Statistical and Comparative Analysis of Tropical Cyclone Activity over the Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal (1977–2018)

A statistical comparative analysis of tropical cyclone activity over the Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal (BoB) has been conducted using best-track data and wind radii information from 1977 to 2018 issued by the Joint Typhoon Warning Center. Results have shown that the annual variation in the frequency and duration of tropical cyclones has a significant increasing trend over the Arabian Sea and an insignificant decreasing trend over the BoB. The monthly frequency of tropical cyclones in both the Arabian Sea and the BoB shows a notable bimodal character, with peaks occurring in May and October–November, respectively. The maximum frequency of tropical cyclones occurs in the second peak as a result of the higher moisture content at mid-levels in the autumn. However, the largest proportion of strong cyclones (H1–H5 grades) occurs in the first peak as a result of the higher sea surface temperatures in early summer. Tropical cyclones in the Arabian Sea break out later during the first peak and activity ends earlier during the second peak, in contrast with those in the over BoB. This is related to the onset and drawback times of the southwest monsoon in the two basins. Tropical cyclones in the Arabian Sea are mainly generated in the eastern basin, whereas in the BoB the genesis locations have a meridional (zonal) distribution in May–June (October–November) as a result of the seasonal movement of the low-level positive vorticity belt. The Arabian Sea is dominated by western and northwestern tropical cyclones by that track west and NW, accounting for about 74.6%, whereas the tropical cyclones with a NE track account for only 25.4%. The proportions of the three types of tracks are similar in the BoB, with each accounting for about 33% of the tropical cyclones. The mean intensity and size of tropical cyclones over the Arabian Sea are stronger and larger, respectively, than those over the BoB and the size of tropical cyclones over the North Indian Ocean in early summer is larger than that in autumn. The asymmetrical structure of tropical cyclones over North Indian Ocean is affected by the topography and the longest radius of the 34 kt surface wind often lies in the eastern quadrant of the tropical cyclone circulation in both sea areas. FAN Xiao-ting (樊晓婷), LI Ying (李 英), et al.     

热带气旋登陆维持和迅速消亡的诊断研究

采用动态合成方法, 对登陆后长久维持热带气旋(LTC)和迅速衰亡热带气旋(STC)的涡度、动能、热量和水汽的收支平衡进行计算和对比分析.结果表明: (1)LTC在陆上长久维持过程中, 其低层正涡度衰减缓慢并保持一定强度.STC登陆后正涡度减弱较快.(2)热带气旋登陆后涡度的收支主要取决于水平散度项、平流项和剩余项.散度项使LTC低层正涡度增加, 高层减少, 平流项和剩余项则使其低层涡度减弱, 高层涡度增加.总体而言, LTC自高层获得正涡度的补充, STC则没有获得环境正涡度.(3)低层, 摩擦耗散使LTC动能减少, 但动能通量辐合可补充部分动能而减缓衰减.中高层, LTC登陆后36～60 h动能收大于支, 动能的增加一部分来自于斜压动能制造, 一部分来自于次网格尺度.STC有类似的动能耗散, 却无动能补充.(4)LTC登陆后保持一定强度, 并从外界获得热量和水汽补充来支持积云对流发展, 而积云对流对LTC的维持具有正反馈作用.STC登陆后没有这一过程.     

柞水银铅矿地表径流沉积物中污染物相态分析

采自柞水银铅矿地表径流６个沉积物样品,用连续提取法提取了金属元素的５种化学相态（可交换相、碳酸盐相,铁锰氧化物结合相,有机质－硫化物结合相及残渣相）,测定了各相中铜铅锌含量,分析了其分布特征。结果表明,在河流沉积物中,铜主要以残渣相和有机质相存在,铅、锌主要为铁锰水合氧化物相和碳酸盐相。在此基础上,对矿山开采中环境影响进行了讨论。     

