Study of heterogeneously catalysed reactive distillation using the D+R tray—A novel type of laboratory equipment

Recently, novel equipment for heterogeneously catalysed reactive distillation, the D+R tray, has been introduced by Schmitt et al. (2009). The present work reports results of measurements of the separation capacity of D+R trays. Furthermore, results of reactive distillation experiments on two test systems are presented that show that the D+R tray can be used routinely for laboratory studies of heterogeneously catalysed reactive distillation. As test systems, the esterifications yielding butyl acetate and hexyl acetate were chosen. Reactive distillation using catalytic packings was studied previously in detail ( [Parada, 2008], [Schmitt et al., 2004] and [Schmitt et al., 2005]) with the same test system. The experiments of the present work are carried out so that a direct comparison is possible. For both test systems, the most important process parameters such as feed rate and mass of catalyst were systematically varied. High conversions of the reactants and high purities of the products were achieved. The reproducibility of the results is excellent. The study shows that the D+R tray is a novel laboratory equipment that facilitates fast and flexible investigations of heterogeneously catalysed reactive distillation processes and that it can be used for studying process designs of columns equipped with either catalytic packings or trays.     

基于最优重构的病理嗓音基频检测算法研究

提出了一种基于多级小波分解重构和非线性动力学参数的病理嗓音基音频率检测算法。首先对病理嗓音进行多级小波分解及重构,然后采用最大李雅普诺夫指数和近似熵表征不同重构嗓音的规则度从而自适应地选择周期性最优的小波重构嗓音信号,以直接提取基音频率。实验结果表明。与传统的基音检测算法相比,该方法有效地避免了检测中所存在的倍频及分频误差,提高了病理嗓音检测的鲁棒性及准确度。     

一种快速的超分辨率图像重构算法

基于稀疏表示的超分辨率(SR)图像重构算法需要求 解l₁范数优化问题,时间效率不高。 本文在该方法的基础上加入平移不变性约束条件,并且考虑到稀疏参数对重构结果影响不 大,对重构算法进行简化,避免了求解复杂的l₁范数优化问题,实现了一种快速的图像SR重构。数值实验结果表明,本文算法具有更高的时间效率。     

Optimized keyframe extraction for 3D character animations

In this paper, we propose a new method to automatically extract keyframes from animation sequences. Our method can be applied equally to both skeletal and mesh animations. It uses animation saliency computed on the original data to help select the group of keyframes that can reconstruct the input animation with less perception error. For computational efficiency, we perform nonlinear dimension reduction using locally linear embedding and then carry out the optimal search in much lower‐dimensional space. With this approach, reconstruction of the animation from the extracted keyframes shows much better results as compared with earlier approaches. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Representation of phase behavior of associating fluids using EOS

Associating fluids containing water and alkanols show a strong non-ideal behaviour on thermodynamic properties Simple cubic equations of state （EOS）. such as the Peng-Robinson （PR） equation, with conventional mixing rules are popular lbr its simplicity and eas3＇ implementation. However it is incapable of reliably representing the phase behaviour of associating mixtures. An effort has been made in this study to develop a new model in which the non-densit3＇-dependent mixing rules are applied to the PR EOS to represent the phase behaviour of associating fluids. The proposed model takes into account of the polarity in the attractive term of the EOS by including both the conventional random mixing term and the asymmetric interaction term. The proposed model has been successfully applied to the calculation of the vapor-liquid equilibrium （VLE） and liquid-liquid equilibrium （LLE） of fluids containing water, alkanols, acid gases, and hydrocarbons. A satisfactory agreement between the predictions of the proposed model and the experimental data in the literature is reached.     

