海洋地球物理空间数据仓库系统的设计与实现

本文将空间数据仓库技术引入到海洋地球物理空间数据的管理和应用上来,探索一套适合于海洋地球物理调查和科研工作的空间数据仓库构建方法.本文重点从数据提取工具、空间数据仓库和应用服务器等几个方面对海洋地球物理空间数据仓库系统进行设计和开发,实现海洋地球物理空间数据的组织和管理,向用户提供便捷、直观、高效的面向应用主题的空间数...     

区域性CORS系统监测地表形变的可行性

连续运行卫星定位服务系统(简称为CORS)已经在国内外广泛建立,CORS在维护区域大地测量基准和城市测绘工作中得到了非常广泛的应用。但在城市地面沉降监测方面,仍存在基准站的稳定性、测量精度对平面及高程形变影响等问题。这里提出了一套完整的基于CORS系统变形监测网的稳定性分析的方法和流程。采用秩亏自由网平差,以位移向量一次性范数最小原则求取监测网点最合理的位移量及权阵。采用正态分布函数对监测点的位移显著性进行检验。结合武汉市地面沉降监测项目,分析评价了武汉市连续运行卫星定位服务系统(简称为WHCORS)用于城市地表形变监测的可行性。     

扇形划分的地面激光扫描地形点云数据化简

针对地面激光扫描仪获取的点云数据具有数据量大、冗余数据多、分布不均匀的特点,提出了一种基于扇形划分的地面激光扫描点云数据化简方法.首先根据设定的初始扇形块半径和弧长计算整个点云范围内的扇形块参数;然后再将点云按坐标分配到相应的扇形块中;最后对每个扇形块中的点采用相应的计算方法得到化筒后的点云.实验证明,该算法能够较好地...     

基于系留气艇平台的红外辐射传输算法实验验证

中国科学院大气物理研究所中层大气和全球环境探测重点实验室 (LAGEO) 建立了以系留气艇为平台的综合探测系统。通过气艇在大气边界层上升、下降过程获得不同高度的气象参数和同时的辐射参数。以气象参数为输入,应用辐射传输模式 (MODTRAN4.0) 获得模式辐射输出,将其与实测辐射值作对比,验证MODTRAN4.0模式的准确性,为有关目标识别与遥感提供基础。2006年8月在中国科学院大气物理研究所香河综合观测站利用系留气艇平台进行了验证实验,并对热红外波段的模式对比结果进行分析。结果表明:所建实验系统具备进行模式验证的能力,在热红外波段,MODTRAN4.0模式输出结果与实测辐射亮度之间的相对误差的均方差在边界层大气条件下小于3%。     

Characteristics of intensity change in tropical cyclones affecting the South China Sea from 1977 to 2007

The best track data of tropical cyclones (TCs) provided by Regional Specialized Meteorological Center (RSMC) Tokyo for the South China Sea (SCS) from 1977 to 2007 are employed to study the spatiotemporal variations (for a period of 12 hours) and the rapid (slow) intensification (RI/SI) of TCs with different intensity. The main results are as follows. (1) Over this period, the tropical storms (TSs) and severe tropical storms (STSs) mostly intensify or are steady while the typhoons (TYs) mostly weaken. The stronger a TC is initially, the more observation of its intensification and the less its variability will be; the more observation of its weakening is, the larger its variability will be. (2) The TC intensifies the fastest at 0000 UTC while weakening the fastest at 1200 UTC. (3) In the intensifying state, TSs, STSs, and TYs are mainly active in the northeastern, central-eastern, and central SCS respectively. The weakening cases mainly distribute over waters east off Hainan Island and Vietnam and west off the Philippines. Some cases of TSs and STSs weaken over the central SCS. (4) The RI cases form farther south in contrast to the SI cases. The RI cases are observed in regions where there are weaker vertical shear and easterly components at 200 hPa. The RI cases also have stronger mid-and lower-level warm-core structure and smaller radii of 15.4 m/s winds. The SI cases have slightly higher SST.     

