Hydroxyls nests in defective silicalites and strained structures derived upon dehydroxylation: vibrational properties and theoretical modelling

Defective silicalite, an efficient and selective catalyst in the gas phase Beckmann rearrangement reaction, has been characterised by infrared spectroscopy and by molecular modelling techniques. We report a detailed IR study on the effect of outgassing treatments at increasing temperature on silanols bands and on framework modes. The effect of a temperature decrease up to 100 K (during the IR measurement) on the H-bonding interactions has also been investigated. The interaction of silanols with mesitylene, a probe molecule which cannot penetrate the channels, has been studied in order to distinguish between internal and external OH groups. Molecular mechanics and ab initio methods have also been used to model the structure and the vibrational features of a properly designed nest in order to support the assignments of the IR spectrum.     

Coloring effect of the organic hybrid of polyamide 6 and N,N′‐ethylene‐bis(tetrabromophthalimide)

Coloring study in organic hybrid of polyamide (PA6) and N,N′‐ethylene‐bis(tetrabromophthalimide) (EPT), where the chromophore was self‐assembled by hydrogen bonding formed between PA6 molecular chains and EPT compound, have been characterized by several techniques. CS930 double wavelength lamella scanner was employed to measure the change of color. The existence of hydrogen bonding in PA6/N‐N′‐ethylene‐bis (tetrabromophthalimide) (PA6EPT) was investigated with Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), the results of which were compared with that of PA6 with the same thermal history. FTIR spectra at room temperature revealed that there is essentially hydrogen bonding between PA6 and EPT. The crystallization behavior of PA6EPT affected by hydrogen bonding was studied by using FTIR. The temperature‐dependent behavior of both PA6 and PA6EPT was studied by temperature‐FTIR spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). With temperature increasing, changes in sensitive, high‐resolution absorbance spectra are observed as dissolve‐volatilizing thin film. Temperature‐FTIR results showed that the hydrogen bonding in PA6EPT attenuated and dissociated considerably at a smaller rate than PA6, that is to say, hydrogen bonding in PA6EPT is more stable than that in PA6. DSC showed that the melting temperature of PA6EPT and PA6 are similar. However, the crystalline degree and crystalline temperature and melting enthalpy of PA6 and PA6EPT are different. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 104: 594–600, 2007     

Structural changes and mechanical performance of recycled poly(vinyl chloride) bottles exposed to ultraviolet light at 313 nm

The structural changes and mechanical performance of virgin poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) bottle (VB) compounds blended with postconsumer PVC bottles collected from a specified factory (RB‐F) and houses (RB‐H), were examined before and after UV irradiation at 313‐nm UV wavelength for different periods of time up to 28 days. The results indicated that, when exposed to UV light, the RB‐F/VB blends containing greater conjugated double bonds with higher yellowness index appeared to exhibit better mechanical performance than that of the RB‐H/VB blends. It was found that the amount of conjugated double bonds was not a linear function of the discoloration level of PVC compounds. Tensile strength of the VB compounds was not affected when incorporated with RB‐F recyclate, but progressively decreased with increasing RB‐H recyclate. An optimum concentration for RB recyclates to be added into the virgin compound was recommended for obtaining a maximum impact strength. Both tensile and impact strengths decreased with increasing UV exposure time, a severe degradation being obvious after a UV exposure time of 21 days. Hardness was not affected significantly by the addition of PVC recyclate, but increased with increasing UV exposure time. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 92: 84–94, 2004     

Zinc Coated Steel/Epoxy Adhesive Systems: Investigation of the Interfacial Zone by FTIR Spectroscopy

The present study takes advantage of the ability of Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) for the analysis of ultrathin organic films on metals. FTIR in the reflection mode (IRRAS) is used in order to study the interaction of ultrathin films of dicyandiamide (hardener of most one-pack epoxy resins) with various substrates, model ones such as gold or zinc and industrial ones such as steel and zinc-coated steels.

Pure zinc surfaces and, to a lesser extent, zinc-coated steels are shown to react with dicyandiamide after heating at 180°C, as evidenced by the frequency shift of the absorption band (at about 2200 cm^-1) characteristic for nitrile groups. As real systems consist of thick layers of a fully formulated adhesive cured onto a metallic substrate, the direct investigation of such a buried interphase is no longer possible by FTIR and by most of the known spectroscopies. Some mechanically tested specimens are then analysed, after failure, by FTIR microspectrometry. The spectra obtained, corresponding to the fracture initiation zone which is about 100 μm in diameter, advocate for the presence of an ultrathin layer of modified polymer still covering the substrate.     

