断母乳日龄对犊牛营养物质消化和血清生化指标的影响

本试验旨在研究不同断母乳日龄对犊牛营养物质消化和血清生化指标影响。试验选用新生红安格斯与西门塔尔杂交肉犊牛60头,根据日龄和体重随机分成5个处理,每个处理12头犊牛,公母各占1/2,试验组分别在28、42、56和70日龄进行断母乳(分别为28A、42B、56C、70D组),随后人工哺乳代乳品至90日龄;对照组( CK组)随母哺乳至150日龄。试验时间为出生至150日龄,期间测定体重(0、70、90、150日龄)和血清生化指标(70、90、150日龄)的变化。每个处理选取6头犊牛分别在断奶前(85~90日龄)和断奶后(145~150日龄)进行2期消化代谢试验。每期6 d,其中2 d预试期,4 d正试期。结果显示：1)试验全期体重各组间无显著差异(P>0.05)。2)断奶前各组犊牛营养物质消化率差异不显著(P>0.05),断奶后28A、42B组犊牛干物质消化率显著高于56C、70D组( P<0.05),有机物消化率显著高于70D组( P<0.05),其中42B组消化率略高。3)150日龄试验结束时,28A和42B组血清葡萄糖、总蛋白、甘油三酯、尿素氮、胆固醇、结合珠蛋白、白细胞介素-2、胰岛素样生长因子-1、免疫球蛋白M含量与CK组相比差异不显著( P>0.05),血清免疫球蛋白G、免疫球蛋白A含量分别显著低于、高于CK组( P<0.05),其中42B组略高。由此可见,红安格斯与西门塔尔杂交肉犊牛的断母乳时间以42日龄较为适宜。     

不同磷水平和钙磷比饲粮添加植酸酶对妊娠母猪养分表观消化率的影响

本试验旨在研究不同磷水平和钙磷比饲粮添加植酸酶对妊娠母猪养分消化率的影响。试验选择遗传背景一致、2~3胎次(预产期前28 d)、体重为(221.91±7.41)kg、预产期相近的健康"长×大"二元杂交母猪36头,按照胎次、预产期均衡原则随机分为9个组,每个组4个重复。对照组饲喂基础饲粮(钙、磷水平分别为7.26、5.81 g/kg);组2为基础饲粮添加植酸酶;组3~5保持钙水平(7.26 g/kg)不变添加植酸酶,减少无机磷添加至对照组的75%、50%、25%[钙磷比为(1.35~1.63)∶1.00];组6~9保持钙磷比不变(1.25∶1.00)添加植酸酶,减少无机磷添加至对照组的75%、50%、25%、0。结果表明:1)正常磷水平下,添加植酸酶显著提高了干物质、粗灰分、有机物和磷的表观消化率(P0.05),极显著降低了粪中磷的排泄量(P0.01),有降低铜、锌排泄量的趋势(P0.10)。与对照相比,低磷水平添加植酸酶极显著提高了干物质、粗灰分、有机物、磷、钙、铁、铜、锌的表观消化率(P0.01),显著降低了粪中磷、钙、铁、铜、锌的排泄量(P0.05)。2)饲粮在保持钙水平不变或钙磷比不变的条件下添加植酸酶,随磷添加量的降低,干物质、粗灰分、有机物、磷、铁、铜、锌的表观消化率均呈线性或二次升高(P0.05),粪中磷、铁、铜、锌的排泄量呈线性或二次降低(P0.01),保持钙磷比不变,钙、粗蛋白质的表观消化率显著提高(P0.05)。3)以表观可消化磷为标准,饲粮保持钙水平不变和钙磷比不变添加植酸酶可分别替代0.91、1.27 g/kg的无机磷,减少24.70%、34.48%的粪磷排泄量。4)钙磷比不变(1.25∶1.00)组饲粮的养分表观消化率极显著高于钙水平不变[高钙磷比(1.35~1.63)∶1.00]组饲粮(P0.01),且粪矿物质的排泄量极显著减少(P0.01)。综上所述:1)在本研究条件下,在低无机磷、低钙磷比(1.25∶1.00)饲粮中,添加植酸酶提高养分消化率的效果更显著。2)以表观可消化磷为标准,母猪饲粮的钙磷比为1.25∶1.00时,添加植酸酶可减少1.27 g/kg的磷添加。     