Asymmetric rainband breaking in Typhoon Haitang (2005) before and after its landfall

Using the WRF (Weather Research Forecast) model, this work performed analysis and simulation on the rainband change during the landfall of Typhoon Haitang (2005) and found that breaking may occur over land and oceans leads to distinct asymmetric precipitation. The breaking is related to the topographic effect as well as interactions between the typhoon and midlatitude systems at upper levels. During the landfall, divergent flows at the 200-hPa level of the South-Asian high combined with divergent flows at the periphery of the typhoon to form a weak, inverted trough in the northwest part of the storm, with the mid- and low-level divergence fields on the west and northwest side of the typhoon center maintaining steadily. It intensifies the upper-level cyclonic flows, in association with positive vorticity rotating counterclockwise together with air currents that travel stepwise into a vorticity zone in the vicinity of the typhoon core, thereby forming a vorticity transfer belt in 22–25? N that extends to the eastern part of the storm. It is right here that the high-level vorticity band is subsiding so that rainfall is prevented from developing, resulting in the rainbelt breaking, which is the principal cause of asymmetric precipitation occurrence. Migrating into its outer region, the banded vorticity of Haitang at high levels causes further amplification of the cyclonic circulation in the western part and transfer of positive vorticity into the typhoon such that the rainband breaking is more distinct.     

居住小区容积率空间差异——以大连市为例

以土地利用中居住小区及房屋调查数据为基础、居住小区为基本研究单元,通过GIS技术和泰尔指数模型,对大连市居住小区容积率空间差异进行实证研究。先应用GIS技术对居住小区容积率进行计算,其次将居住小区容积率划分为7个等级并对居住小区进行容积率分级,应用GIS软件生成空间分布图和等值线图,然后应用泰尔指数计算居住小区容积率空间差异测度指数,最后分析其形成原因。结果表明:1大连市居住小区容积率呈不同等级整体破碎、相同等级小范围集聚、邻近等级穿插结合的空间分布特征。2大连市居住小区容积率整体分异测度指数不高,极低和极高容积率等级的居住小区差异测度最大;全市四大区域中,中山区差异测度最大,甘井子区差异测度最小,四大区域的内部差异测度远远大于各区域之间的差异测度,是大连市居住小区容积率空间差异的显著特点。3居住小区容积率空间差异的主要原因是城市不同区位和房屋属性所形成的住宅类型指向、城市空间地貌对居住小区建设的制约、城市居住用地规划标准的宏观导向、城市地价对容积率的作用。     

我国县级海域使用规划理论技术框架探讨

编制与地方经济发展需求和市场导向结合紧密的海域使用规划成为沿海县市区合理开发利用海洋、壮大海洋经济的必然选择。文章在分析编制县级海域使用规划的必要性和重要性的基础上,总结提出县级海域使用规划的基本原则、目的任务、规划内容与成果、思路与技术方法,并就规划编制过程中应该注意和思考的几个问题进行了探讨。     

新疆210金矿床黄铁矿标型特征及地质意义

研究新疆210金矿床中黄铁矿产状、形态特征及不同粒级黄铁矿的化学特征和晶胞参数等。结果表明,210金矿床为蚀变破碎带型金矿床,矿石中黄铁矿含量、粒径与金含量密切相关,含量高、粒径小的黄铁矿可作为强矿化标志。通常含金黄铁矿与无金黄铁矿相比颜色加深,晶胞参数轴长加长,亦可作为金矿化找矿标志及贫金、富金的评价准则。矿床具沉积矿床及热液矿床成因特点,初步认为矿床成因属"双源成因",其黄铁矿形成于中深成环境。     

地震后水汽异常变化初探

研究东日本地震、汶川地震和玉树地震震中及其附近区域在地震前后的水汽时间序列变化。首先分析震中MODIS水汽序列和震中附近探空站点水汽序列在地震前后的变化；然后基于GNSS ZTD与水汽之间的高相关性，以GNSS ZTD代替GNSS水汽，讨论震源区周围IGS站点的ZTD序列变化。研究发现，震后震中及其附近区域水汽值变化出现异常，且距离越近所受影响越大；水汽不断聚积，达到峰值后发生降水。