股骨近端外侧加压型锁定板治疗转子间不稳定性四部分骨折

目的评价股骨近端外侧加压型锁定板治疗转子间不稳定性四部分骨折的临床疗效。方法对我科自2005年7月至2010年5月收治的53例股骨转子间不稳定性四部分骨折患者进行回顾性分析。全部患者均采用股骨近端外侧加压型锁定板固定,运用颈干角、尖顶距等影像学测量指标和髋关节Harris评分评价其治疗效果。结果 52例患者获得平均9.1个月的随访,均获得骨折愈合。复位好的49例,可以接受的复位2例,复位差的1例。术后颈干角为93°～138°,平均129°;尖顶距〈25mm的47例,尖顶距≥25mm的5例。术后并发症包括髋内翻2例,损伤性骨化1例,大腿痛2例。按Harris评分标准,优29例,良19例,可3例,差1例,优良率为92.3%。结论股骨近端加压型锁定板具有符合股骨近端解剖形态、固定牢固、可抗旋转、手术灵活安全、手术时间短、失血量少及对股骨头血供干扰小等优点,是一种较好的固定转子间不稳定性四部分骨折的内置物。     

Congenital and acquired mesocolic hernias presenting with small bowel obstruction in childhood and adolescence

Objective

The objective was to present a case series of pediatric patients presenting with small bowel obstruction secondary to both congenital and acquired internal mesocolic hernias, and the use of imaging technology in the management of this condition.

Methods

A retrospective review of patients treated at the Yale-New Haven Children's Hospital for small bowel obstruction from 1998 to 2008 (n = 6) who presented with acute small bowel obstruction secondary to internal mesocolic hernias was performed.

Results

We present 6 patients with small bowel obstruction caused by congenital (n = 4) and acquired (n = 2) mesocolic hernias after previous surgery. The median age at presentation was 13 years. Small bowel obstruction with a mesocolic hernia was identified by preoperative abdominal computerized tomography in 3 patients (50%) and at operation in the others. The mean length of stay was 6 days, with no recurrent episodes in the follow-up period.

Conclusion

Small bowel obstruction secondary to mesocolic hernias, although rare, may be considered in the differential diagnosis of patients with history of malrotation or abdominal wall defects owing to their association with congenital mesenteric anomalies. This condition requires special attention from the clinician because of its catastrophic consequences. Imaging studies are an important asset because of the difficulty in making an accurate clinical diagnosis and the rarity of internal hernias.     

Herbert螺钉治疗Pipkin''''s骨折

目的评价Herbert螺钉治疗髋关节后脱位合并股骨头骨折（Pipkin’s骨折）的疗效。方法1994年4月至2006年4月，应用Herbert螺钉经Gibson入路治疗此类患者共11例。据Pipkin’s分型，Ⅰ型3例，Ⅱ型4例，Ⅲ型1例，Ⅳ型3例。结果11例均获得随访，随访时间6个月～12年。采用Epstein评分方法，优3例，良5例，可2例，差1例，优良率72．7％。结论Herbert螺钉提供牢固的内固定，对关节软骨损伤小，是Pipkin’s骨折较理想的内固定材料。     

Contingent and non-contingent effects of heroin on mu-opioid receptor-containing ventral tegmental area GABA neurons

