Towards unlimited colors for fluorescence in-situ hybridization (FISH)

We describe a FISH protocol that allows rehybridization of complex DNA probes up to four times to the same specimen. This strategy, which we termed ReFISH, opens a wide range of new applications to conventional band pass filter epifluorescence microscopy. These include M-FISH karyotyping and cross-species color banding that emulate multiplex probe sets labeled with up to 12 fluorochromes in sequential hybridizations to the same specimen. We designed a human 24-color karyotyping probe set in combination with a 29-color cross-species color banding probe set using gibbon painting probes. Applying the ReFISH principle, 53 painting probes on individual metaphases were discriminated. This allowed simultaneous screening for inter- and intrachromosomal rearrangements on normal human diploid cells, a HeLa derived cell line, and highly rearranged gibbon chromosomes. Furthermore, the present ReFISH experiments successfully combine 24-color FISH with laser scanning confocal microscopy to study the 3D organization of all 46 human chromosome territories in individual interphase cell nuclei.     

超声多普勒检测糖尿病患者心功能的研究

目的检测糖尿病患者心功能。方法采用脉冲多普勒彩色超声心动图检测糖尿病、糖尿病合并冠心病患者各33例的心室结构和功能，并与健康组对照。结果糖尿病组的左心室舒张功能较健康组减退，而合并症组较糖尿病组减退更显著。结论糖尿病组的收缩功能与健康组间无统计学意义（P〉0．05），而三组问舒张功能有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。提示心室舒张功能较收缩功能变化更早、更显著。糖尿病组及合并症组左右心室均存在舒张功能障碍，表现为舒张早期心室充盈减低及房缩充盈代偿增强等（E峰流速减慢，A峰流速增快）。糖尿病的心室舒张功能减退与糖尿病的心脏病变和代谢紊乱均有关系，纠正代谢紊乱可避免心功能进一步恶化。     

Sources of behavioral deviation modeled by early color preferences in quail. III. Developmental stability and normative canalization

Successful artificial selection of quail (C. coturnix japonica) for divergent early approach preferences for, and imprintabilities to, the wavelength characteristics of otherwise identical visual stimuli decreased the trait's developmental stability. The developmental error that resulted from selecting for extreme initial preferences was associated with enhanced imprintabilities. Conversely, the developmental error that resulted from selecting for extreme imprintabilities was associated with enhanced expression of directional gene effects in extreme initial preferences. The data are attributed to selectively relaxed normative canalization of trait development, and to related enhanced expression of genetic, environmental, and stochastic influences in trait deviations.     

起搏负荷超声与常规多普勒超声心动图对冠心病检出率的比较

目的　通过食道心房起搏负荷试验 ,使用彩色多普勒超声心动图对左心室室壁运动状态及左心室舒缩功能改变进行评价 ,以提高冠心病诊断的检出率 ;方法　使用心脏程序刺激仪经食道起搏导管调整心率达次极量 ;同时使用彩色多普勒超声心动仪进行左心室室壁运动记分并记录二尖瓣口及主动脉瓣环部血流频谱 ;结果　经食道心房起搏增加心脏负荷 ,应用左心室每搏量 (SV)、主动脉瓣环部流速积分 (VTIAO)、等容舒张时间 (IVRT)、二尖瓣口流速积分(VTIMV) )、快速充盈分数 (RFI)及室壁运动记分指数 (WMSI)作为指标在冠心病诊断中可提高检出率 ,以WMSI结合其它两项左心室舒缩功能阳性指标 ,其冠心病诊断的检出率为 95 % ,假阳性率为 3% ;结论　经食道心房起搏彩色多普勒负荷超声心动图 (TPDE)在冠心病诊断中有较高的应用价值 ,因其简便、实用和安全 ,宜在临床广泛推广使用     

增殖性瘢痕色度测量方法的研究

目的:临床评价增殖性瘢痕的颜色需要定量测量.本实验主要研究增殖性瘢痕色度的测量方法,实现瘢痕颜色的定量测量,为临床诊治提供量化依据.材料与方法:采用以光电积分式测量原理设计的色彩分析仪对增殖性瘢痕患者19人,共65个测试点按不同部位分为四组进行色度测量,并与正常组对照.用CIE-XYZ色度标准表达测量值,配合色度图直接观察瘢痕的疗效.结果:增殖性瘢痕各部位组的色度坐标值与相应的对照组比较均有显著性差异(P＜0.05).结论:本实验的测量方法是有效的,能准确、定量反映增殖性瘢痕颜色的变化.可用量化指标总结、分析、报告治疗结果.     

