解剖型锁定钢板联合Lost K-wire技术治疗Schatzker B型尺骨鹰嘴骨折的近期临床疗效观察

目的 观察解剖型锁定钢板联合Lost K-wire技术治疗Schatzker B型尺骨鹰嘴骨折的近期临床疗效。方法 对2016年6月至2018年6月在本院骨科行手术治疗的13例Schatzker B型尺骨鹰嘴骨折患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。其中,男5例,女8例;年龄24～56岁,平均36.3岁;摔伤10例,车祸伤3例。均采用Lost K-wire技术结合解剖型锁定钢板治疗。结果 13例患者均获随访12个月,末次随访时肘关节屈伸活动范围105°～145°,平均(124.2±13.2)°;旋转活动范围100°～155°,平均(130.3±16.8)°。根据Mayo法评价术后患肘功能:优8例,良4例,中1例,优良率为92.3%。结论 解剖型锁定钢板联合Lost K-wire技术治疗Schatzker B型尺骨鹰嘴骨折能有效恢复并维持半月切迹关节面平整,增加关节面的稳定性,有利于早期功能锻炼,近期临床疗效满意。     

有限元评估尖顶距与股距尖顶距对股骨转子间骨折髓内钉内固定术后稳定性的影响

文题释义：尖顶距：是指术后即刻的正、侧位X射线片上拉力螺钉尖至股骨头颈中轴线与股骨头关节面交点的距离之和，并校正放大率后所得值，以毫米为单位。目前较为主流的观点是尖顶距值≤25 mm可有效减少拉力螺钉切出股骨头的可能性。股距尖顶距：股距尖顶距是在尖顶距的基础上提出的。正位片上，于内侧皮质做一条平行于股骨颈中轴线的切线，该线与股骨头关节面的交点至螺钉尖端的距离即为正位片上的股距尖顶距；侧位片上，为拉力螺钉尖至股骨头颈中轴线与股骨头关节面交点的距离；将正、侧位片上的股距尖顶距相加再予以校正后得到股距尖顶距的值。股距尖顶距更强调正位片上偏下的螺钉位置。 背景：尖顶距被广泛应用于预测拉力螺钉切出的可能性，但是一些临床研究发现在正位片上当拉力螺钉位于股骨头中心偏下的位置时更稳定，于是为了更准确评估拉力螺钉位置, 提出了股距尖顶距的概念，但是其应用价值还需要进一步验证。 目的：利用尖顶距和股距尖顶距的标准公式，将拉力螺钉放入股骨头内不同的区域，应用有限元方法对模型的稳定性进行评估并对比。 方法：利用CT影像数据建立左股骨有限元模型，用3D扫描加建模建立捷迈解剖型髓内钉内置物有限元模型，按照尖顶距15，20，25，30，35 mm将拉力螺钉分别放入股骨头内中间区域和前上、前下、后上、后下5个对应的象限，建立24个内固定模型。同时计算当拉力螺钉位于股骨头中间时对应的股距尖顶距，将拉力螺钉放入后上、后下、前上、前下4个象限，建立16个股距尖顶距模型。然后给模型垂直向下的力，比较以尖顶距和股距尖顶距为标准建立的有限元模型的稳定性。结果与结论：①以尖顶距为标准置入拉力螺钉，当拉力螺钉位于前上象限，尖顶距为35 mm时，股骨头最大轴向位移与无拉力螺钉时差值最小，为0.008 205 5 mm，当拉力螺钉位于股骨头后下象限，尖顶距为20 mm时，股骨头最大轴向位移与无拉力螺钉时差值最大，为0.023 524 0 mm。以股距尖顶距为标准置入拉力螺钉，当拉力螺钉位于前上象限，股距尖顶距为37.886 mm时，股骨头最大轴向位移与无拉力螺钉时差值最小，为0.008 794 1 mm，当拉力螺钉位于股骨头后下象限，股距尖顶距为25.256 mm时，股骨头最大轴向位移与无拉力螺钉时差值最大，为0.023 183 2 mm。②将拉力螺钉按照尖顶距和股距尖顶距的标准放入股骨头内，拉力螺钉位于股骨头中心偏后上方时，股骨骨折近端的最大主应力增高明显，平均值分别为82.339 4，79.118 8 MPa；拉力螺钉位于股骨头中心偏后下方时，股骨骨折近端的平均最大主应力值减小，分别为49.535 9，49.642 8 MPa。提示：在评估尖顶距和股距尖顶距对股骨转子间骨折髓内钉内固定模型稳定性的影响时，股距尖顶距并未较尖顶距表现出明显优势；股骨骨折近端的稳定性受到拉力螺钉位置的影响更大，当拉力螺钉位于股骨头下后象限时，稳定性最好。ORCID: 0000-0002-7707-3553(乔文) 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：人工关节；骨植入物；脊柱；骨折；内固定；数字化骨科；组织工程     

