如何应用科学方法对石炭二叠纪煤层围岩进行安全监管

安全监管方法是安全管理过程中关于思考、认识、解决安全问题的途径、程序和技巧的统称。而科学的监管方法不仅要挖掘传统安全监管方法的精髓,更重要的是结合煤矿实际创新监管方法,做到跨越事故周期的可持续安全生产。     

华北石炭—二叠纪煤系火山灰蚀变粘土岩夹矸中石英…

以简表列述了火山灰蚀变含石莫晶屑粘土岩夹矸的层位、分布及岩矿特征；论述了石英晶屑的晶形和晶习、包裹体的类型、粒度分布等标型特征；测定了熔融包体的形成温度和化学组成；亦揭示了该成因类型粘土岩夹矸中自生蛋白石、玉髓和玉英的赋存状态、赋存规律及矿物学特征。     

淮南煤田新集井田二叠纪系煤第Ⅰ、Ⅱ含煤段沉积环境初步分析

本文通过对新集井田二叠纪煤系第Ⅰ、Ⅱ含煤段中的岩石岩性、岩石结构、沉积构造,砂体形态、古生物化石及测井曲线等特征分析研究,指出了研究段应属的沉积环境,并阐述了该二层段的沉积环境与含煤性的关系     

Extinction pattern of reef ecosystems in latest Permian

Studies of two Permian-Triassic boundary (PTB) sections on top of a Changhsingian reef in Ziyun, Guizhou Province, southwestern China indicate that the end-Permian mass extinction of reef ecosystems occurred in two steps. The first step is the extinction of all stenotropic organisms such as calcisponges and fusulinids in the latest Permian (in the Clarkina yini conodont zone). The biota after the first extinction is simple, comprising eurytropic organisms including microgastropods, ostracods, and some small burrowing organisms, or only algal mats. At the beginning of the Early Triassic (i.e. the beginning of the Hindeodus parvus zone), the environments became anoxic, and the microgastropod dominated biota or algal mats disappeared, which constituted the second episode of the mass extinction. The biota after the second extinction comprises small spherical microproblematica, some kinds of specialized organisms tolerant of anoxic or oxygen-poor conditions. As the environments became oxygenated, the specialized biota was replaced by a microgastropod-dominated simple biota. When the environmental conditions improved further, the simple biota was replaced by a diverse biota with normal-sized ammonoids, bivalves, and gastropods, representing restoration of normal oceanic condi- tions. Comparison with PTB sections in Dolomites, Italy and Meishan, Zhejiang Province shows that non-reef ecosystems had a similar first episode of mass extinction in the latest Permian. In the case that oceanic anoxia happened, non-reef ecosystems had a second extinction episode similar to that of reef ecosystems.     

二叠纪-三叠纪之交微生物变化与动物集群灭绝的两次耦合

在地球历史中，动物集群灭绝后出现的微生物繁盛现象，主要是根据地层中保存下来的微生物进行研究的，包括其中的钙质微生物岩和微生物有机个体。但是，当保存状态很差时，微生物群落的定量研究就会遇到困难。为了避免这个问题，我们采用了类脂物生物标志化合物来研究中国煤山二叠纪-三叠纪界线附近的微生物群落变化。在此，我们报道一条反映微生物阶段性变化的生物标志化合物记录，它与高分辨率的无脊椎动物灭绝相耦合。     

中国发现二叠纪鲟形鱼类化石

鲟形鱼类是古老的原始硬骨鱼类之一,其现生代表大多为濒危鱼类,如生活于长江的中华鲟、白鲟等.世界上发现的鲟形鱼类化石中,英国早侏罗世的软骨硬鳞鱼(Chondrosteus)是迄今为止时代最老的[1].在中国,近些年曾于冀北、辽西中生代地层发现鲟形鱼类化石,如北票鲟、燕鲟、原白鲟、辽鲟等,其中时代最老的是产于北票中侏罗世的辽鲟[2].本文记述的鲟形鱼类化石发现于甘肃省肃北县.与新材料一起发现的还有大量古鳕类化石,包括吐鲁番鳕等.鱼类组合面貌与新疆吐鲁番的晚二叠世鱼群类似[3].这一新发现,是鲟形鱼类化石在古生代地层的首次发现,从而将这…     

Notes on the discovery of Permian Acipenseriformes in China

Acipenseriformes is a primitive group of Osteichthyan fishes. Most of its living representatives, such as Psephurus gladius and Acipenser sinensis of the Yangtze River, are fishes facing extinction. Up to now, the earliest fossil Acipenseriformes is Chondrosteus found in the Early Jurassic of England. Recently, many Mesozoic acipenseriform fishes have been discovered in northern Hebei and western Liaoning， China，such as Peipiaosteus, Yanosteus,     

渝鄂湘黔毗邻地区古冰川研究

在地质历史中,地球曾发生过震旦纪冰川、石炭-二叠纪冰川和第四纪冰川3次冰川活动。为研究和预测当今气候,按照岩石学原理和李四光教授创立的确定古冰川的3个标准,研究了渝鄂湘黔毗邻地区的古冰川事件,结论是该区只发生过震旦纪冰川;第四纪时不存在古冰川遗迹,没有发生过冰川活动;为温暖湿润气候。     

河北曲阳晚古生代植物群及古地理研究

在河北省曲阳石炭一二叠纪地层中发现古植物化石29属62种,包括真蕨纲和种子蕨纲、楔叶纲、石松纲、瓢叶纲、苏铁纲、种子化石、科达纲、银杏纲.此古植物群华夏植物群的特点明显,纵向上可划分成5个古植物组合;演化具有阶段性,组合的变化与古地理6个演化阶段相适应.