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Enhanced Differentiation of Human Embryonic Stem Cells Toward Definitive Endoderm on Ultrahigh Aspect Ratio Nanopillars 下载免费PDF全文
Camilla Holzmann Rasmussen Paul M. Reynolds Dorthe Roenn Petersen Mattias Hansson Robert M. McMeeking Martin Dufva Nikolaj Gadegaard 《Advanced functional materials》2016,26(6):815-823
Differentiation of human embryonic stem cells is widely studied as a potential unlimited source for cell replacement therapy to treat degenerative diseases such as diabetes. The directed differentiation of human embryonic stem cells relies mainly on soluble factors. Although, some studies have highlighted that the properties of the physical environment, such as substrate stiffness, affect cellular behavior. Here, mass‐produced, injection molded polycarbonate nanopillars are presented, where the surface mechanical properties, i.e., stiffness, can be controlled by the geometric design of the ultrahigh aspect ratio nanopillars (stiffness can be reduced by 25.0003). It is found that tall nanopillars, yielding softer surfaces, significantly enhance the induction of definitive endoderm cells from pluripotent human embryonic stem cells, resulting in more consistent differentiation of a pure population compared to planar control. By contrast, further differentiation toward the pancreatic endoderm is less successful on “soft” pillars when compared to “stiff” pillars or control, indicating differential cues during the different stages of differentiation. To accompany the mechanical properties of the nanopillars, the concept of surface shear modulus is introduced to describe the characteristics of engineered elastic surfaces through micro or nanopatterning. This provides a framework whereby comparisons can be drawn between such materials and bulk elastomeric materials. 相似文献
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Hart A Gadegaard N Wilkinson CD Oreffo RO Dalby MJ 《Journal of materials science. Materials in medicine》2007,18(6):1211-1218
It is considered that cells can use filopodia, or microspikes, to locate sites suitable for adhesion. This has been investigated
using a number of mature cell types, but, to our knowledge, not progenitor cells. Chemical and topographical cues on the underlying
substrate are a useful tool for producing defined features for cells to respond to. In this study, arrays of nanopits with
different symmetries (square or hexagonal arrays with 120 nm diameters, 300 nm center–centre spacings) and osteoprogenitor
cells were considered. The pits were fabricated by ultra-high precision electron-beam lithography and then reproduced in polycarbonate
by injection moulding with a nickel stamp. Using scanning electron and fluorescence microscopies, the initial interactions
of the cells via filopodia have been observed, as have subsequent adhesion and cytoskeletal formation. The results showed
increased filopodia interaction with the surrounding nanoarchitecture leading to a decrease in cell spreading, focal adhesion
formation and cytoskeletal organisation. 相似文献
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The control of human mesenchymal cell differentiation using nanoscale symmetry and disorder 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Dalby MJ Gadegaard N Tare R Andar A Riehle MO Herzyk P Wilkinson CD Oreffo RO 《Nature materials》2007,6(12):997-1003
A key tenet of bone tissue engineering is the development of scaffold materials that can stimulate stem cell differentiation in the absence of chemical treatment to become osteoblasts without compromising material properties. At present, conventional implant materials fail owing to encapsulation by soft tissue, rather than direct bone bonding. Here, we demonstrate the use of nanoscale disorder to stimulate human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to produce bone mineral in vitro, in the absence of osteogenic supplements. This approach has similar efficiency to that of cells cultured with osteogenic media. In addition, the current studies show that topographically treated MSCs have a distinct differentiation profile compared with those treated with osteogenic media, which has implications for cell therapies. 相似文献
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Reboud V Khokhar AZ Sepúlveda B Dudek D Kehoe T Cuffe J Kehagias N Lira-Cantu M Gadegaard N Grasso V Lambertini V Sotomayor Torres CM 《Nanoscale》2012,4(11):3495-3500
We show how nanoimprint lithographic techniques are particularly suited for the realization of OLED device structures. We tested them to realize nanopatterned metallic electrodes containing photonic crystals to couple the light out and plasmonic crystals showing extraordinary transmission. At similar current densities, a two-fold electroluminescence is achieved with devices having double-sided structured metallic electrodes as compared to a control OLED with an ITO anode. The use of combined nanoimprint lithography processes has the potential to expand the performance range of various organic optoelectronic devices. 相似文献
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Jordan T. Maximov Angel P. Anchev Galya V. Duncheva Nikolaj Ganev Kenan F. Selimov Vladimir P. Dunchev 《Fatigue & Fracture of Engineering Materials & Structures》2019,42(1):363-373
One of the methods for increasing fatigue life of symmetric rotary metal components is slide diamond burnishing (SDB). This method is implemented on conventional and computer numerical control machine tools by means of simple equipment, which is its main advantage. The SDB basic parameters are diamond insert radius, burnishing force, feed rate, and burnishing velocity. The additional ones are number of passes, working scheme, and lubrication conditions. The effect of SDB additional parameters on the fatigue behaviour of 2024‐T3 Al alloy was experimentally studied. Groups of smooth and notched hourglass‐shaped specimens were slide burnished using different combinations of additional SDB parameters and then were subjected to bending fatigue tests. The residual stresses, introduced by SDB, were measured by X‐ray diffraction technique. The near‐surface microstructure of the slide‐burnished specimens was investigated. Based on the results obtained, it was established that SDB produces two main effects, which depend on SDB additional parameters. The essence of the macroeffect is creation of residual compressive stresses in the superficial and subsurface layers. This stresses retard the formation and growth of fatigue macrocracks and thus increase the lifetime of slide‐burnished components. The microeffect is expressed in modifying the microstructure of the surface and subsurface layers, correspondingly, refining the grain and homogenizing and reducing the pores in the material. Such microstructure is characterized by increased plasticity and fatigue crack resistance. The fatigue life depends on the combination of these two effects. Thus, the desired fatigue behaviour of the slide‐burnished component can be ensured through an appropriate selection of the governing additional SDB parameters. 相似文献
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Zhang Guangyi Tatti Nikolaj Gionis Aristides 《Data mining and knowledge discovery》2022,36(3):1197-1218
Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery - Submodular maximization has been the backbone of many important machine-learning problems, and has applications to viral marketing, diversification, sensor... 相似文献