浮萍可能成为猪日粮的良好蛋白来源

根据美国伊利诺大学的研究人员进行的一项新的研究显示,浮萍有可能成为猪日粮的良好蛋白来源。浮萍是一种小型的、自由漂浮的水生植物,在环境友好的应用方面有很大潜力,可用来生产乙醇、生物柴油和塑料。伊利诺大学的研究显示,浮萍可能还能成为猪日粮的蛋白来源。伊利诺大学动科教授Hans H.Stein博士说:"浮萍每英亩的蛋白单产高于大豆。它易于收获,并且因为它生长在水中,因此不会与食用作物竞争土地。这让它成了一种激动人心     

Effects of Compound Chinese Medicine on Growth Performance,Nutrients Apparent Digestibility,Immune Function and Slaughter Performance of Weaning Rex Rabbits

This experiment was conducted to study the effects of different levels of compound Chinese medicine on growth performance,nutrients apparent digestibility,immune function and slaughter performance of weaning Rex rabbits.70 healthy Rex rabbits at age of 60 days were divided into 7 groups with 5 replicates per group and 2 rabbits per replicate.Group Ⅰ was fed with basic diet as control group,group Ⅱ was fed the basal diet supplemented with antibiotic (contains 50 mg/kg milligrams bacitracin zinc,10 mg/kg colistin sulfate).The other five groups (Ⅲ,Ⅳ,Ⅴ,Ⅵ and Ⅶ) were fed the basal diet supplemented with 1%,2%,3%,4%,5% compound Chinese medicine,respectively.The pre-test period lasted for 7 days and the trial period lasted for 45 days.The results showed as follows:①The ADG in group Ⅳ was significantly higher than that in groups Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ (P< 0.05),the F/G in group Ⅳ was significantly lower than that in other groups (P< 0.05).②The apparent digestibility of DM in group Ⅳ was significantly higher than that in groups Ⅰand Ⅱ (P< 0.05),the apparent digestibility of DM in group Ⅶ was significantly higher than that in group Ⅰ (P< 0.05).The apparent digestibility of CF in group Ⅳ was extremely significantly higher than that in group Ⅰ (P< 0.01),the apparent digestibility of CF in group Ⅶ was significantly higher than that in group Ⅰ (P< 0.05).The apparent digestibility of NDF in group Ⅳ was extremely significantly higher than that in group Ⅰ (P< 0.01),and significantly higher than that in groups Ⅱ,Ⅲ,Ⅴ and Ⅶ (P< 0.05).The apparent digestibility of ADF in group Ⅳ was significantly higher than that in groups Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅴ and Ⅶ (P< 0.05).The apparent digestibility of CP in group Ⅳ was significantly higher than that in groups Ⅰ and Ⅱ (P< 0.05).③ There were no significant differences in the contents of IgG,IgA and IgM of serum among all groups (P> 0.05),the spleen index in group Ⅳ was significantly higher than that in groups Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ and Ⅴ (P< 0.05).④There were no significant differences in the slaughter rate,half eviscerated slaughter rate and all eviscerated slaughter rate among all groups (P> 0.05).In summary,adding compound Chinese medicine and antibiotics in the feed both could improve the growth performance,nutrients apparent digestibility,immune function and slaughter performance of weaning Rex rabbits,and the appropriate compound Chinese medicine level in the diet of weaning Rex rabbits was 2%.     

外源酶对大熊猫日粮营养物质消化率影响的研究

应用外源性复合酶制剂对移地保护大熊猫进行消化试验。结果表明 ,在日粮中添喂 0 15 %或 0 30 %的营养性复合酶或纤维素复合酶均能显著提高大熊猫对日粮各营养物质的消化率 ,其中 ,对日粮粗蛋白质和氨基酸的消化率 ,添喂 0 30 %的营养性复合酶的效果优于添喂 0 15 %水平的营养性复合酶的效果 ;对日粮粗脂肪的消化率 ,添喂 0 15 %水平的营养性复合酶的效果优于添喂 0 30 %水平的效果 ;大熊猫对日粮纤维素、半纤维素、NDF、ADF的消化率 ,添喂纤维素复合酶的效果极显著 ,而且 ,随添喂水平的提高 (0 15 %～ 0 30 % ) ,其日粮纤维素等物质的消化率亦随之显著提高 ;添喂营养性复合酶 ,纤维素等物质也获得了良好的助消化作用。     

