Design and analysis of research using time series.

Develops a time-series methodology for approaching data in a range of research settings and presents a design package using the time series as a method to eliminate major sources of rival hypotheses. A mathematical model with special considerations for application is offered which maximizes the utility of time-series data for generating and testing hypotheses. (21 ref.) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Effects of phosphate on uranium(VI) adsorption to goethite-coated sand

U(VI)-phosphate interactions are important in governing the subsurface mobility of U(VI) in both natural and contaminated environments. We studied U(VI) adsorption on goethite-coated sand (to mimic natural Fe-coated subsurface materials) as a function of pH in systems closed to the atmosphere, in both the presence and the absence of phosphate. Our results indicate that phosphate strongly affects U(VI) adsorption. The effect of phosphate on U(VI) adsorption was dependent on solution pH. At low pH, the adsorption of U(VI) increased in the presence of phosphate, and higher phosphate concentration caused a larger extent of increase in U(VI) adsorption. Phosphate was strongly bound by the goethite surface in the low pH range, and the increased adsorption of U(VI) at low pH was attributed to the formation of ternary surface complexes involving both U(VI) and phosphate. In the high pH range, the adsorption of U(VI) decreased in the presence of phosphate at low total Fe concentration, and higher phosphate concentration caused a larger extent of decrease in U(VI) adsorption. This decrease in U(VI) adsorption was attributed to the formation of soluble uranium-phosphate complexes. A surface complexation model (SCM) was proposed to describe the effect of phosphate on U(VI) adsorption to goethite. This proposed model was based on previous models that predict U(VI) adsorption to iron oxides in the absence of phosphate and previous models developed to predict phosphate adsorption on goethite. A postulated ternary surface complex of the form of (>FePO4UO2) was included in our model to account for the interactions between U(VI) and phosphate. The model we established can successfully predict U(VI) adsorption in the presence of phosphate under a range of conditions (i.e., pH, total phosphate concentration, and total Fe concentration).     

A history of research on yeasts 3: Emil Fischer, Eduard Buchner and their contemporaries, 1880-1900

Through the discovery of Buchner, Biology was relieved of another fragment of mysticism. The splitting up of sugar into CO2 and alcohol is no more the effect of a "vital principle" than the splitting up of cane sugar by invertase. (Jacques Loeb 1906 [138] p.22.)     

Consequences of fathers' participation in family work: Parents' role strain and well-being.

Examined the relation of fathers' participation in child care and home chores to parents' role strain and well-being in an interview study of 160 Caucasian middle-class fathers (mean age 41.11 yrs) and mothers (mean age 39.38 yrs) of kindergarten and 4th-grade children. In half of the families, mothers were employed. Four forms of paternal participation were examined. Role-strain items referred to immediate and specific problems such as time and energy constraints and role conflicts. Well-being measures assessed self-esteem, life satisfaction, and quality of experience in the parental and marital roles. Regression analyses indicated that when the level of fathers' participation was controlled maternal employment did not condition the relation between participation and the outcome variables. Findings varied for the different forms of participation. For fathers, higher levels of participation were associated with feeling more involved and competent as a parent and with being more critical of wives' patterns and parenting. For mothers, those whose husbands were more participant praised their husbands' parenting, but they were lower in life satisfaction and were more self-critical about their balance of work and family responsibilities. (33 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Ion-beam doping during molecular beam epitaxy

Compositional modifications on the atomic scale, made possible through molecular beam epitaxy, have opened up a new range of semiconductor devices. Some recent work has investigated the addition of ion dopants during molecular beam epitaxy, with the goal of improving electrical and optical properties.