中国式现代渔业可持续发展的过去和未来

本文共分4个部分：1. 通过半个多世纪以来渔业总产量、水产品人均占有量和水产养殖占总产量百分比3组数据展示,直观地表达了中国现代渔业的重大变化。这些重大变化佐证了中国式“以养为主”渔业发展模式的实质性贡献,不仅为保障粮食安全、营养安全和生态安全做出了重要贡献,同时还颠覆了自1840年以来世界“以捕为主或捕捞独大”的近代渔业发展模式,“以养为主”已成为现代渔业发展的主要方向。2. 论述了激发中国式“以养为主”渔业快速、持续发展的驱动力,即超前的思想准备、坚实的科技支撑、正确的发展方针、清晰的发展理念,这4个方面对未来的发展依然重要。3. 保证中国式“以养为主”渔业稳定、持续发展的支撑点,包括独特的水产养殖种类组成和显著的渔业碳汇功能,这些特点仍然是支撑中国式现代渔业稳定持续发展的重要基础。4. 展望未来,绿色高质量发展是中国式现代渔业可持续发展的必需之策。大事之重是建设环境友好型水产养殖业,实施养殖容量规划管理制度,建设资源养护型捕捞业,强化限额捕捞管理制度和养护措施。为了保障渔业绿色高质量发展,需要加强渔业可持续产出的基础和应用研究。     

核桃举肢蛾的生物学特性及防治研究

核桃举肢蛾（Atrijugla，zskitauhei Yang）是引起核桃早期落果的主要果实害虫之一，落果率达52％。在四川南江县该虫喜生活于阴坡地带，略具趋光性，飞翔、交尾、产卵均在傍晚。幼虫期共5龄，雌雄性比1：1．14，果内危害30d-40d，发生情况受环境因子影响较大。     

阮元《研经室集》集外文辑佚(续)

《研经室集》是清代著名学者阮元的文集,卷次浩繁,随所增补,散佚之文不在少数。《〈研经室集〉集外文辑佚》已经作了部分辑佚,这里将续有所得之文裒集在一起,文章分为三个部分:一是《阮元年谱》中所附《研经室集》集外诗文(包括奏折、疏牍、书信、楹联)等篇目;二是阮先《北湖续志》中所载《研经室集》未收诗文;三是散见于其他选本或者没有刊载入集的单篇文章。这些文章对研究阮元的生平、学术和文学创作具有相当的参考价值,也为编撰一部完整的阮元诗文集提供参考。     

Investigation Report on Linzhi Native Pig as a New Genetic Resource

Linzhi Native Pig is an unique local breed recently discovered in the hinterland of Tibet. Its geological distribution, natural environment and ecological conditions have been explored. Using random sampling in typical colony of classification and standard animal-scientific and biogenetic techniques, we examined its contour features, size and weight, reproductive performances, carcass characters, meat quality, freshkeeping features and the frequency distribution in the 19 structural gene loci encoding enzymes and proteins;according to folklores and Tibetan, Chinese and English history books, the materials and literature of Tibetan Studies, we have analyzed its origin; by visiting and requesting eminent Lamaists, practitioners of Tibetan medicine, farmers and herdsmen who self or relatives once treated with products from Linzhi Native Pigs, we recorded and summarized its application as a Tibetan medicinal material. Our findings make certain that Linzhi Native Pig holds great potential value in economy and culture.     

