谷氨酰胺对腹部开放伤合并海水浸泡犬肠功能的影响研究

目的 探讨谷氨酰胺对腹部开放伤后海水浸泡实验犬肠功能的影响.方法 30只成年犬致腹部开放伤,按数字表法随机分为海水浸泡组(对照组)、普通治疗组(常规组)和谷氨酰胺治疗组(观察组),每组10只.于致伤前及致伤后定时测定犬的血压、心率、呼吸、腹围、肠鸣音,取血测定内毒素、D-乳酸、双胺氧化酶(DAO)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素-1(IL-1)和尿乳果糖/甘露醇(L/M),24 h后取小肠组织进行病理检查并测量肠黏膜厚度和绒毛高度.结果 与常规组比较,观察组平均动脉压、心率、呼吸、肠鸣音和腹围差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05),对照组与常规组、观察组比较,平均动脉压、肠鸣音差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05),致伤后12h和24 h时间点心率差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05),致伤后24h时间点呼吸差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),致伤后24h时间点腹围差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).内毒素:对照组与常规组、观察组比较,致伤后12 h和24 h时间点差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05),观察组与对照组、常规组比较,在24h时间点差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).D-乳酸:致伤后12 h时间点,常规组与对照组、观察组差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05),观察组和对照组之间差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);致伤后24 h时间点,常规组与对照组、观察组差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05),观察组和对照组之间差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).DAO:观察组与对照组、常规组比较,致伤后8h与24 h时间点差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).TNF-α:观察组与对照组、常规组比较,致伤后12 h与24 h时间点差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).IL-1:致伤后12 h时间点,常规组[(8.71±3.13)ng/L]与对照组[(7.40±2.71)ng/L]、观察组[(6.34±1.83)ng/L]差异均有统计学差异(P＜0.05),观察组和对照组差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);致伤后24 h时间点,观察组[(7.44±3.11)ng/L]与对照组[(9.91±3.18)ng/L]、常规组[(10.12±2.25)ng/L]差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).尿L/M值:观察组(0.10±0.06)与对照组(1.07±0.04)、常规组(1.09±0.09)差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).病理结果:观察组光镜下肠黏膜可见轻度水肿,与常规组、对照组比较明显减轻;观察组小肠黏膜厚度和绒毛高度与常规组比较差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05);对照组与常规组比较差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 谷氨酰胺对腹部外伤后海水浸泡导致的肠功能损伤有明确的治疗作用.     

还原型谷胱甘肽联合甘草酸二铵对腹部开放伤后海水浸泡犬肝功能损伤的治疗作用

Objective To investigate effect of reduced glutathione and diammonium glycyrrhizinate on the treatment of hepatic damage in experimental dogs following open abdominal injuries coupled with seawater immersion. Methods Twenty-four dogs with open abdominal injuries were randomly divided into 3 groups: the control group (given with simple observation after 1.5 h seawater immersion); the routine treatment group (given routine care and fluid transfusion after 1.5 h seawater immersion) ; the hepatic treatment group (given routine are, fluid transfusion and hepatic treatment as well, after 1.5 h seawater immersion). Each group consisted of 8 dogs. Blood samples were taken at different time points to measure total bilirubin (TB), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), prothromin time (PT), endotoxin, tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and pathological examination was also made at the same time. Results For the control group, contents of TB, ALT, AST and LDH increased significantly and survival time was less than 24 hours. Contents of TB, ALT, AST and LDH of the routine treatment group also increased significantly, but survival time of all the experimental animals was mere than 24 hours. Reduced glutathione and diammonium glycyrrhizinate could reduce the extent of lesion quite significantly 12～24 hours following open abdominal injuries. Conclusions Reduced glutathione and diammonium glycyrrhizinate seemed to have good effects on the treatment and prevention against hepatic damage induced by trauma coupled with seawater immersion. It could be used as a primary means for the treatment of such kind of hepatic damage.     

经内镜胆管支架或鼻胆管置放治疗胆管恶性梗阻的临床观察

目的 探讨经十二指肠镜胆管支架或鼻胆管置放治疗胆管恶性梗阻性疾病.方法 有29例胆管恶性梗阻患者接受治疗,成功26例;其中20例被放置塑料支架,6例放置鼻胆管.结果 插管成功率89.7%,并发症3例,其中2例急性胰腺炎、1例急性胆管炎,并发症发生率10.3%.术后1周血清胆红素由290 μmol/L下降到101 μmol/L.3、6个月存活率分别达96%及80%.结论 经内镜胆管支架置放或鼻胆管引流治疗胆管恶性梗阻疾病是安全、有效的方法.     