Opiate activation of mu-opioid receptors (muORs) in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) modulates gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) neurotransmission within the mesocorticolimbic dopamine (DA) reward system. We combined in vivo extracellular electrophysiological recordings in anesthetized and freely behaving rats with intracellular Neurobiotin filling and immunocytochemistry to characterize the effects of opiates on VTA GABA neurons, evaluate their discharge activity during opiate self-administration, and identify the cellular sites for opiate activation. We identified a subpopulation of VTA GABA neurons that was characterized by location, spike discharge profile, activation by microelectrophoretic DA, and response to internal capsule (IC) stimulation. Systemic administration of heroin or microelectrophoretic application of the selective muOR agonist [d-Ala2, N-Me-Phe4, Gly-ol]-Enkephalin (DAMGO) reduced VTA GABA neuron firing rate (heroin IC(50) = 0.35 mg/kg) and was blocked by the muOR antagonist naloxone. Heroin also reduced IC-evoked post-stimulus spike discharges, a manifestation of gap-junction-mediated electrical coupling between VTA GABA neurons. The baseline firing rate of VTA GABA neurons significantly increased (239%) following the acquisition of heroin self-administration behavior and transiently increased during each response for heroin (105%), but decreased (49%) following heroin, similar to non-contingent heroin. Electrophysiologically characterized VTA GABA neurons were filled with Neurobiotin and labeled dendrites contained plasmalemmal muOR immunoreactivity. Dually labeled muOR dendrites contained dendrodendritic appositions characteristic of gap junctions. These findings indicate that inhibition of this population of GABAergic neurons by opiates acting on dendritic muORs has implications for modulation of electrical coupling between VTA GABA neurons and dopamine (DA) neurotransmission in the VTA and terminal field regions.     

外剥内扎加Y—V皮瓣肛管成形术治疗环状混合痔

为探讨外剥内扎加Y—V皮瓣肛管成形术治疗环状混合痔的临床疗效,回顾性分析225例环状混合痔患者分别行外剥内扎术（对照组112例）和外剥内扎加Y—V皮瓣肛管成形术（治疗组113例）的手术治疗效果。结果显示,随访6～36个月,对照组总有效率82．0％,创口愈合时间（22．5±5．3）d,术后Ⅱ、Ⅲ度疼痛103例,术后出血15例,术后水肿50例,肛门狭窄18例,复发20例;治疗组总有效率98．5％,创口愈合时间（14．7±3．8）d,术后Ⅱ、Ⅲ度疼痛87例,术后出血5例,术后水肿12例,复发7例。结果表明,外剥内扎加Y-V皮瓣成形术治疗环状混合痔具有疗效确切、复发率低、术后并发症少、无肛门狭窄等优点。     

经伤椎置钉单节段椎弓根钉治疗胸腰段骨折

目的探讨经伤椎置钉单节段椎弓根钉治疗胸腰椎骨折的适应症及临床疗效。方法 2008年7月至2010年7月,对14例胸腰椎骨折采用后路单节段伤椎椎弓根螺钉内固定、经伤椎植骨融合。经过5～29（平均16.8）个月随访,随访内容有术前后VAS疼痛评分、神经功能ASIA评分、术前、术后随访时椎体的高度、伤椎的后凸畸形,内固定物的状况。结果所有患者均得到随访,术后VAS疼痛分级平均0-1分,其中0分8人,1分6人,无需服药治疗。神经功能均恢复至正常;X线检查术后椎体高度恢复满意,术后伤椎高度恢复了96%,随访椎体高度丢失0.4mm,丢失率为1.4%。无内固定物断裂、松动、脱出,所有病例均获得骨性融合,无假关节形成。结论选择好适应证,后路单节段伤椎内固定是治疗胸腰段骨折的有效方法之一。     

后路病灶清除、椎体间融合及器械内固定术治疗胸腰椎结核性脊柱炎

目的探讨后路病灶清除、椎体间融合及器械内固定术治疗结核性脊柱炎的安全性和有效性。方法 17例胸腰椎结核患者接受后路病灶清除、椎体间融合和椎弓根钉固定术。采用Frankel神经功能分级和Kirkaldy-Willis标准来判断疗效,测量术前和术后Cobb角的变化。结果术后随访时间12～66个月。随访期内无结核症状加重及手术相关并发症。Frankel分级：术前C级4例恢复至E级2例、D级1例,1例无恢复;术前D级8例恢复至E级7例,1例无恢复。Kirkaldy-Willis标准：优9例,良5例,可3例,优良率为82.4%。后凸角术前3°～23°,末次随访时-6°～11°,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论对病变局限的胸腰椎结核,一期后路病灶清除、椎体间融合后路内固定术能够同时完成病灶清除、稳定脊柱结构,防止矫正损失,是有效的手术方法。     

