No K/T boundary at Anjar, Gujarat, India: Evidence from magnetic susceptibility and carbon isotopes

The paper describes the variation pattern of magnetic susceptibility of Lameta sediments and isotopic variation of organic¹³C from Chui Hill, Bergi, Kholdoda, Pisdura and Girad. The susceptibility pattern and a negative carbon isotopic anomaly allows fixation of the K/T boundary at these localities and they differ in these aspects from the inter-trappean sediments at Anjar. Paleomagnetic measurements of the Anjar sediment and the overlying basalt flow demonstrate reversed polarity. The Lameta sediments with dinosaur nests at Kheda and the overlying intertrappean sediments are of normal polarity. The clay layers at Anjar, associated closely with Ir-enrichments, are strongly leached, rhyolitic bentonites containing low-quartz paramorphs after high-quartz with glass inclusions. It is concluded, that the inter-trappean lake deposits at Anjar were deposited in the early part of magnetochron 29R and are unrelated to the K/T boundary.     

内蒙古西乌旗格尔楚鲁晚三叠世流纹岩年代学、地球化学特征及其地质意义

为确定西乌旗格尔楚鲁地区的一套浅色流纹岩的形成时代及其成岩构造环境,进而为探讨古亚洲洋闭合时间提供新的证据,本文对其开展了锆石U-Pb年代学、岩石学和地球化学研究。结果表明,流纹岩形成于221±1Ma;岩石富硅碱、贫钙镁、高Ga/Al值,A/CNK1;轻、重稀土元素分馏不明显,具有显著的Eu负异常;强烈亏损Sr、P、Ti,富集Zr,具有A2型花岗岩的特征,其成因可能是造山后伸展环境下幔源岩浆的底侵和地壳减薄,暗示研究区在三叠纪已经处于伸展背景,古亚洲洋在三叠纪之前已经闭合。研究区三叠纪伸展背景之下的岩浆活动始于早三叠世并一直持续到晚三叠世。     

Geochronology,geochemistry, and tectonic setting of the Oligocene magmatic rocks (Marmaros Magmatic Assemblage) in Gökçeada Island,northwest Turkey

Through the ?zmir–Ankara–Erzincan and the Vardar oceans suture zones, convergence between the Eurasian and African plates played a key role in controlling Palaeogene magmatism in northwestern Anatolia, northern Aegean, and eastern Balkans. LA-ICP-MS dating of U and Pb isotopes on zircon separates from the tuffs of the Harmankaya Volcanic Rocks, which are inter-fingered with the lower-middle Eocene deposits of the Gaziköy Formation to the north of the Ganos Fault and the Karaa?aç Formation in the Gelibolu Peninsula, yielded a late Ypresian (51 Ma) age. The chemical characteristics suggest that the lavas and tuffs of the Harmankaya Volcanic Rocks are products of syn- or post-collision magmas. These volcanic rocks show also close affinities to the subduction-related magmas. In addition to the already known andesitic volcanic rocks, our field observations in Gökçeada Island indicate also the existence of granitic and rhyolitic rocks (Marmaros Magmatic Assemblage). Our U–Pb zircon age data has shown that the newly discovered Marmaros granitic plutons intruded during late Oligocene (26 Ma) into the deposits of the Karaa?aç Formation in Gökçeada Island. LA-ICP-MS dating of U and Pb isotopes on zircon separates from the Marmaros rhyolitic rocks yielded a late Oligocene (26 Ma) crystallization age. Geochemical characteristics indicate that the more-evolved Oligocene granitic and rhyolitic rock of the Marmaros Magmatic Assemblage possibly assimilated a greater amount of crustal material than the lower Eocene Harmankaya Volcanic Rocks. Geochemical features and age relationships suggest increasing amounts of crustal contamination and a decreasing subduction signature during the evolution of magmas in NW Turkey from the early Eocene to the Oligocene. The magmatic activity developed following the northward subduction of the ?zmir–Ankara–Erzincan oceanic lithosphere and the earliest Palaeocene final continental collision between the Sakarya and Anatolide–Tauride zones.     

Comparison of rhyolites from continental rift,continental arc and oceanic island arc: Implication for the mechanism of silicic magma generation

We discuss the chemical compositions of rhyolites from three distinct tectonic settings: (i) the continental rift from Ethiopia (both Oligocene–Miocene and Quaternary rhyolites); (ii) the early Miocene continental arc of Japan (the Mt Wasso rhyolites related to the rifting of the Japan Sea); and (iii) the oceanic Izu–Bonin Island Arc. The comparison reveals that the oceanic island arc rhyolites have high contents of CaO, Al₂O₃, and Sr, and extremely low abundance of trace elements including K₂O. In contrast, the Ethiopian continental rift rhyolites are characterized by low contents of CaO, Al₂O₃, and Sr, and high contents of K₂O, and are enriched in the whole range of trace elements. The continental arc Mt Wasso rhyolites are apparently low in Nb content, although they display similar chemical trends to those of the Ethiopian rhyolites. This obvious difference in the chemical signatures of the rhyolites from the three tectonic settings is the consequence of their derivation from different sources. The implication of this result is that fractional crystallization processes were dominant in the rift‐related rhyolites both from continental rift and continental arc regardless of the prevailing tectonic setting and the nature of the crust (age, thickness, composition), whereas the oceanic island arc rhyolites may form through partial melting of young, mafic crust.     