北山成矿构造背景概论

北山地区可划分为星星峡-明水-旱山微板块和敦煌微板块,二者以红柳河-牛圈子-洗肠井缝合带为界.古陆裂解初期的寒武纪浅海具有形成磷钒铀锰沉积矿产的有利背景;奥陶纪洋盆和弧后盆地具备形成海相火山-沉积岩系有关铜锌矿的有利背景,被动陆缘裂谷具备形成海相沉积岩系有关铅锌银矿的有利背景;志留-泥盆纪岛弧火山建造具备形成斑岩铜矿的有利背景;石炭-二叠纪陆内裂谷具备形成火山沉积铁矿、斑岩铜矿、基性-超基性岩有关铜镍矿的有利背景;各单元古陆壳活化重熔型花岗岩具形成钨锡稀有金属矿的有利背景.     

酚羟基从乙酰基保护到苄基保护的一锅法转换

在Lemieux方法的基础上，将应用于糖类化合物的方法首次应用到酚类化合物上，报道了乙酰基保护的酚类化合物，在苄溴、氢氧化钾作用下于四氢呋喃中回流通过一锅转化法转换得到苄基保护化合物；在有多个乙酰基同时存在条件下，通过调节氢氧化钾的用量来控制苄基取代的程度。该方法操作简便，收率较高。     

海洋环境预报电视节目制作与回顾

作为海洋环境预报公益服务的窗口自开播至今,经历了20年的风风雨雨,海洋电视节目的内容从单一性的项目到海浪、海温、海冰、风暴潮、海水浴场综合性预报,电视视频信号从复合、分量信号到数字信号,通过光缆采用基带的方式传送视频信号到中央电视台.     

农业地质学及其基本任务

农业地质学及其基本任务李英，张连昌（西安地质学院７１００５４）农业地质学是地质学与农业科学之间的一门新兴的边缘学科。它的中心任务是研究地质背景与农业生产环境之间的内在联系及其规律，为有效地发展农业生产提供科学的依据和措施（土地利用对策）。我国目前农业...     

西成矿田层控铅锌矿床稳定同位素和包裹体研究

采自西成矿田铅锌矿床的98个硫化物和硫酸盐样品(闪锌矿、方铅矿、黄铁矿、磁黄铁矿、毒砂、重晶石)的硫同位素组成,δS~(34)都是正值,变化幅度+4—+28％(CD),并且在空间上具有一定的变化规律。10个碳酸盐(大理岩、灰岩、方解石)样品的碳氧同位素组成,接近泥盆纪海相碳酸盐的统计值。对200余个样品进行了均一法和爆裂法测温,求得矿物形成的平均温度约为230℃。结合包裹体成份数据,运用大本模式分析了矿床形成的物理化学条件。作者认为,层控矿床成矿作用中,温度梯度和压力梯度的存在,是一个重要的因素。     

不同构造带硅酸盐化学风化率的制约:气候还是构造?

虽然构造—风化-气候之间的制约关系仍然存在各种争论,但无疑的是,硅酸盐矿物的化学风化是调节地质时间尺度全球大气二氧化碳分压,进而保持地球表层气候稳定的关键性因素。目前最大的挑战在于如何理解地表制约硅酸盐矿物化学风化的因素,特别是当仅仅从气候要素变化难以解释长时间尺度硅酸盐化学风化率的时候。综合不同构造区内岩石物理剥蚀率和硅酸盐化学风化率的数据表明,不同时间、空间尺度硅酸盐风化率与构造和气候之间既存在相互耦合也存在矛盾的关系,仅仅归因于单一要素是不能得到圆满解释的。构造隆升区的强剥蚀可能是造成硅酸盐风化率增加的重要因素之一,但是将晚新生代地表系统的各种变化与各构造带（如青藏高原）的阶段性隆升联系起来可能是草率的。在不同类型构造带内,气候和构造对硅酸盐风化的制约并非是相互排斥的,特别是长时间尺度,因此“构造隆升-化学风化-气候变化”假说也正面临着全新的挑战。