论中国设计理论与技术创新——技术设计学体系基本问题研究论纲①

一年一度的“中国设计理论与‘中国工匠’培育高端论坛”旨在探讨、研究与实践中国设计理论体系的当代建构问题，以期对中国未来发展做出中国设计理论界自己的努力和贡献。本研究聚焦设计与技术之内在逻辑关系的探讨，重点探索中国设计理论与技术创新问题。系统考察与研究中国设计理论的概念、基本内涵、特征及其价值；深入探讨如何把握技术创新的基本内涵、价值追求及其当代意义；特别考察中国设计理论建设中的技术创新问题。本次的亮点是设计治理理论问题的提出与探索，具有极大的现实价值和理论意义。这些问题正是中国当代文化转型发展的重大理论问题。本研究尝试性探讨技术设计学体系建构的基本问题。     

冷喷涂固态颗粒沉积中颗粒间结合形成机制研究进展

就目前主流的冷喷涂颗粒结合形成机理进行了系统总结和评述,为冷喷涂沉积体性能的调控和后续研究提供借鉴。分别就经典的颗粒界面绝热剪切失稳结合机理,颗粒界面应力波释放诱导材料射流形成结合机理,以及高速碰撞诱导颗粒表面氧化膜破碎、新鲜金属接触结合机理的基本概念、原理、特点进行了概括总结。通过大量系统文献的调研,指出现有理论目前存在的相悖和不足之处,并简要分析了现有颗粒间结合形成理论对冷喷涂沉积体质量调控方面的指导意义。最后基于现有研究的不足,对冷喷涂颗粒界面结合机制方面的研究进行了展望。     

胡尖山地区长4+5层油气富集控制因素研究

胡尖山地区长4+5油层组储层非均质性强、物性差异较大,开展该区储层地质特征研究,尤其是针对胡尖山地区长4+5油层组的构造形态、储层特征、孔隙类型、油藏类型的研究,分析原油的分布特征,总结原油富集区的聚集特征、重点分析分布特征及控制因素,得到胡尖山地区长4+5层油气富集的规律,可加深对优质储层形成机理和分布规律的认识,为油藏勘探开发提供有利的方向。     

Microemulsion synthesis of ms/tz-BiVO4 composites: The effect of pH on crystal structure and photocatalytic performance

In this work, BiVO₄ composites, containing the tetragonal zircon phase (tz-BiVO₄), and monoclinic scheelite phase (ms-BiVO₄), were synthesized using the microemulsion method. The effect of pH on phase composition and photocatalytic activity were investigated. Based on X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), a ms/tz-BiVO₄ composite forms at pH = 1.0 and pure ms-BiVO₄ is obtained in the pH range 4.0–10.0. The three primary steps in preparing BiVO₄ were monitored by optical microscopy and the role played by the microemulsion on the phase composition of BiVO₄ is explained. Photoluminescence spectroscopy (PL), UV–visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV-DRS), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) were employed to characterize the physical and chemical properties of BiVO₄ composites. The composite formed at pH = 1 exhibited the lowest hole-electron (h⁺-e^-) recombination rate, resulting in the highest photocatalytic activity towards microcystin-LR (MC-LR), with near 100% removal of MC-LR in 5 h. ESR and trapping experiments indicated that MC-LR degradation was mediated primarily by hydroxyl radicals (•OH), superoxide radicals (O₂^•−) and photogenerated holes (h⁺).     

Reassessing the Draft Articles on the Law of Transboundary Aquifers through the lens of reciprocity

ABSTRACT

In spite of groundwater’s growing importance, the 2008 Draft Articles on the Law of Transboundary Aquifers have yet to be fully adopted by the international community. As states contemplate the future of the draft articles, this article aims to reassess them through the lens of the legal principle of reciprocity. To do so, this article provides a framework for the analysis of law via reciprocity, followed by its application to the draft articles. Although this article primarily finds that they follow a reciprocal structure, it also identifies areas to be revisited, including sovereignty and recharge zone states.     

爆破地震作用下地基的动力响应分析

通过简化爆破荷载的形式,对爆破振动作用下地基位移方程进行了推导,在此基础上给出了爆破作用下影响地基位移的诸要素,并提出了地基位移幅值在爆破作用下的变化规律,这对结构抗震工作的开展有着重要意义。     

On‐surface polymerization – a versatile synthetic route to two‐dimensional polymers

Two‐dimensional (2D) polymers are novel covalent sheet materials with promising properties, but also great synthetic challenges. The inadequacy of traditional wet chemical synthesis calls for new synthetic paradigms. In this respect, employing surfaces as inherently 2D reaction venues appears an adequate choice and has recently already yielded encouraging results. Polymerization at air ? liquid and liquid ? liquid interfaces has been reported from time to time over the last decades, whereas recent efforts on solid surfaces are less traditional. In either case, both movement and coupling of monomers are already confined in two dimensions at interfaces or on surfaces. Accordingly, this approach naturally affords low‐dimensional reaction products. To achieve 2D reticulation, monomers are functionalized with multiple reactive groups of the same or a different kind, whereby their number and stereochemical arrangement predefines the ideal structure of the resulting 2D polymer. This perspective article exemplifies different approaches, i.e. types of surfaces, coupling chemistry and activation schemes, to employ surfaces for novel synthetic routes for the bottom‐up synthesis of 2D polymers. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry     

U.S. regulatory perspectives on the back end of the fuel cycle: EUROSAFE 2013 proceeding

For the United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission and the reactor licensees it regulates, there are a number of contemporary issues associated with the back end of the fuel cycle including, the agency's revision to its “Waste Confidence” decision and the path-forward for high-level waste disposal. Additionally, the 2012 Blue Ribbon Commission on America's Nuclear Future recommendations, the future of reprocessing, consolidated interim spent fuel storage, and maintaining technical competence within the NRC in challenging budgetary conditions are addressed. I conclude that there is confidence in the feasibility of safe storage of spent nuclear fuel following the licensed operational life of a reactor and any change in high-level waste policy will require Congressional action to amend the Nuclear Waste Policy Act.