髓内钉与锁定钢板固定治疗肱骨近端骨折的Meta分析

文题释义： 肱骨近端骨折：指发生在肱骨近端、外科颈及以上部位一类骨折的总称。解剖颈是真正意义上的肱骨颈，是在肱骨头下方的一个收窄环。而外科颈，是肱骨近心端骨密质和骨松质交界的地方，这个地方是肱骨骨折最易发的部位，所以叫外科颈。位于肱骨上端与体交界处稍细的部分，解剖颈下2.0-3.0 cm处。 Meta分析：中文译为“荟萃分析”，定义是对具备特定条件的、同课题的诸多研究结果进行综合的一类统计方法。广义上的Meta指的是一个科学的临床研究活动，指全面收集所有相关研究并逐个进行严格评价和分析，再用定量合成的方法对资料进行统计学处理得出综合结论的整个过程；狭义上的Meta指的是一种单纯的定量合成的统计学方法。 背景：肱骨近端骨折是成人上肢骨折常见的类型之一，随着人口老龄化，肱骨近端骨折近年来发病率持续升高，而其治疗方法目前依然存在争议。 目的：用Meta分析的研究方法，比较锁定钢板和髓内钉治疗肱骨近端骨折的临床疗效。 方法：检索PubMed、Cochrane Library、Embase、中国知网、万方医学网、维普等数据库，收集使用髓内钉与锁定钢板治疗肱骨近端骨折的文献，制定文献纳入与排除标准，对入选文献提取数据，选择连续性变量(Constant评分、手术时间、出血量)和二分类变量(总并发症、术后感染、螺钉切出及内固定失效、肱骨头坏死、二次手术、肩峰撞击)进行分析，作为Meta分析的评价指标。使用统计软件Stata 12.0对数据进行分析。 结果与结论：①一共纳入8篇文献，一共891例患者，对9项数据进行了分析；②其中在出血量(SMD=-1.82， 95%CI：-2.77至-0.87，P < 0.001)、手术时间(SMD=-1.47，95%CI：-2.13至-0.80，P < 0.001)方面，髓内钉组优于钢板组，其余结果2组差异均无显著性意义(P > 0.05)；③说明髓内钉在治疗肱骨近端骨折时，在手术时间、术中出血量上优于锁定钢板；在总的并发症发生率、各常见并发症发生率以及术后肩关节功能恢复上两者结果相近。 ORCID: 0000-0003-0064-0430(陈锦涛) 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：人工关节；骨植入物；脊柱；骨折；内固定；数字化骨科；组织工程     

国家、社会与内部三种审计合力探索及在卫生健康系统中的应用

在阐明了国家审计、社会审计和内部审计形成合力是党和国家战略决策的基础上,进一步明确国家审计、社会审计和内部审计的职能定位,探索三种审计的各自优势与局限以及形成合力的可行性、必要性,再通过国家卫生健康系统的相关实践,最终提出构建国家审计、社会审计和内部审计合力机制的建议。     

