒肺炎中药防治的安全性及合理性。方法：根据全国各省制定的新型冠状病毒肺炎中医药预防方案，结合老年人的生理特质、病理情况、基础疾病及用药特点进行分析。结果：提出老年人新型冠状病毒肺炎中药防治的合理用药策略。结论：老年人作为预防新冠病毒感染的重点人群，应加强合理用药干预，确保中药用药安全有效。     

Effects of Tai Chi exercise on improving walking function and posture control in elderly patients with knee osteoarthritis: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Objective:It remains unclear whether Tai Chi is effective for walking function and posture control improvements in aged populations with knee osteoarthritis. The aim of this study was to systematically evaluate the effects of Tai Chi on improving walking function and posture control in elderly patients with knee osteoarthritis by updating the latest trial evidence.Methods:Web of Science, PubMed/Medline, Embase, Scopus, PEDro, and Cochrane library were searched up to October 1, 2020 to identify RCTs evaluating Tai Chi for improving walking function and posture control in older adults with knee osteoarthritis. The primary outcomes were walking function and posture control. Meta-analysis was performed with RevMan Version 5.3 software.Results:A total of 603 participants with knee osteoarthritis in the 11 trials were included. The results of meta-analysis showed that: The Tai Chi group was associated with better performance in 6-minute walk test (6 MWT), time up and go test (TUG) and “Western Ontario and McMaster Universities (WOMAC) Osteoarthritis Index” Physical Function Score than the control group ([MD: 46.67, 95% CI 36.91–56.43, P < .001]), ([MD: −0.89, 95% CI −1.16 to −0.61, P < .001]), ([MD: −11.28, 95% CI −13.33 to −9.24, P < .001]).Conclusion:This meta-analysis provided evidence from 11 RCTs that Tai Chi could be an excellent physical training strategy for improving walking function and posture control in older adults with knee osteoarthritis. Assuming that Tai Chi is at least effective and safe in most areas, it can be used as an adjuvant and reliable physical training strategy for walking function upgrading and balance control improvements for older patients with knee osteoarthritis.     

Association of dietary isoflavone consumption with subclinical cardiovascular disease in middle-aged and elderly Chinese people

Background and aimsThe association between isoflavone (ISF) consumption and cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains controversial because of limited evidence. Carotid atherosclerosis is an established indicator of subclinical CVD. The study aimed to investigate the relationship between dietary ISF intake and subclinical CVD in middle-aged and elderly adults.Methods and resultsA total of 873 subjects aged 40–70 years without CVD were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. A restricted cubic spline was used to investigate the association between ISF intake and subclinical CVD risk. The odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval of the risk of subclinical CVD for ISF were estimated by two-segmented logistic regression analysis. In Model 2, there was a non-linear association between ISF intake and the risk of subclinical CVD among women (P_non-linear = 0.002), with an inverse association below the change point. The nadir for the risk of subclinical CVD among women was 7.26 mg/day (energy-adjusted). Below the change point, an increase of 1 mg ISF/day reduced the risk of subclinical CVD by 15%. There was no significant association between ISF intake and subclinical CVD risk above the change point (OR = 1.01 [0.99, 1.04]). ISF intake was not associated with subclinical CVD risk in men (Model 2: P_non-linear = 0.224).ConclusionsBelow the change point (7.26 mg/day), women with a higher intake of ISF had a significantly lower risk of subclinical CVD. Encouraging the consumption of ISF-rich foods may help to lower CVD risk in middle-aged and elderly women.Trial registrationThis study is registered at http://www.chictr.org.cn (ChiCTR 1900022445).     

胸腺肽联合抗菌药物对老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期的治疗效果

目的探讨胸腺肽联合抗菌药物对老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期(AECOPD)的治疗效果。方法统计分析该院2013年1月至2014年9月收治的60例老年AECOPD患者的临床资料。结果研究组患者的1s用力呼气量(FEV1)和FEV1%均明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);临床症状和生活质量评分均明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);治疗的总有效率96.7%(29/30)明显高于对照组66.7%(20/30),差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论胸腺肽联合抗菌药物对老年AECOPD的治疗效果明显,值得推广。     

Assisted Peritoneal Dialysis for Older People with End-Stage Renal Disease: The French and Danish Experience

