Use of Sodium Lactate and Modified Atmosphere Packaging for Extending the Shelf Life of Ready‐to‐Cook Fresh Meal

In this work, the combined effects of sodium lactate and modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) in extending the shelf life of a ready‐to‐cook fresh skewer, made up of raw pork chops and semi‐dried vegetable mix (i.e. zucchini, peppers and tomatoes), were investigated. In the first experimental step, a sodium lactate solution was used to dip pork chops at three different concentrations: 20, 40 and 60% w/w. The second part of the work was focused on the use of MAP. In particular, the following MAPs were tested: MA1 (50%O₂/30%CO₂/20%N₂), MA2 (70%O₂/30%CO₂), MA3 (30%O₂/70%CO₂) and MA4 (30%O₂/30%CO₂/40%N₂). Finally, the optimal concentration of sodium lactate and the best gas composition were combined. The samples were stored at 4 °C; their microbial and sensory qualities were monitored along the entire observation period. The results indicate that the shelf life of the investigated ready‐to‐cook meal can be extended by approximately 83%, if compared with the control skewer packaged in air. The best preservation strategy is the combination of dipping of meat pieces in 40% sodium lactate solution and packaging under MA1. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Dendrimer as nanocarrier for drug delivery

Dendrimers are novel three dimensional, hyperbranched globular nanopolymeric architectures. Attractive features like nanoscopic size, narrow polydispersity index, excellent control over molecular structure, availability of multiple functional groups at the periphery and cavities in the interior distinguish them amongst the available polymers. Applications of dendrimers in a large variety of fields have been explored. Drug delivery scientists are especially enthusiastic about possible utility of dendrimers as drug delivery tool. Terminal functionalities provide a platform for conjugation of the drug and targeting moieties. In addition, these peripheral functional groups can be employed to tailor-make the properties of dendrimers, enhancing their versatility. The present review highlights the contribution of dendrimers in the field of nanotechnology with intent to aid the researchers in exploring dendrimers in the field of drug delivery.     

剩余污泥中磷回收的试验研究

以SBR反应器运行过程产生的剩余污泥为研究对象,采用MAP法对经超声处理后的污泥中的氮、磷元素进行回收研究。考察不同超声时间（10、20、30 min）、超声频率（40、80 kHz）和pH（7.0、8.0、9.0）条件下,剩余污泥上清液中氮、磷的回收效果,以期探求最佳回收条件。结果表明污泥在超声频率为80 kHz,时间为10 min后所释放的氮、磷量最大。在最佳的磷镁比为1.8-2.0条件下用磷酸铵镁沉淀法（MAP）进行回收,当pH值为7.0,反应时间为15 min时获得最佳磷回收效果,磷回收率可达62.3%。     

溶解结晶法制备磷酸一铵水溶肥

选取肥料级磷酸一铵为原料,采取溶解、除杂、一次蒸干或者浓缩重结晶的方法制得磷酸一铵水溶肥,通过讨论各工艺条件的影响,确定了较优的工艺条件:溶解温度96℃、溶解时间30 min、溶质过量1.1倍、沉降(60 min)+真空过滤。产品w(N+P2O5)≥60%,满足水溶肥料化工行业标准HG/T 4365—2012。此法开辟了粉状磷酸一铵新的用途,为於渣酸料浆法生产磷酸一铵水溶肥提供除杂依据和工艺参考。     

加压反应-自热浓缩工艺在粉状磷酸一铵生产中的应用

介绍甘肃瓮福化工有限责任公司粉状磷酸一铵装置采用加压反应-自热浓缩技术生产的工艺流程,并针对浓缩系统运行初期存在Ⅰ效下行换热器堵塞的问题,对Ⅰ效浓缩系统二次蒸汽的管路与设备等进行改造。改造后Ⅰ效浓缩系统的温度提高,换热器的结垢堵塞速度减缓,在有效利用反应热的同时延长了装置的运行周期。     

Characterization by culture-dependent and culture-independent methods of the bacterial population of suckling-lamb packaged in different atmospheres

This study offers insight into the dynamics of bacterial populations in fresh cuts of suckling lamb under four different atmospheric conditions: air (A), and three Modified Atmosphere Packaging (MAP) environments, 15%O₂/30%CO₂/55%N₂ (C, commercial), 70%O₂/30%CO₂ (O), and 15%O₂/85%CO₂ (H) for 18 days. Microbial analyses by both conventional methods and PCR-DGGE were performed. Controversial and surprising results emerged from comparing both methods in relation to the genus Pseudomonas. Thus, conventional methods detected the presence of high numbers of Pseudomonas colonies, although PCR-DGGE only detected this genus in air-packaged samples. PCR-DGGE detected higher microbial diversity in the control samples (A) than in the modified atmospheres (C, O, H), having atmosphere H the fewest number of species. Brochothrix thermosphacta, LAB (Carnobacterium divergens and Lactobacillus sakei), and Escherichia spp. were detected in all the atmospheres throughout storage. Moreover, previously undescribed bacteria from lamb meat such as Enterobacter hormaechei, Staphylococcus equorum and Jeotgalicoccus spp. were also isolated in this study by DGGE. Additionally, qPCR analysis was used to detect and characterize strains of Escherichia coli. Virulence genes (stx₁, stx₂ and eae) were detected throughout storage in 97% of the samples. A high CO₂ atmosphere was the most effective packaging combination doubling storage time in comparison with commercial atmosphere.     

基于符号的MAP算法的Turbo编码调制系统

将TCM技术和Turbo编码相结合，提出了一种基于8PSK的Turbo TCM系统结构，并可以推广到其它多进制调制方式中，同时提出了相应的译码结构和基于符号的最大后验概率的译码算法。计算仿真表明：其性能不仅比Turbo码系统更接近Shannon限，而且提高了频带利用率，可以广泛地应用于现代移动通信系统中。     

基于Turbo码的联合迭代解调译码

依据迭代译码的基本思想,研究了联合迭代解调译码原理与方法。在此基础上,给出了基于 Turbo码的迭代解调译码技术的实现方法、接收机的结构以及最大后验概率解调的实现方法。实验和应用结果表明,采用联合迭代解调译码技术,可有效地提高系统的整体性能。     

Steerable pyramid-based face hallucination

In this paper we propose a robust learning-based face hallucination algorithm, which predicts a high-resolution face image from an input low-resolution image. It can be utilized for many computer vision tasks, such as face recognition and face tracking. With the help of a database of other high-resolution face images, we use a steerable pyramid to extract multi-orientation and multi-scale information of local low-level facial features both from the input low-resolution face image and other high-resolution ones, and use a pyramid-like parent structure and local best match approach to estimate the best prior; then, this prior is incorporated into a Bayesian maximum a posterior (MAP) framework, and finally the high-resolution version is optimized by a steepest decent algorithm. The experimental results show that we can enhance a 24×32 face image into a 96×128 one while the visual effect is relatively good.     

远程校准技术纵览

远程校准技术是信息技术与传统计量测试技术相结合的必然结果。本文描述了远程校准技术的创建历史,发展过程及最新国际动态,以及在我国开展远程校准技术的实际意义、远程校准技术的优点,并详细介绍了美国、英国和日本开展远程校准技术研究的详细情况及一些对你的实际工作有用的应用实例。