可吸收钉棒治疗粉碎性桡骨头骨折

目的探讨可吸收钉棒治疗粉碎性桡骨头骨折的疗效。方法对21例MasonⅢ、Ⅳ型桡骨头骨折患者施行切开复位可吸收钉棒内固定。结果 21例均获随访,时间5～35（20.5±9.6）个月,按B roberg和Morrey的肘部评分标准评判：优6例,良13例,可2例。结论可吸收钉棒治疗粉碎性桡骨头骨折操作简便,疗效确切,不需二次手术,具有临床优势。     

内固定和人工关节置换治疗高龄不稳定性股骨转子间骨折疗效比较

目的：比较内固定和人工关节置换在高龄不稳定性股骨转子间骨折治疗中的疗效。方法：75岁以上患者97例,分别采用内固定（DHS、DCS、PFN）和人工关节置换术治疗,对其术后半年、1年和3年疗效分别进行比较。结果：术后半年、1年人工关节置换组疗效优于内固定组,术后3年两组疗效无显著性差异。结论：人工关节置换术对于高龄股骨转子间骨折的治疗,尤其是存在严重骨质疏松、骨折粉碎难以内固定者,具有一定优势。     

大转子后半截骨在髋臼骨折手术显露中的应用

目的 探讨大转子后半截骨在涉及臼顶后上部的髋臼骨折手术显露中的作用.方法 2000年1月至2008年1月收治32例涉及臼顶后上部的髋臼骨折患者,其中28例获得随访,男16例,女12例;平均年龄39.9岁(16～73)岁;新鲜骨折19例,陈旧性骨折9例.所有患者均采用大转子后半截骨入路进行显露,采用髋臼三维记忆内固定系统固定髋臼骨折及大转子截骨块.结果 28例患者术后获平均48.9个月(19～95个月)随访.根据Matta标准:解剖复位17例,满意复位10例,不满意复位1例.所有髋臼骨折均一期愈合,未出现骨折移位.所有截骨块均获骨性愈合,平均愈合时间为14周.无骨不连、截骨块近端移位、内固定松动、断裂及深部感染等并发症发生.其中1例患者髂腹股沟切口发生浅表感染,经定期换药后切口二期愈合;2例患者骨折愈合后出现内固定刺激征,术后6个月取出大转子部位内固定.外展肌力根据美国医学研究委员会分级系统评定:4级3例,3级1例,其余患者肌力末受明显影响.采用d'Aubigne & Postel 临床分级标准评定髋关节功能:优10例,良15例,可2例,差1例,优良率为89.3%.结论 大转子后半截骨入路能够提供可靠的臼顶后上部显露,可以满足髋臼骨折的复位要求.

Abstract：

Objective To explore whether posterior trochanteric osteotomy can provide adequate exposure to facilitate surgery for acetabular fractures.Methods From January 2000 to January 2008, 32 cases of acetabular fracture involving the acetabular dome underwent posterior trochanteric osteotomy for a better exposure to facilitate internal fixation with acetabular tridimensional memory fixation system(ATMFS).Of the 32 cases, 28 were followed up.They were 16 men and 12 women, with a mean age of 39.9 years (16 to 73) .There were 19 fresh fractures and 9 old ones.Results Twenty-eight cases were followed up for an average of 48.9( 19 to 95) months .According to Matta criteria, anatomical reduction was achieved in 17 cases, satisfactory reduction in 10 cases, and unsatisfactory reduction in one old fracture.All the fractures got direct bony union with no displacement or deep infection.All the osteotomy fragments healed within 14 weeks without any nonunion, proximal migration, loosening or breakage of hardware or deep infection.Superficial infection occurred in one patient but healed after regular dressing.Two patients had to sustain removal of the implants from greater trochanter because of irritation.According to the Medical Research Council (MRC) grading system, the strength of the abductors was of Grade 4 in 3 patients, of Grade 3 in one patient and normal in the rest.By the modified d'Aubigne & Postel scoring system, the excellent to good rate was 89.3%.Conclusion Posterior trochanteric osteotomy can provide an adequate exposure of the acetabular dome without such complications as nonunion, proximal replacement or weakness of the abductors which often occur after the conventional oblique osteotomy.