PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF ULTRA-HIGH MOLECULAR WEIGHT POLY(ETHYLENE TEREPHTHALATE)(PET)FIBER

This paper reports the spinning and drawing behavior of Ultra-high Molecular Weight polyethylene Terephthalate) (UHMW-PET) fibers. The as-spun fibers were produced by dry-jet wet spinning of a 15%-17% solution in 50:50(v:v) trifluroroacetic acid and dichloromethane. Both molecular weight and polymer solution concentration have marked effect on the drawability of the as-spun-fibers. The maximum extension drawing ratio (EDRmax) of as-spun fiber increases with increasing molecular weight, whereas optimal concentration to achieve the EDRmax of as-spun fibers decreases with increasing molecular weight. Drawing speed and temperature during the first step have remarkable effect on the drawability of these fiber during the second step. Relatively lower drawing temperature and drawing speed (19 ℃ , 60 mm/min) during the first drawing step was beneficial to mechanical properties of ultimate fibers. At the range of 210 ℃ to 230 ℃, the draw ratio (DR) during the second step increases with increasing temperature.     

行走纤维表面温度的接触测量

本文详细地介绍了补偿接触式热电偶测温计的制作技术及其应用。借助于该仪器对不同纺丝速度下行走的固化的聚酯纤维在纺丝线上的温变分布进行了测定。结果表明,试验得到的温度分布与电算机计算的理论温度分布是相似的。本测温计的测温范围为0-300℃,并具有结构简单、精确度及灵敏度高等特点,可用于测定热容量极小的已固化的行走纤维及其它运动物体的表面温度。     

纺丝工艺对高相对分子质量Lyocell 纤维素纤维性能的影响

使用高相对分子质量的纤维素——医用脱脂棉(铜铵法聚合度DP＝1400)为纺丝原料，N—甲基吗啉—N—氧化物(NMMO）作溶剂，采用Lyocell工艺进行纺丝制备高强高模纤维素纤维；通过正交设计和系统试验，考察了纺丝工艺参数(气隙长度，拉伸比，凝固洛浓度和喷丝板孔数)对最终Lyocell纤维机械性能的影响。结果表明，对于这一体系，纺丝工艺参数对纤维的拉伸强度、初始模量及断裂伸长率都有不同程度的影响；在工艺优化的基础上，制备出了拉伸强度8．9cN／dtex，初始模量163cN／dtex的高强高模纤维素纤维。     

超临界CO2中合成的聚丙烯腈的相对分子质量及其分布的测定

以已知相对分子质量及其分布的聚丙烯腈宽分布共聚物为标样，采用Breeze软件，得到了有效的标定直线。根据标定直线测定了超临界CO2中合成的聚丙烯腈均聚物的相对分子量及分布。并将GPC法测得的各种平均相对分子质量结果与粘度法所测得的粘均相对分子质量做了比较。     

超临界CO2中丙烯腈的沉淀聚合反应

在超临界CO2 条件下 ,以偶氮二异丁腈 (AIBN)为引发剂成功地进行了丙烯腈的沉淀聚合反应 ,得到了粘均相对分子质量为 2× 10 4 ～ 1× 10 5的聚合物。研究发现聚丙烯腈的相对分子质量及转化率受单体浓度、引发剂用量、时间、温度及CO2压力等因素的影响。以二甲基甲酰胺为溶剂 ,将此聚合产物在小型纺丝机上进行湿法纺丝 ,可得到一定线密度的纤维。此外还用扫描电镜对聚合物及纤维的形态进行了观察。     

热管纺丝中温度对PET纤维结构的影响

本文介绍了纺程加热一步法制取充分结晶纤维中的远红外加热法。为了弄清纤维力学性质随温度上升而引起的变化,研究了加热温度对纤维结构形成的影响。应用红外光谱的分离技术,研究了加热过程中结晶形成的机理。发现不仅PET纤维的848cm~(-1)谱带发生了变化,而且通过对848cm~(-1)谱带分离成代表PET三种结构的三个峰838cm~(-1),846cm~(-1),853cm~(-1)也发生了变化。充分说明了温度在加工过程中对PET纤维结晶结构的形成所起的作用。为了证实这些变化,又以大角X射线衍射及力学性能的测定作了旁证。表明了在红外光谱、大角X射线衍射和力学性能间有一致的变化。本文还对结晶结构的形成与工艺条件的关系进行了讨论,获得了用远红外加热法制取充分结晶纤维合适的工艺条件。     

Study of Synthesis of Copoly （lactic acid／glycolic acid） by Direct Melt Polycondensation

A two steps direct copolymerisation process was developed. The first step is to produce oligomer and then the oligomer of lactic acid/glycolic acid (90/10) is polymerized with binary catalyst tin chloride dihydrate/ptoluenesulfonic acid. In this way, the direct synthesis of copoly (lactic acid/glycolic acid) without any organic solvent was investigated. The properties and structures of products were characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray diffraction and so on. The results show that comparatively high molecular weight copolymer of lactic acid and glycolic acid can be prepared by direct processing under appropriate technological conditions.     

超高分子量PET的纺丝溶液制备及研究

本文采用特性粘度为2dl/g的高分子量 PET聚合体,通过五种溶剂[三氟乙酸/二氯甲烷(TFA/DCM)、六氟异丙醇/二氯甲烷(HD)、二氯醋酸(DCA)、硝基苯(NB)、联苯/联苯醚(PB)]的对比,认为其中TFA/DCM的混合溶剂是高粘度PET的良溶剂,操作容易,溶解温度低,溶液稳定性好。按照高分子量聚合物溶解的规律以及大量实验数据,用溶胀DSC方法选择了最佳的溶胀温度、溶解方式和条件,使纺丝溶液中高粘度PET分子量降解达到最低的程度。用本研究方法所制得的高粘度PET纺丝溶液,经探索制成薄膜,得轴向抗拉强度为6.21cN/dtex和模量135.2cN/dtex,为今后制备高强高模PET纤维作了研究准备。     

氧化法纯化回收Lyocell纤维纺丝溶剂NMMO的研究

研究用H2O2氧化回收含有NMMO的lyocell纤维的纺丝凝固浴,并使之纯化脱色,应用正交实验方法研究各种参数对氧化法的影响,探索适合实际工业生产的最佳工艺条件。在实验中,用溶液在450nm的吸光度来跟踪反应的进行,通过测量溶液的吸光度、pH值、过氧化氢的残余量来指示反应的绺和结果。研究结果表明影响氧化法纯化回收凝固浴的主要因素是温度和H2O2的加入量。最佳工艺条件是再生温度为70℃、H2O2的加入量为溶液质量的1.0%、溶液的pH值为8。     

Effects of Process Technology on Structure and Properties of HMLS Fibers

High modulus low shrinkage (HMLS) fibers have been prepared by using higher viscosity PET chips. The effects of the process conditions on their structure and properties have been studied by various testing techniques. The results show that the suitable spuming speed for preparing of HMLS fibers is 2 000 - 2 800 m/ min. With the increase of the spinning speed, the density, crystallinity, and birefringence of the initial fibers increase obviously, but the shrinkage ratio decreases rapidly. The effects of process technology on properties of the HMLS fibers have also been discussed.