血浆灌流治疗腹部开放伤海水浸泡犬肝功能损伤的研究

目的 探讨血浆灌流对腹部开放伤后海水浸泡实验犬肝功能损伤的治疗作用.方法24只腹部开放伤实验犬分为对照组(海水浸泡1.5 h后打捞出水,单纯观察),普通治疗组(海水浸泡后打捞出水,给予一般的急救及补液处理)和血浆灌流组(经海水浸泡后打捞出水,给予一般的急救补液处理,30 h后给予血浆灌注治疗),每组8只.于致伤前及致伤后定时取血测定总胆红素(TB)、血清丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)、天冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、凝血酶原时间(PT)、内毒素、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白介素-6(IL-6),同时对肝组织进行病理检查.结果 对照组和普通治疗组血清TB、ALT、AST和LDH明显升高,血浆灌流组灌流后ALT、AST、LDH、TB、内毒素、TNF-α比灌流前明显下降(P<0.05),血细胞、血小板数量与普通治疗组比较明显下降.结论 血浆灌流对外伤后海水浸泡导致的实验犬肝功能损伤的治疗效果良好,此法可应用于该类肝损害的治疗.     

还原型谷胱甘肽联合甘草酸二铵对腹部开放伤后海水浸泡犬肝功能损伤的治疗作用

Objective To investigate effect of reduced glutathione and diammonium glycyrrhizinate on the treatment of hepatic damage in experimental dogs following open abdominal injuries coupled with seawater immersion. Methods Twenty-four dogs with open abdominal injuries were randomly divided into 3 groups: the control group (given with simple observation after 1.5 h seawater immersion); the routine treatment group (given routine care and fluid transfusion after 1.5 h seawater immersion) ; the hepatic treatment group (given routine are, fluid transfusion and hepatic treatment as well, after 1.5 h seawater immersion). Each group consisted of 8 dogs. Blood samples were taken at different time points to measure total bilirubin (TB), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), prothromin time (PT), endotoxin, tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and pathological examination was also made at the same time. Results For the control group, contents of TB, ALT, AST and LDH increased significantly and survival time was less than 24 hours. Contents of TB, ALT, AST and LDH of the routine treatment group also increased significantly, but survival time of all the experimental animals was mere than 24 hours. Reduced glutathione and diammonium glycyrrhizinate could reduce the extent of lesion quite significantly 12～24 hours following open abdominal injuries. Conclusions Reduced glutathione and diammonium glycyrrhizinate seemed to have good effects on the treatment and prevention against hepatic damage induced by trauma coupled with seawater immersion. It could be used as a primary means for the treatment of such kind of hepatic damage.     

还原型谷胱甘肽联合甘草酸二铵对腹部开放伤后海水浸泡犬肝功能损伤的治疗作用

Objective To investigate effect of reduced glutathione and diammonium glycyrrhizinate on the treatment of hepatic damage in experimental dogs following open abdominal injuries coupled with seawater immersion. Methods Twenty-four dogs with open abdominal injuries were randomly divided into 3 groups: the control group (given with simple observation after 1.5 h seawater immersion); the routine treatment group (given routine care and fluid transfusion after 1.5 h seawater immersion) ; the hepatic treatment group (given routine are, fluid transfusion and hepatic treatment as well, after 1.5 h seawater immersion). Each group consisted of 8 dogs. Blood samples were taken at different time points to measure total bilirubin (TB), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), prothromin time (PT), endotoxin, tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and pathological examination was also made at the same time. Results For the control group, contents of TB, ALT, AST and LDH increased significantly and survival time was less than 24 hours. Contents of TB, ALT, AST and LDH of the routine treatment group also increased significantly, but survival time of all the experimental animals was mere than 24 hours. Reduced glutathione and diammonium glycyrrhizinate could reduce the extent of lesion quite significantly 12～24 hours following open abdominal injuries. Conclusions Reduced glutathione and diammonium glycyrrhizinate seemed to have good effects on the treatment and prevention against hepatic damage induced by trauma coupled with seawater immersion. It could be used as a primary means for the treatment of such kind of hepatic damage.     

腹部开放伤后海水浸泡对实验犬肠屏障功能的影响

目的 探讨腹部开放伤后海水浸泡对实验犬肠屏障功能的影响.方法 实验动物致伤后随机分为对照组(n=10)和海水浸泡组(n=10).对照组致伤后直接观察,海水浸泡组于致伤后立即放入人工配制的海水中,于致伤前(0 h)及出水后4、8、12、24 h取血测定血浆内毒素、谷氨酰胺、D-乳酸、双胺氧化酶(DAO)含量.实验后取门静脉血、肠系膜淋巴结进行细菌培养,并取小肠组织进行病理检查.致伤后给予乳果糖/甘露醇(L/M)肠内注入,收集24 h尿测定L/M含量.结果 海水浸泡组血清D-乳酸、DAO活性呈进行性上升趋势,8 h后与对照组比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);谷氨酰胺呈进行性下降,12 h后与对照组比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01);内毒素升高,12 h后与对照组比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);24 h后尿L/M与对照组比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);门静脉和肠系膜淋巴结细菌培养,海水浸泡组出现大量菌落,与对照组比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).病理结果显示,海水浸泡组与对照组比较肠黏膜损伤明显,黏膜厚度和绒毛高度均显著减小.结论 海水浸泡可导致实验犬的肠道屏障功能受损.     