玉米小面积超高产创建及配套栽培技术研究

2006～2007年全国出现39块玉米超高产田,绝大多数集中在北纬40°～43°的高海拔地区,其特点是光照充足和昼夜温差大。产量在15000kg/hm²以上高产田的产量结构是79725～84630穗/hm²,每穗560～588粒,千粒重347～359g,穗粒重200g左右。高产配套栽培技术是生态条件优越地区,采用良种,合理密植,科学施肥和及时灌溉。     

Long-term Lysimeter Experiments - Findings from Brandis Lysimeter Station 2nd Communication

The goal of these studies was to evaluate lysimeter experiments performed over a number of years on the nitrogen cycle of different soil types to estimate the potential hazard of various types of farming usage resulting from N-leaching losses into the groundwater. The studies were carried out in monolithic lysimeters measuring 1m2 with a depth of 3m located in Brandis (near Leipzig, Saxony, Germany). The soils were four pedohydrotopes (Top a-d) characterised by increasing depth, usable field capacity (nFK) and sorption capacity. The average values calculated for the experiments lasting 21 years were as follows for the extreme pedohydrotopes a and d respectively: annual nitrogen losses - 85 and 185kg/ha; annual nitrogen leaching -51 and 5kg/ha; and leachate nitrate levels - 100 and 39mg/l. Viewed on a year-by-year basis, effects due to weathering and soil type outweighed the usage-related leaching risk. Organic farming usually reduces N leaching and the leachate N level below the recommended limits. However, ploughing in clover (usually carried out in autumn to improve the supply of nutrients in biologically dynamic organic agriculture) and also spreading stable manure combined with winter black fallow raised the level of nitrate in leachate above the maxima. Hence N fertilisation as prescribed by the computer program BEFU within environmentally sustainable land use does not appear to be sufficient to significantly reduce N leaching.     

蓖麻枯萎病研究初探

为尽量减少蓖麻枯萎病给农业生产造成的损失,通过对蓖麻枯萎病的症状、病原菌分离以及品种间的抗性差异、轮作与发病的关系及药剂防治等方面的研究,明确了病害的发生与品种及轮作的相关性,表述了某些药剂的防治效果,为相关的科研、生产提供参考依据。     

广东外语外贸大学白云校区园林植物群落多样性调查与分析

指出了校园作为城市园林植物的避难所,对校园植物群落进行调查研究有一定的积极意义。对广东外语外贸大学白云校区典型植物群落进行取样调查,计算了样地的物种多样性指数、均匀度指数和丰富度指数,综合分析群落类型、种类密度、冠幅等对群落景观的影响。结果表明：该校区的绿地植物群落类型以常绿乔木为主,落叶乔木次之,部分群落结构简单,植物群落种植密度过高,群落物种中外来植物的比例较大,但绿地植物与植物区系特征基本一致。相对于湖南长沙中南大学的物种多样性较高、均匀度指数略低、丰富度指数基本持平,根据以上情况提出了优化园林植物群落结构、构建多样性植物群落的措施。     

粮食生产标兵县粮食生产资源利用效率研究

粮食生产标兵县是国家产粮大县的精华和国家粮食安全的体现。在城市化进程不断加快的背景下,粮食生产标兵县粮食生产资源利用效率直接关系着国家粮食安全。文章应用层次分析法、因子分析法和聚类分析法,选择粮食主产区山东省6个粮食生产标兵县、378个粮农成本数据作为研究的样本,构建了包括三层指标的评价体系,具体分析了标兵县粮食生产资源利用效率及其变化趋势,得出了研究结论,并探讨了政策指向,即未来中央政府粮食生产激励政策的重点应转向产粮大县,激励产粮大县农民粮食生产规模化和机械化,普及良种,提高灌溉水平,依靠农业技术进步充分挖掘要素生产力,全面提高粮食生产资源利用效率,进一步提高补贴力度与效率,在产粮大县实施更为严厉的耕地利用与保护政策,从而保障国家粮食安全的稳定性与恒久性。     

新型农村社会养老保险制度研究文献综述

我国自2003年开始探索建立新型农村社会养老保险制度(以下简称"新农保"),2009年10月正式试点推行。试点期间,积累了丰富的实践经验和文献资料。文章在查阅大量文献资料的基础上,对于新农保的焦点问题,如新农保启动的必要性和现实意义、新农保启动的可行性、新农保试点中存在的问题、新农保可持续发展思路等问题进行整理和总结,分析了需进一步研究的问题,并给出了最终评价。