序列解剖层片的全局和局部色彩校正

本研究提出了一种全局和局部相结合的序列解剖层片的色彩校正算法。利用数字人层片（中国女婴一号）上提供的彩色灰度卡对相邻层片间各颜色通道的色彩差异进行全局校正，以消除解剖数据集沿垂直方向的光照变化；再利用线性校正模型和差值图像各通道（R、G、B）的灰度局部直方图，对解剖数据集进行局部色彩差异校正。重建结果表明，经过全局和局部色彩校正后，重建视图中的明暗条纹基本消失，说明层片间颜色的不连续现象得到了校正。     

超声彩色脉搏波技术在定量评价2型糖尿病患者颈动脉弹性变化中的应用

目的 探讨超声彩色脉搏波(UFPWV)技术在定量评价2型糖尿病患者颈动脉血管管壁弹性变化中的应用价值。方法 回顾性研究。纳入2018年7月-2019年3月蚌埠医学院第一附属医院收治的97例2型糖尿病患者为观察组,其中男47例、女50例,年龄20~74(46.6±9.3)岁;根据颈动脉内中膜厚度(IMT)将观察组分为颈动脉粥样斑块组(A组)、颈动脉内中膜增厚组(B组)和颈动脉内中膜正常组(C组),依据下肢动脉有无斑块将C组分为下肢动脉斑块组(C1组)、下肢动脉无斑块组(C2组)。选取2017年12月-2018年12月在蚌埠医学院第一附属医院体检中心血糖及颈动脉IMT正常的健康体检者64人为对照组,其中男25人、女39人,年龄20~74(44.3±12.0)岁。运用UFPWV采集脉搏波速度 (PWV),计算颈动脉收缩早期PWV(PWV-BS)及收缩晚期PWV(PWV-ES),分析各项参数组间的差异。结果 观察组中,A组颈动脉PWV-BS、PWV-ES分别为(9.51±1.25)m/s、(10.79±1.64)m/s,B组分别为(8.47±0.91)m/s、(9.81±1.05)m/s,C组分别为(7.97±0.77)m/s、(9.07±0.74)m/s,对照组颈动脉PWV-BS、PWV-ES分别为(6.10±1.00)m/s、(7.40±1.20)m/s,A组、B组、C组及对照组间颈动脉PWV-BS、PWV-ES测量值依次降低,差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.05)。C组中,C1组颈动脉PWV-BS、PWV-ES分别为(7.83±0.85)m/s、(8.82±0.59)m/s,C2组分别为(8.14±0.64)m/s、(9.34±0.79)m/s, C1组PWV-ES显著高于C2组,差异有统计学意义(t=3.402,P＜0.01),而两组间PWV-BS的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 UFPWV技术可定量评价2型糖尿病患者颈动脉弹性变化,并可通过PWV-ES的改变评估颈动脉形态学正常的患者动脉粥样硬化的进展程度,对临床诊疗具有一定意义。     

Reflection of an Orienting Reflex in the Phases of Evoked Potentials in the Rabbit Visual Cortex and Hippocampus during Substitution of Stimulus Intensity

Experiments on conscious rabbits were performed using the oddball paradigm, in which a rare (deviant) and common (standard) stimuli were of the same color but different intensities. Deviant stimuli were of lesser intensity. Recordings were made of evoked potentials induced by series of uniform deviant stimuli (without using standard stimuli), which were presented at the beginning and end of stimulation. Visual evoked potentials recorded in response to deviant stimuli in the visual cortex and hippocampus showed increases in the amplitudes of phases, shifted towards positivity as compared with responses to standard stimuli and uniform deviant stimuli at the beginning and end of stimulus blocks. Significant changes affected phases P1 and P2 of visual evoked potentials in the cortex and phases P1, N1, and P2 in the hippocampus. The most significant increase in evoked potentials in the cortex was seen for the P2 peak (P130). It is suggested that changes in responses to oddball-deviant stimuli result from an orienting reflex to rare, unexpected stimuli and that the P2 (P130) peak in the cortex is associated with transmission of information regarding changes in the intensity of the light. The amplitude of this peak was shown to be decreased in responses to uniform deviant stimuli at the beginning and end of stimulus blocks. It was also demonstrated that the clearest and most contrasting changes in visual evoked potentials in responses to deviant and standard stimuli were seen with the smallest differences in intensity between these types of stimulus, this reflecting increases in the orienting reflex at threshold differences.     

心脏彩色多普勒超声在高血压性心脏病诊断的应用效果观察

目的:分析在诊断高血压性心脏病时使用心脏彩色多普勒超声的价值,为患者提供更加精准的诊断手段。方法:选取2018年11月~2019年11月本院收治的高血压性心脏病患者100例,均实施心电图和心脏彩色多普勒超声检查,按检查方法分为心电图组和心脏彩色多普勒超声组。对比两组最终每种心脏病检查结果。结果:心脏彩色多普勒超声检查组每种心脏病检出率均显著高于心电图组,P<0.05。结论:临床上可以应用心脏彩色多普勒超声对疑似高血压性心脏病患者实施诊断,诊断准确率、疾病检出率较高,为患者后续治疗方案的制定提供了重要基础。     

GE Voluson E8彩超的电源故障分析及解决方案

简要介绍GE Voluson E8彩超诊断仪中电源的工作原理,并重点论述该仪器电源故障的检测以及电源发射电路、探头内部基元断路或损坏故障的快速解决方法。按照规程操作仪器与定期维护保养,对保证设备正常运行具有重要的意义。