基于改进型深度LLE和随机森林的人脸检测算法

针对人脸检测问题的特点,提出一种基于改进型深度LLE(Locally Linear Embedding)算法和随机森林相结合的人脸检测算法。首先,通过采集图像的深度信息,结合图像的颜色信息,构建三维图像信息数据库,再通过改进的LLE算法得到最优降维结果,按一定比例选取训练集,输入随机森林算法建立数据分类器;最后,将测试集输入到训练完成的分类器中,实现人脸图像的检测。选取Yale,JAFFE 2类数据集与传统算法进行对比实验,验证算法的优越性和可行性。实验结果表明:所提出的算法可以有效地完成人脸检测,检测率高于传统算法7%左右。     

应用相关近邻局部线性嵌入算法的高光谱遥感影像分类

传统的局部线性嵌入（LLE）算法需用欧氏距离度量近邻,但欧氏距离只表示两点间的直线距离,在高维空间中不一定能反映数据间的真实空间分布,导致近邻选取不稳定。针对此问题,本文提出了相关近邻（CN）LLE（CN-LLE）和相关最近邻分类（CNN）算法。提出的算法首先利用相关系数度量数据间的近邻,实现更准确的局部重构,提取鉴别特征;然后用CNN对低维嵌入特征进行分类。在KSC和Indian Pine高光谱遥感数据集上的地物分类实验结果表明：本文提出的CN-LLE+CNN算法比LLE、LLE+CNN和CN-LLE等算法的总分类精度提升了2.11%~11.55%,Kappa系数提升了0.026~0.143。由于该算法增加了近邻为同类的概率,便于更有效地提取同类数据的鉴别特征,且有更好的稳定性,故能更有效地实现高光谱遥感数据的地物分类。     

Optimization and validation of an extraction method for the analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in chocolate candies

Abstract: Chocolate is a key ingredient in many foods such as milk shakes, candies, bars, cookies, and cereals. Chocolate candies are often consumed by mankind of all age groups. The presence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in chocolate candies may result in health risk to people. A rapid, precise, and economic extraction method was optimized and validated for the simultaneous determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in chocolate candy by high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (GS‐MS) as a confirmatory technique. The method was optimized by using different solvents for liquid–liquid extraction, varying volume of de‐emulsifying agent, and quantity of silica gel used for purification. The HPLC separation of 16 PAHs was carried out by C‐18 column with mobile phase composed of acetonitrile : water (70 : 30) in isocratic mode with runtime of 20 min. Limit of detection, limit of quantification (LOQ), and correlation coefficients were found in the range of 0.3 to 4ng g^?1, 0.9 to 12ng g^?1, and 0.9109 to 0.9952, respectively. The exploration of 25 local chocolate candy samples for the presence of PAHs showed the mean content of benzo[a]pyrene as 1.62 ng g^?1, which representing the need to evaluate effective measures to prevent more severe PAHs contamination in chocolate candies in future. Practical Application: Chocolate is one of the most favorite food items among people, especially children. Chocolate candies are often consumed by mankind of all age groups. Chocolate candies are often consumed by children in large quantities. The presence PAHs in chocolate candies may result in health risk to people. In the present study, a precise and cost effective rapid method was employed for the determination of PAHs, which can be employed for daily routine analysis of PAHs in chocolate products.     

采用局部线性嵌入的稀疏目标跟踪方法

目标跟踪是从复杂的背景中辨认出运动目标,并且对目标进行准确且连续的追踪。如何在遮挡、形变、背景复杂的条件下鲁棒性跟踪目标仍是亟待解决的问题。针对遮挡和形变问题,提出一种局部线性嵌入(LLE)和稀疏表示的算法来有效的学习外观模板。其中LLE是流形学习的一种典型算法。在该算法中每个点的近邻权值在平移、旋转、伸缩变化下是保持不变的,因此可以用来提取目标的本质特征,发现数据的内在规律。算法首先采用局部线性嵌入提取低维特征,提取后的特征作为基向量与琐碎模板组成稀疏原型,稀疏原型用于模板的更新。算法保持了原有稀疏跟踪方法对遮挡处理的优势,同时对目标形变有较好的稳健性。实验结果表明,跟踪算法比其他7个常用的算法在9个视频序列中有较好的鲁棒性能。     

甲基环己烷－苯－DMF－水液液平衡的研究

采用作者设计的液液平衡釜，于常压下测定了甲基环己烷（１）－ＤＭＦ（２）二元系（２０．０～４７．９℃）的互溶度数据，以及常压、２０．Ｏ℃和３５．Ｏ℃下甲基环己烷（１）－苯（２）－ＤＭＦ（３）三元系和甲基环己烷（１）－苯（２）－ＤＭＦ（３）－水（４）（ＤＭＦ／Ｈ２Ｏ＝４∶１，ｍａｓｓ比）四元系的ＬＬＥ数据。