SDS对溶菌酶溶液乳化作用的影响研究

本文研究了溶菌酶（Lysozyme）溶液中加入SDS8以后对正辛烷乳化作用的变化规律，结合FTIR的测定结果，从结构万面解释了蛋白质乳化作用变化的原因．     

端氨基树枝状大分子/环氧树脂体系固化动力学的FTIR研究

用傅立叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)法研究了双酚A二缩水甘油醚环氧树脂(GEBA)用低代端氨基聚(酯-胺)树枝状大分子G1.0(NH2)3、G1.5(NH2)8和聚(胺-酰胺)树枝状大分子PAMAM1.0(NH2)4作为固化剂的等温固化动力学,得到了不同温度下转化率与固化时间及反应速率与固化时间的关系.与小分子固化剂相比,端氨基树枝状大分子作固化剂时环氧基转化率在反应开始时增长得更快,较高代树枝状大分子在高温下固化环氧树脂时尤其如此.在相同温度和时间下,PAMAM1.0(NH2)4/DGEBA、G1.0(NH2)3/DGEBA、G1.5(NH2)8/DGEBA体系的转化率依次增大.进一步估算了3个体系在一定转化率下的固化反应表观活化能.在相同转化率时,用G1.5(NH2)8、PAMAM1.0(NH2)4、G1.0(NH2)3作固化剂的体系表观活化能依次减小.     

Preadhesion Laser Treatment of Aluminum Surfaces

An excimer laser may be used for preadhesion treatment of aluminum alloys. This method presents an alternative to the use of ecologically unfriendly chemicals involved in conventional anodizing pretreatments.

Experimental results indicate that preadhesion laser surface treatment significantly improved the shear strength of modified-epoxy bonded aluminum specimens compared with untreated and anodized substrates. The best results were obtained with laser energy of about 0.2 J/Pulse/cm² where single lap shear strength was improved by 600-700% compared with that of untreated Al alloy, and by 40% compared with chromic acid anodizing pretreatment.

The mode of failure changed from adhesive to cohesive as the number of laser pulses increased during treatment. The latter phenomenon has been correlated with morphology changes as revealed by electron microscopy, and chemical modification as indicated by Auger and infrared spectroscopy.

It can be concluded that the excimer laser has potential as a precise, clean and simple preadhesion treatment of Al alloys.     

聚砜酰胺的分子量对其超滤膜性能的影响——Ⅲ.热性能

对不同分子量的PSA 材料和由其制成的超滤膜的TGA、DSC 及FTIR 研究表明,PSA 会以氢键的形式吸附水份,被吸附的水份主要以单分子形式存在,双聚或多聚的也有,但较少;并且在温度升到40℃左右将全部游离出来,在120℃左右则全部气化离开PSA。PSA 材料在400℃以上才开始分解,其耐热性能随分子量的增大而降低。凝胶浴不同对PSA 膜的晶态影响不大。     

用FTIR研究聚氨酯／不饱和聚酯IPN体系的反应动力学

利用傅里叶变换红外光谱研究聚氨酯不饱和聚酯互穿聚合物网络体系的反应动力学，求出了ＰＵ的反应速度常数ｋ。实验结果表明，ＰＵ在半－ＩＰＮ体系中的反应为二级反应，ＩＰＮ体系中ＰＵ组分与ＵＰ组分的反应相互影响：ＵＰ组分使ＰＵ组分的前期反应速度变慢，后期反应速度相对增加；ＰＵ组分使ＵＰ组分聚合的诱导期明显缩短。ＰＵ和ＵＰ的配比对反应转化率的影响是反应前期ＰＵ组分含量越高，ＰＵ组分反应转化率也越高；反应后期，     

Use of laser scanning confocal microscopy for characterizing changes in film thickness and local surface morphology of UV-exposed polymer coatings

Laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM) has been used to characterize the changes in film thickness and local surface morphology of polymer coatings during the UV degradation process. With the noninvasive feature of LSCM, one can obtain thickness information directly and nondestructively at various exposure times without destroying the specimens or deriving the thickness values from IR measurement by assuming uniform film ablation. Two acrylic polymer coatings were chosen for the study, and the physical and chemical changes of the two systems at various exposure times were measured and analyzed. Those measurable physical changes caused by UV exposure include film ablation, formation of pits and other surface defects, and increases in surface roughness. It was found in both coatings that changes in measured film thickness by LSCM were not correlated linearly to the predicted thickness loss using the changes in the CH band obtained by the Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy measurements in the later degradation stages. This result suggested it was not a uniform film ablation process during the UV degradation. At later stages, where surface deformation became severe, surface roughness and profile information using LSCM were also proven to be useful for analyzing the surface degradation process Presented at the 81st Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, November 13–14, 2004 in Philadelphia, PA.