还原型谷胱甘肽联合甘草酸二铵对腹部开放伤后海水浸泡犬肝功能损伤的治疗作用

Objective To investigate effect of reduced glutathione and diammonium glycyrrhizinate on the treatment of hepatic damage in experimental dogs following open abdominal injuries coupled with seawater immersion. Methods Twenty-four dogs with open abdominal injuries were randomly divided into 3 groups: the control group (given with simple observation after 1.5 h seawater immersion); the routine treatment group (given routine care and fluid transfusion after 1.5 h seawater immersion) ; the hepatic treatment group (given routine are, fluid transfusion and hepatic treatment as well, after 1.5 h seawater immersion). Each group consisted of 8 dogs. Blood samples were taken at different time points to measure total bilirubin (TB), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), prothromin time (PT), endotoxin, tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and pathological examination was also made at the same time. Results For the control group, contents of TB, ALT, AST and LDH increased significantly and survival time was less than 24 hours. Contents of TB, ALT, AST and LDH of the routine treatment group also increased significantly, but survival time of all the experimental animals was mere than 24 hours. Reduced glutathione and diammonium glycyrrhizinate could reduce the extent of lesion quite significantly 12～24 hours following open abdominal injuries. Conclusions Reduced glutathione and diammonium glycyrrhizinate seemed to have good effects on the treatment and prevention against hepatic damage induced by trauma coupled with seawater immersion. It could be used as a primary means for the treatment of such kind of hepatic damage.     

早期肠内营养对晚期胰腺癌患者营养状况的影响

目的 探讨早期肠内营养对晚期胰腺癌患者营养状况和并发症的影响。方法 选择2012年1月-2013年12月海军总医院肿瘤科和消化内科收治的晚期胰腺癌患者68例,将其按照入院后24～72 h是否接受鼻空肠管置管行肠内营养支持分为肠内营养组（33例）和对照组（35例）。肠内营养组患者给予肠内营养粉支持,对照组患者给予普通流质饮食。两组患者在给予营养支持的同时,均给予同类肠道益生菌及镇痛等对症治疗。于治疗第1天和第30天时观察两组营养指标,包括体质指数（BMI）、肱三头肌皮褶厚度、上臂围|生化指标,包括空腹血糖、血清总蛋白、清蛋白、胆固醇、三酰甘油|肝功能指标,包括丙氨酸氨基转移酶（ALT）、天冬氨酸氨基转移酶（AST）和总胆红素（TBiL）|以及两组肠道并发症和感染发生率。结果 治疗前,两组BMI、肱三头肌皮褶厚度、上臂围比较,差异均无统计学意义（P＞0.05）|治疗后,肠内营养组BMI、肱三头肌皮褶厚度、上臂围均高于对照组（P＜0.05）。治疗前,两组血糖、总蛋白、清蛋白、胆固醇、三酰甘油比较,差异均无统计学意义（P＞0.05）|治疗后,肠内营养组空腹血糖、总蛋白、清蛋白、胆固醇均高于对照组（P＜0.05）。治疗前,两组ALT、AST、TBiL比较,差异均无统计学意义（P＞0.05）|治疗后,肠内营养组ALT、AST、TBiL均低于对照组（P＜0.05）。两组腹胀发生率比较,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）|肠内营养组腹泻、便秘、感染发生率均低于对照组（P＜0.05）。结论 早期肠内营养支持治疗可有效改善晚期胰腺癌患者的营养状况,降低肝功能受损、腹泻、便秘和感染的发生率。     

乌司他汀联合生长抑素治疗重症急性胰腺炎疗效观察

 目的 观察联合应用乌司他汀和生长抑素治疗重症急性胰腺炎的疗效.方法 重症急性胰腺炎38例,分为生长抑素治疗组18例,乌司他汀+生长抑素治疗组(联合治疗组)20例,观察不同方案治疗组患者的症状、体征、血淀粉酶、C反应蛋白、TNF-a、IL-6、IL-8的变化.结果 (1)联合治疗组的症状、体征缓解率明显高于生长抑素组(P＜0.05);(2)联合治疗组的血淀粉酶及白细胞水平和生长抑素组相比下降速度更快(P＜0.05);(3)治疗后两组的CRP、TNF-a、IL-6、IL-8均下降,但治疗后第3天、第5天,联合治疗组较生长抑素治疗组CRP、TNF-a、IL-6、IL-8值更低、下降速度更快(P＜0.05);(4)联合治疗组的有效率(90.O%)明显高于生长抑素治疗组(72.2%)(P＜0.05).结论 联合应用乌司他汀和生长抑素治疗重症急性胰腺炎,可控制病情发展,提高治疗有效率,值得临床进一步观察.