喀纳斯自然保护区苔藓植物区系

根据作者近年来在阿尔泰山纳斯保护区的野外工作中采集的１０００余号苔藓植物标本,经整理鉴定,得知该地区有苔藓植物１６３,隶属４５科９５属,按种数多少为依据的优势科依次是丛藓科Ｐｏｔｔｉａｃｅａｅ,曲尾藓科Ｄｉｃｒａｎａｃｅａｅ,真藓科Ｂｒｙａｃｅａｅ,柳叶藓科Ａｍｂｌｙｓｔｅｇｉａｃｅａｅ,泥炭藓科Ｓｐｈａｇｎａｃｅａｅ,森灵藓科Ｏｒｔｈｏｔｒｉｃｈａｃｅａｅ,提灯藓科Ｍｎｉａｃｅａｅ和金发藓科Ｐｏ     

Immediate Effects of Logging,Mounding, and Removal of Logging Residues on Epixylic Species in Managed Boreal Norway Spruce Stands in Southern Finland

The immediate effects of bioenergy harvesting methods on epixylic species were studied in mature managed Norway spruce dominated forests in southern Finland. The treatments included logging, residue harvesting, and soil preparation as either mounding or mounding combined with stump harvesting. Altogether, 110 logs and 440 species sample plots on logs were inventoried before and after logging, and after soil preparation treatments. Logging decreased the cover and species richness in all epixylic species groups. The soil preparation decreased the cover of macrolichens, while stump harvesting was significantly most devastating both for cover and richness in bryophytes. We suggest that bioenergy harvesting critically affects the epixylic species, and therefore the use of less devastating methods and compensation for the loss of coarse woody debris is recommended on a landscape level.     

藏东南色季拉山苔藓植物垂直分布特征初步研究

【目的】研究藏东南色季拉山苔藓植物的垂直分布特征,为苔藓植物分布及环境适应性的进一步研究提供基本资料。【方法】在藏东南色季拉山海拔3 600～4 400 m区域,每上升100 m设置10 m×10 m的样地1个,每个样地内每隔2 m再设置1个50 cm×50 cm的小样方,每个样地内共设25个小样方,采集每个小样方中的苔藓植物样本并带回实验室鉴定到种,同时调查苔藓植物的生活型和生长基质,分析苔藓植物科属种、生活型和生态群落类型随海拔升高的分布情况。【结果】共采集到2 390份苔藓标本,鉴定表明,藏东南色季拉山共有苔藓植物29科78属151种,其中苔类5科5属6种,藓类24科73属145种,科属种数量随海拔升高呈先增后减的变化趋势。优势科为曲尾藓科(Dicranaceae)、真藓科(Bryaceae)、丛藓科(Pottiaceae)、金发藓科(Polytrichaceae)、提灯藓科(Mniaceae)和灰藓科(Hypnaceae),优势属分别是丝瓜藓属(Pohlia)、小金发藓属(Pogonatum)和棉藓属(Plagiothecium)。曲尾藓科和灰藓科在每个海拔均有分布,丛藓科、丝瓜藓属在4 400 m区域分布广泛,金发藓科、真藓科、提灯藓科及丝瓜藓属、小金发藓属、棉藓属在海拔3 700～4 300 m区域均有广泛分布。在3 600 m区域,藓类植物大多以土生和石生群落为主,生活类型以交织型和丛集型为主;在3 700～4 300 m区域,藓类植物以土生群落、岩面薄土生群落和树附生群落为主,生活类型以丛集型、交织型和平铺型为主;在4 400 m区域,藓类植物以石生群落和岩面薄土生群落为主,生活类型以丛集型为主;整个研究区苔藓植物以土生群落最多,湿生群落分布范围最窄、数量最少。【结论】随海拔升高,色季拉山苔藓植物具有明显的垂直分布规律。     

生态恢复先锋植物苔藓的耐旱性评价及应用

以东北常见苔藓植物为试验材料,人工模拟干旱胁迫环境,根据苔藓生理特性对干旱胁迫的响应,通过主成分分析法(PCA)和神经网络自组织映射(SOM)聚类分析法对苔藓进行抗旱性综合分析与评价,结果表明,各苔藓种类抗旱性由大到小依次排列为:葫芦藓>泥炭藓>真藓>小墙藓>大灰藓>山地墙藓>仙鹤藓>狭叶小羽藓>刺叶墙藓>黑扭口藓>提灯藓>大帽藓>曲柄藓>小叶藓>凤尾藓。     

湖南小溪国家级自然保护区苔藓植物区系调查

对小溪国家级自然保护区苔藓植物标本307号进行鉴定、分析，其共有41科，83属，152种和4亚种3变种。将保护区内的苔藓植物划分为12种区系成分类型。区系成分以东亚成分为主，占33．77％；热带成分所占比例高达31．76％，仅次于东亚成分；中国特有种比例高。区系成分的特点也体现了保护区所处的地理位置以及独特的地理气候条件。     