Older people are the largest and fastest growing group of patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD), and, due to advanced age and a heavy burden of comorbidities, they are usually not candidates for renal transplantation or home-based dialysis treatment. Some of the barriers for home treatment are non-modifiable, but the majority of physical disabilities and psychosocial problems can be overcome provided that assistance is offered to the patients at home.In the present review, we describe the programs for assisted peritoneal dialysis (PD) in France and Denmark, respectively. In both nations, assisted PD is totally publicly funded, and the cost of assisted PD is comparable to the cost of in-center HD. Assisted continuous ambulatory PD (aCAPD) is the preferred modality in France whereas assisted automated PD (aAPD) is the preferred modality in Denmark. Assistants are professional nurses or healthcare technicians briefly educated by expert PD nurses from the dialysis unit.The establishment of a program for assisted PD may increase the number of patients actually treated with PD and may reduce the risk of PD technique failure and prolong PD duration. Compared with autonomous PD patients, patients on assisted PD may have shorter patient survival and peritonitis-free survival indicating that, besides advanced age and the burden of comorbidities, dependency on help may be an independent risk factor for poorer outcome.Assisted PD is an evolving dialysis modality, and may in the future prove to be a feasible complementary alternative to in-center hemodialysis (HD) for the growing group of dependent older patients with ESRD.     

Outdoor pedestrian fall‐related injuries among Swedish senior citizens – injuries and preventive strategies

Senior citizens get around, to a large extent, as pedestrians, and safe walking is desirable for senior citizens allowing them to stay mobile, independent and healthy in old age. Senior citizens are over‐represented in injury statistics, and fall‐related injuries are common. The aim of this study was to investigate fall‐related injuries including healthcare costs among senior citizen pedestrians injured when walking in public outdoor environments and to describe their self‐reported causes and suggested preventive strategies. The data were based on a combination of information from injury data and a questionnaire. Three hundred senior citizens attended one emergency department after sustaining injuries from pedestrian falls; 60% suffered nonminor injuries, mostly fractures. One‐fifth of the pedestrians were hospitalised for an average of 8 days with an indirect hospital cost of 6.2 million EUR (55 million SEK). Environmental factors such as ice were the most commonly described cause of the injury incident. Forty per cent of the respondents indicated that the municipality was responsible for the cause of the injury incident. Fewer respondents mentioned their own responsibility as a preventive strategy. Thirty per cent described a combination of improvements such as better road maintenance, changes in human behaviour and use of safety products as preventive strategies. It is of great importance to highlight general safety, products and preventive strategies to minimise injury risks, so that pedestrians can safely realise the known health benefits of walking and thereby limit healthcare costs.     

老年住院患者健康教育效果及其相关因素分析

目的探讨老年住院患者健康教育的效果,并分析健康教育得分与人口学资料之间的关系。方法选取我科2012年10月~2013年3月收治的161例老年住院患者作为研究对象。研究工具包括健康教育效果评价表及患者一般人口学资料问卷。结果 161例患者健康教育得分为(17.06±2.40);不同人口学特征(包括年龄、住院天数、文化程度)的患者健康教育总得分之间有显著性差异(P0.05)。结论护士对老年患者进行健康教育时,应针对不同患者的人口学特征进行有针对性的健康教育,以提高健康教育效果。     

酒钢职工高尿酸血症现况调查及影响因素分析

目的探讨对患有高尿酸血症的酒钢职工患者进行研究调查,明确此类疾病的影响因素。方法以2017年12月-2018年12月在本院进行健康体检的17 611名检查者为研究对象,其中包括男性职工和女性职工分别有16 992例和619例,截取患者健康体检资料,分析职工患有高尿酸血症的患病概率,并采用多因素logistics回归分析,明确患病率的影响因素。结果高尿酸血症患者患病率为30.5%,其中男性患病率为31.3%,女性患病率为9.9%;高尿酸血症的人群中,超重及肥胖、高甘油三脂、高低密度脂蛋白、高血压患病率均明显高于正常尿酸组;组间数值差异较大(P <0.05)。结论酒钢职工高尿酸血症检出率较高,高尿酸血症与性别、体质指数、血脂、血压密切相关,应给予足够重视,及早进行综合干预。