功能化石墨烯在生物医学研究中的应用

石墨烯以其独特的二维结构和优良的电学、光学、热学和机械性能,自2004年来倍受研究人员的高度关注,迅速成为材料、化学、物理和医学领域的热点研究课题.在简要介绍石墨烯基本情况的基础上,重点阐述了石墨烯在生物传感器、靶向给药中的应用.     

水-有机混合介质中电流型生物传感器对葡萄糖的响应

利用自组装单分子层(SAMs)/普鲁士蓝(PB)/壳聚糖(Chit)界面固定葡萄糖氧化酶(GOD),构建酶生物传感器,对传感器在极性非质子有机溶剂如乙腈(AN)、二甲基亚砜(DMSO)和N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)存在条件下的电化学特性进行了研究,考察了有机溶剂体积分数对传感器响应的影响。结果表明,传感器在50%(体积分数)AN中的电流响应可达到磷酸缓冲溶液(PBS)中的73%。传感器响应速度快、重现性好、抗干扰能力强,展现了高的灵敏度(57.3mA.M.cm-2)。该传感器用于血清标本中葡萄糖的检测,测定结果与市售葡萄糖酶光度测定试剂盒测定结果相吻合。     

Engineering Deinococcus radiodurans into biosensor to monitor radioactivity and genotoxicity in environment

Based on a genetically modified radioresistant bacteria Deinococcus radiodurans, we constructed a real time whole cell biosensor to monitor radioactivity and genotoxicity in highly radioactive environ-ment. The enhanced green fluorescence protein (eGFP) was fused to the promoter of the crucial DNA damage-inducible recA gene from D. radiodurans, and the consequent DNA fragment (PrecA-egfp) car-ried by plasmid was introduced into D. radiodurans R1 strain to obtain the biosensor strain DRG300. This engineered strain can express eGFP protein and generate fluorescence in induction of the recA gene promoter. Based on the correlation between fluorescence intensity and protein expression level in live D. radiodurans cells, we discovered that the fluorescence induction of strain DRG300 responds in a remarkable dose-dependent manner when treated with DNA damage sources such as gamma radiation and mitomycin C. It is encouraging to find the widely detective range and high sensitivity of this re-constructed strain comparing with other whole cell biosensors in former reports. These results suggest that the strain DRG300 is a potential whole cell biosensor to construct a detective system to monitor the biological hazards of radioactive and toxic pollutants in environment in real time.     

Engineering <Emphasis Type="Italic">Deinococcus radiodurans</Emphasis> into biosensor to monitor radioactivity and genotoxicity in environment

Based on a genetically modified radioresistant bacteria Deinococcus radiodurans, we constructed a real time whole cell biosensor to monitor radioactivity and genotoxicity in highly radioactive environment. The enhanced green fluorescence protein （eGFP） was fused to the promoter of the crucial DNA damage-inducible recA gene from D. radiodurans, and the consequent DNA fragment （PrecA-egfp） carried by plasmid was introduced into D. radiodurans R1 strain to obtain the biosensor strain DRG300. This engineered strain can express eGFP protein and generate fluorescence in induction of the recA gene promoter. Based on the correlation between fluorescence intensity and protein expression level in live D. radiodurans cells, we discovered that the fluorescence induction of strain DRG300 responds in a remarkable dose-dependent manner when treated with DNA damage sources such as gamma radiation and mitomycin C. It is encouraging to find the widely detective range and high sensitivity of this reconstructed strain comparing with other whole cell biosensors in former reports. These results suggest that the strain DRG300 is a potential whole cell biosensor to construct a detective system to monitor the biological hazards of radioactive and toxic pollutants in environment in real time.     

葡萄糖氧化酶复合物电极的研制

研究了葡萄糖氧化酶(GoD)和伴刀豆球蛋白A(ConA)复合物的热稳定性,计算了其在不同温度下的热失活常数k_d。实验结果表明,GOD-ConA复合物与GOD相比,可显著提高酶的热稳定性。应用该复合物制作的二茂铁媒介生物传感器,在室温22℃条件下,响应电流在10d后基本没有衰减。     

室温离子液体-血红蛋白基生物传感器的制备及其在测定氧气中的应用

制备并研究了室温离子液体和血红蛋白修饰电极的电化学行为.在磷酸缓冲溶液中,在HB/IL/BPG修饰电极上可观察到一对可逆的氧化还原峰存在,其氧化、还原峰电位分别位于0.014V和-0.038V(vs.A g/A gCl),室温离子液体——溴化1-(3-氨基丙基)-3-甲基咪唑对血红蛋白的直接电化学表现出明显的促进作用.进一步实验表明,吸附于电极表面的血红蛋白能保持其生物活性,对氧气的电化学还原表现出明显的催化作用,构建了定量测定氧气的生物传感器,方法检出限为4.23×10-8 mol·L-1。     

基于二硒化钼纳米球和杂交链式反应灵敏检测microRNA

利用SiO_2纳米球为模板水热法合成了二硒化钼纳米球,并以此材料为电极基底,电沉积上AuNPs后,进行交联链式反应进行信号放大,并结合过氧化物酶催化H_2O_2+HQ底液产生电化学信号高灵敏检测microRNA-21.结果表明:新方法在1.0×10~(-16)~1.0×10~(-10)mol/L的浓度范围内呈良好的线性关系,检出限为0.16fmol/L(R_(SN)=3).该传感器被成功应用于血清样品分析.     

压电石英晶体生物传感器及其应用

压电石英晶体生物传感器是一种将高灵敏压电传感器与现代生物技术相结合的新型生物传感器，适用于微量物质的精密测量。本文介绍这类传感器的基本原理、结构及其应用，并展望了压电石英晶体生物传感器的发展趋势。     

以萘酚绿B为电子媒介体的葡萄糖生物传感器的研究

首次采用了染料萘酚绿B作为葡萄糖氧化酶电极的电子媒介体制备电流型葡萄糖生物传感器．该传感器具有检测电位低，抗干扰能力强，灵敏度高等特点，其对葡萄糖的线性响应范围为1．5-18μmol／L，检测下限为0．5μmol／L及响应时间小于30s．     

葡萄糖生物传感器在有机介质中的特性研究

研究了β－环糊精与二茂铁主客体葡萄糖生物传感器在正丙醇、乙醇、乙腈三种有机溶液中的循环伏安响应特性,发现该传感器在有机溶液中的响应电流较缓冲溶液中增加;且有机溶液的浓度对传感器响应产生的影响,其最适百分比浓度分别为：正丙醇４０％,乙醇４５％,乙腈４０％;并探讨有机溶液对葡萄糖生物传感器产生影响的机理。