两种苔藓植物在建筑材料基质上的生长情况研究

采用对比实验的方法，对武汉市常见的青藓和尖叶走灯藓两种苔藓在多种建筑材料上进行了生长情况研究，运用SPSS回归分析，预测了未来可能的生长情况。结果表明：两种苔藓在生态砼和红土砖块上生长状况都比较好。通过苔藓在斜坡和树体上的生长情况，初步得出结论苔藓在垂直空间上可以生存生长，对苔藓的垂直绿化应用提出了合理的建议。     

贵阳市区树木附生苔藓植物的种类及大气净度指数

为了摸清贵阳市区树木附生苔藓植物的种类,为应用苔藓植物监测贵阳市大气污染状况提供参考,采用实地考察、定点取样和标本鉴定相结合的方法,于2011年8—11月对贵阳市树木附生苔藓植物的种类、盖度、频度等指标进行调查,并分析其大气净度指数。结果表明:贵阳市区树木附生苔藓植物共19科38属79种(包括亚种、变种),苔类植物4科5属12种,藓类植物15科33属67种;大气净度指数(IAP)为0.63～18.67;大气污染情况,白云区、金阳区为清洁区,IAP最高,为10.67～18.67;云岩区、花溪区次之,IAP值为3.05～9.54;小河区、南明区、乌当区的污染相对较重,IAP值最小,为0.63～2.53;狭叶小羽藓和鳞叶藓的分布范围较广、生长较好,可作为监测贵阳市区大气污染状况的苔藓植物。     

鄂东大别山苔藓植物资源研究

对湖北大别山罗田天堂寨、青苔关两地的苔藓植物资源进行了初步研究.结果表明,该区域共有苔藓植物33科67属152种,其中苔类6科6属8种,藓类27科61属144种,后者中有药用苔藓植物14科18属21种,园林绿化苔藓植物5科5属9种,环境监测与保护苔藓植物8科8属20种,五倍子蚜虫冬寄主(藓类)苔藓植物5科7属9种.并对该区苔藓植物资源的保护及开发利用提出了合理建议.     

喀斯特石漠化山区苔藓植物水分吸收特征

[目的]探究贵阳市花溪区石漠化地区5种优势种黑扭口藓(Barbula nigrescens)、美灰藓(Eurohypnum leptothallum)、卷叶湿地藓(Hyophila involuta)、小牛舌藓全缘亚种(Anomondon minor subsp.integerrimus)、北方紫萼藓(Grimmia decipiens)的水分吸收特征,为喀斯特石漠化地区利用苔藓植物开展水土保持工作提供理论支撑。[方法]采集样品120份,运用经典形态分类法进行鉴定;测定其生物量、饱和吸水率、吸水量、最大吸水速率(Vmax)、吸水速率常数(Km)和叶片展开时间。[结果](1)5种苔藓植物间的生物量、吸水量和饱和吸水率差异较大,最大吸水速率差异小;生物量为10.36~114.51g/m2;饱和吸水率为675.43 6%~1 125.41%;吸水量为98.21~766.13g/m2;Vmax为35.59~51.28g/(g·min);Km为69.97~101.99g;叶片展开时间为35.9~86.1s。(2)生物量和吸水量呈正极显著相关;吸水量和盖度、Vmax和Km呈正相关;Km和叶片展开时间呈负相关。[结论]在喀斯特石漠化地区干旱缺水的环境条件下,苔藓以独特的水分吸收和利用方式适应这种恶劣的环境。石生苔藓为适应该地区的先锋植物。     

The effects of habitat connectivity on cryptogam richness in boulder metacommunity

We investigated the effects of habitat patch size and connectivity on cryptogam richness on 288 calcareous boulders. The studied boulders were found to be a particularly suitable ‘metacommunity model system’ and allowed comparison of species richness among cryptogams with differing substrate specificity, life history and red list status. The dependence of species richness on boulder surface area was modelled using Arrhenius power model, and contrasts were analysed between connected and isolated boulders. Species richness was clearly related to boulder size, but the rates of increase of species richness with increasing boulder area (z-values) were highly variable among species groups. Highest value of z (1.17) was found for species with large propagules, and values around 0.5 were obtained for calciphilous and regionally red-listed species and z = 0.42 for perennials. The lowest value of z (0.27) occurred in calcicolous species while for all species, colonists, and species with small propagules the values were 0.3-0.4. The richness of all species was 11% higher on connected than isolated boulders, while connected boulders had 31% more of both calcicolous and regionally red-listed species and 19% more of colonists. The result suggests that in the investigated system that boulder size is a crucial determinant of cryptogam richness, and their spatial configuration in terms of connectivity may further contribute to cryptogam richness. The latter result lends support to the importance of metacommunity processes for the maintenance of cryptogam richness.