浙西开化地区流纹岩锆石U-Pb年代学、地球化学特征及其地质意义

浙西开化地区皖浙边界断裂带西侧浅变质岩系中发育了一套以流纹岩为主的酸性火山岩。两个流纹岩样品的锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb定年分别给出了785±5 Ma和781±10 Ma的结果,显示为南华裂谷期的产物。岩石地球化学分析显示:该流纹岩富硅偏碱,铝饱和指数A/CNK大于1.11,显示过铝质特点;稀土元素总量高,相对富集轻稀土元素,具中等Eu负异常;相对富集Rb、Th、U、Pb等强不相容元素,而相对亏损亲石元素Ba、Sr、Nb、Ta,Zr含量较高。与壳源花岗质岩浆的地球化学特征相似。在微量元素构造判别图中显示为板内火山岩。结合地质背景分析,认为其形成于大陆裂谷环境,可能与华南地幔柱活动有关。     

大兴安岭中生代双峰式火山岩的地球化学特征

大兴安岭中生代火山岩的主要活动时期为晚侏罗世至早白垩世，由碱性系列玄武岩和亚碱性系列玄武岩以及伴生的中酸性火山岩组成。它们与邻区俄罗斯和蒙古同时期火山岩构成面形展布的巨型火山岩带。碱性系列玄武岩高度富集不相容元素，其富集程度类似于板内碱性系列玄武岩，但明显亏损Nb和Ta等高场强元素这一点又类似于活动大陆边缘火山弧或岛弧钙碱性玄武岩。亚碱性系列玄武岩适度富集不相容元素而强烈亏损高场强元素的特征类似于活动大陆边缘火山弧或岛弧火山岩，其中低钾玄武岩类似于拉斑玄武岩。大兴安岭酸性火山岩根据地球化学特征可划分为高Sr流纹岩类和低Sr流纹岩类。前者富集Ti、Ba、Sr、Co和Ni而贫Rb、Zr和Th等强不相容元素，类似于大陆溢流玄武岩省分异作用形成的流纹岩；后者明显富集不相容元素Rb、Zr和Th而亏损Ti、Ba、Sr和Co，它们与碱性系列玄武岩之间形成类似于大陆裂谷环境的双峰式火山岩组合。亚碱性系列玄武岩与高Sr流纹岩的成因关系类似于大陆伸张环境的双峰式火山岩，但前者形成从基性到酸性的连续演化系列，并没有形成Daly成分间断。这表明大兴安岭火山岩在源区及其原始岩浆的性质上明显区别于世界大陆溢流玄武岩省。也就是说，大陆溢流玄武岩省的双峰模式起源于干岩浆体系，这种岩浆分异形成的中性岩浆由于其教度大于玄武岩、挥发分含量低于流纹岩而未能喷出地表。大兴安岭富含水的原始岩浆使分异形成的中性熔岩被挥发分过饱和，导致中性熔岩的爆炸性喷发。     

Late collision rhyolitic volcanism in the north-eastern part of the Armenian Highland

Plio-Pleistocene acidic volcanism of the northeastern part of the Armenian highland is related to a continental collision zone as a result of convergence between Eurasia and Arabia lithosphere plates. The development of volcanism is divided into three stages of 10–17, 4.5–7.5 and 0.1–2.8 Ma. A crustal origin model is proposed to explain the geochemical and petrogenetic aspects of the acidic volcanism formation. Spatially separated Ba-rich and Rb-rich geochemical types of rhyolites were revealed, indicating more evolved and primitive rhyolitic magma types, respectively. The variation interval of the primary ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratio was found to be from 0.70438 to 0.70636. Age and lateral variation of geochemical and isotopic parameters were determined by differences of initial substrates and degrees of their partial melting. The mechanisms of rhyolitic magma evolution were the remelting of heterogeneous sialitic materials and low-pressure fractional crystallization in isolated magmatic chambers. These facts confirm the model of crustal anatexis origin of the eutectic melts. The eutectic rhyolitic magma was generated by an open-system melting in the presence of deep-horizon mobile K–Rb fluids, initiated by mantle resources.