Characterization of Moyamoya and Middle Cerebral Artery Diseases by Carotid Canal Diameter and RNF213 p.R4810K Genotype

ObjectivesIt is sometimes difficult to differentiate middle cerebral artery disease from moyamoya disease because the two can present similarly yet have different treatment strategies. We investigated whether the presence of a narrow carotid canal and the RNF213 mutation can help differentiate between the two phenotypes.Population and MethodsWe analyzed 78 patients with moyamoya disease, 27 patients with middle cerebral artery disease, and 79 controls from 2 facilities. The carotid canal diameter was measured using computed tomography. The p.R4810K mutation was genotyped by TaqMan assay. A receiver operating characteristics analysis was performed to assess the significance of the carotid canal diameter for the accurate diagnosis of moyamoya disease.ResultsThe carotid canal diameter was significantly narrower in patients with moyamoya disease than in controls. The optimal cutoff values were 5.0 mm for adult males and 4.5 mm for adult females and children (sensitivity: 0.82; specificity: 0.92). Among the patients with middle cerebral artery disease, 18.5% and 25.0% of the affected hemispheres had the p.R4810K mutation and narrow canal (i.e., below the cutoff), respectively, whereas only 3.1% of those had both. Contrastingly, 68.8% of the affected hemispheres in patients with moyamoya disease had both these characteristics. Among the patients with moyamoya disease, those with the p.R4810K mutation tended to have narrower carotid canals.ConclusionsAlthough the presence of a narrow carotid canal or the p.R4810K mutation alone could not be used to distinguish those with moyamoya disease from those with middle cerebral artery disease, the combination of these factors could better characterize the two phenotypes.     

Biodegradable Polydioxanone Microspheres for Transcatheter Arterial Embolization: Proof of Principle

PurposeTo evaluate feasibility, embolization success, biodegradability, reperfusion, and biocompatibility of biodegradable microspheres (MS) made from polydioxanone (PDO) for transcatheter arterial embolization.Materials and MethodsUnilateral selective renal embolization of a segmental artery was performed in 16 New Zealand White rabbits with PDO-MS (100–150 μm and 90–315 μm). Animals were randomly assigned to different observation periods and underwent control digital subtraction angiography (DSA) and MR imaging immediately (n = 3), 1 week (n = 2), 4 weeks (n = 2), 8 weeks (n = 2), 12 weeks (n = 5), and 16 weeks (n = 2) after embolization. Kidneys were harvested for macroscopic and histologic analysis of embolization success, biodegradability, and biocompatibility.ResultsEmbolization was technically successful in 15 of 16 animals. One animal died of anesthesia-related circulatory failure. The 100–150 μm MS were injected easily through 3-F catheters; the 90–315 μm MS tended to clog with intermittent catheter obstruction. DSA and MR imaging showed successful target embolization in 13 of 15 animals. In 2 animals, the entire kidney was affected owing to catheter clogging, including a reflux of MS while flushing. Control DSA and MR imaging showed increasing vascular reperfusion with time. Macroscopic and histologic analysis revealed necrosis/infarction in areas in which embolization was achieved. MS were extensively degraded after 16 weeks, and overall inflammatory reaction was mild.ConclusionsBiodegradable PDO-MS induced effective embolization of target vessels while demonstrating good biocompatibility. MS increasingly dissolved at 16 weeks, partial reperfusion started at week 1, and complete reperfusion started at week 8, thus offering possible advantages as a temporary embolic agent.     

消法在小儿内伤咳嗽治疗中的运用

治疗内伤咳嗽要辨清热痰、湿痰、气虚、阴虚等,治疗时则要强调"消法"的运用。此法适用于痰、瘀积聚所致的顽固性内伤咳嗽,具体可分为"祛痰""化瘀""消积"三类。采用渐消缓散的方法,达到祛除痰、瘀以治病的目的。