“好壮肽”对仔猪生产性能和饲粮养分消化率的影响

本试验旨在考察添加不同水平"好壮肽"对仔猪生产性能和饲粮养分消化率的影响。试验选取初始体重为10.50±0.19kg的健康DLY断奶仔猪108头,分为6个处理,每个处理设3个重复,每个重复6头猪,分别饲喂添加有0、0.5%、1.0%、1.5%、2.0%、2.5%好壮肽的饲粮。试验期28d,并在饲养试验内的第3周进行为期4d消化试验。试验结果表明:在饲粮中添加不同水平的好壮肽促进了仔猪的生长,提高了饲粮蛋白质和钙的表观消化率。同时,好壮肽促进仔猪生长与平均日采食量和钙表观消化率提高密切有关。在本试验条件下,添加2.0%的好壮肽对仔猪生产性能和养殖效益的提升最佳。通过经济效益分析发现,在商业保育饲料中添加2.0%的好壮肽,每头仔猪可新增纯利润24.1元,500头母猪场每年在保育阶段可新增利润24.1万元。     

饲粮中添加复合酶对仔猪生长性能、血液生化指标和养分消化率的影响

本试验旨在研究饲粮中添加不同水平的复合酶对仔猪生长性能、血液生化指标和养分消化率的影响。选取360头健康的35日龄杜×长×大三元仔猪,随机分为4个处理,每个处理3个重复,每个重复30头仔猪。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验1、2、3组分别在基础饲粮中添加300、500、1 000 g/t的复合酶(溢多酶A-F888S,主要成分为木聚糖酶、蛋白酶、甘露聚糖酶、纤维素酶、α-淀粉酶、葡聚糖酶)。预试期7 d,正式试验期30 d。结果表明:与对照组相比,试验2组日增重(ADG)显著提高(P0.05),耗料增重比(F/G)显著降低(P0.05),其余各组间ADG和F/G没有显著差异(P0.05);试验1、2、3组腹泻率显著低于对照组(P0.05);试验2组血清中总蛋白(TP)、球蛋白(GLB)和三碘甲状腺原氨酸(T3)浓度显著高于对照组(P0.05),尿素氮(UN)含量显著低于对照组(P0.05);试验2组的干物质、粗蛋白和能量表观消化率显著高于对照组(P0.05),其余各组间差异不显著(P0.05)。本试验结果表明,饲粮中添加复合酶对仔猪生长性能、腹泻率、养分消化率均有不同程度的改善作用,其中500 g/t的添加效果最佳。     

过瘤胃脂肪对林麝体重和日粮表观消化率的影响

选用20头年龄相近,体况良好的成年雄性林麝。采用完全随机设计分为4组,研究日粮添加过瘤胃脂肪(0,5,10,15 g/d)对林麝体重和日粮表观消化率的影响。结果表明:日粮添加不同水平过瘤胃脂肪对林麝体重无显著影响(P0.05)。对林麝日粮粗蛋白、有机物、中性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤纤维、钙、磷和干物质的表观消化率没有显著影响(P0.05);10 g/d组日粮粗脂肪和能量的表观消化率较对照组显著提高(P0.05),但与5 g/d组和15 g/d组差异不显著(P0.05)。结果显示,林麝日粮过瘤胃脂肪的适宜添加水平为10 g/d。     

Effect of Dietary Lactobacillus fermentum from Pig on Growth Performance,Nutrient Apparent Digestibility,Faecal Microflora Number and Serum Immune Indices in Weaned Piglets

This experiment was conducted to study the effects of Lactobacillus fermentum on growth performance, nutrient apparent digestibility, faecal microflora number and serum immune indices of weaned piglets.A total of 160 weaned piglets with an average age of (30±2) days and averge body weight of (7.85±0.68) kg were randomly distributed into 4 groups with 4 replicates per group and 10 piglets per replicate feeding basal diet, 0.1%, 0.2%, and 0.3% Lactobacillus fermentum supplementation diets, respectively.The experiment lasted for 35 d.The results showed that, compared with the control group, the average daily gain, the feed conversion ratio, the apparent digestibility of crude protein, calcium and total phosphorusin of Lactobacillus fermentum groups were all increased in varying degrees.The optimum supplemental level of Lactobacillus fermentum should be 0.2%, and at this level, the average daily gain was significantly increased by 8.70% (P<0.05), the F/G was decreased by 4.62% (P<0.05), the apparent digestibility of crude protein, calcium and total phosphorus were significantly increased (P<0.05), the number of faecal E.coli was significantly decreased (P<0.05), and the serum IgG was significantly increased by 8.39% (P<0.05).The results indicated that Lactobacillus fermentum supplementation could improve the immune function, growth performance, the apparent digestibility of crude protein, calcium and total phosphorus and reduce the number of faecal E.coli of weaned piglets.