恒速压汞技术定量评价低渗透砂岩孔喉结构差异性

针对常规压汞不能准确确定储层孔隙与喉道的弊端,利用恒速压汞技术对鄂尔多斯盆地低渗透砂岩样品孔喉结构的差异性进行了定量评价.结果表明,渗透率越小的岩心,喉道分布越集中,随着渗透率的增大,大喉道分布逐渐增多,喉道分布范围也更加宽泛,主喉道半径随之增大,但较大喉道对低渗透砂岩储层的开采效果具有双重影响;渗透率小于0.5×10...     

气煤孔隙度与Thomsen各向异性参数高阶交错网格数值模拟

对气煤煤样孔隙率测试的基础上,讨论了各向异性系数与孔隙率的关系,表明各向异性的大小与孔隙率之间有一定的关系。应用高阶交错网格差分算法,对一阶速度-应力弹性波方程进行模拟,分析了其稳定性和边界条件。通过对Thomsen各向异性参数的模拟表明,主要控制的是P波的各向异性强弱,δ主要控制水平垂直正交方向上的各向异性强弱。对煤田各向异性研究具有重要意义。     

南岭寨背和陂头花岗岩基属印支期侵位的岩浆动力学证据及构造意义

文章通过对南岭东段寨背和陂头岩基地质-岩石地球化学特征研究,判明它们的侵位深度(7.5 km)、围岩温度(250℃)及岩浆初始温度(950℃),建立起寨背-陂头岩基的数学计算模型,并计算得出:寨背和陂头花岗岩熔体侵位后,其初始温度降低至结晶温度所需的时间(Δtcol)分别为4.04 Ma(寨背岩基)和3.97 Ma(陂...     

流动环境中圆孔水平热射流三维数值模拟

根据计算流体动力学理论,采用Realizable k-ε紊流模型和SIMPLEC算法,考虑浮力作用,利用有限体积法来离散求解流动环境中圆孔水平热射流的流动与传热控制方程,对流动环境中圆孔水平热射流进行了三维数值模拟,比较了不同流速比和不同射流出口温度条件下的流动特性和温度分布特性,得到了热射流轨迹的速度和温度衰减规律,分析了流速比和射流出口温度对热射流轨迹温度分布的影响。     

舟曲泥石流桩林拦挡结构抗冲压极限分析

以舟曲泥石流灾害防治工程为背景,基于弹塑性有限差分方法计算分析了舟曲泥石流桩林拦挡结构的极限抗冲压能力。针对两种桩林拦挡结构设计方案,采用增量加载的数值计算方法确定了拦挡结构的侧向极限抗冲压力,并与规范建议的泥石流冲击力经验公式计算结果进行了校核。计算结果显示,舟曲泥石流桩林拦挡结构的侧向极限抗冲压力均大于经验公式计算...     

时差对海洋磁力测量地磁日变改正的影响分析

为研究时差对磁测的影响,基于站间同步地磁日变曲线的特征,尝试采用同步比对法和相关分析法计算两站的时差.结论表明:同步比对法和相关分析法能反映站间真实的时差,当测区范围较小时(至少是在本文实例的两个地磁日变站之间),时差对地磁日变改正的影响很小,海洋磁力测量地磁日变改正时可以忽略其影响.     

中国区域经济发展的地区差异GIS分析

本文主要针对我国改革开放以来地区间经济发展的差距究竟是扩大(发散)还是缩小(收敛)的问题开展了研究.首先,对全国各省(市)1980 - 2008年的人均名义GDP数据进行了空间自相关分析,探讨了全国区域经济发展的地区差异变化,揭示了1984年以后中国各地区之间的经济发展的正空间自相关关系,即全国区域经济发展差异在整体上...     

Curious Indeed,or Curious in Deed? Some peculiarities of post-settlement relations with an antipodean river

Prominent in many historical accounts of European first contact with Australian nature are stories of encounters between European curiosity and curious Australian biota, such as the platypus and the eucalyptus. In this paper, I argue that post-settlement relations with the Goulburn River, one of the largest rivers in south-east Australia, likewise attest to the centrality of curiosity in early European engagements with Australian landscape. In mapping several relational ontologies of the Goulburn River, I attend to the socio-material practices in which this river has been performed as different and as normal. My interest is in a specific form of difference, that of antipodean difference: the river as topsy-turvy, backwards, unusual, or inverted in relation to some presumed norm, whether that norm be rooted in memories and experiences of European rivers or imaginings of an original state of nature. This is a story of how an extraordinary river became ordinary, and of how we might understand antipodean difference as curious in deed (i.e. as performed), rather than as curious indeed (i.e. as an innate quality of Australian nature).     

Diurnal surface temperature difference index derived from ground-based meteorological measurements for assessment of moisture availability

Droughts have become widespread in the Northern Hemisphere, including in China, where they have affected farmland resources on the Loess Plateau. Given this background, we proposed a new index, the Normalized Day-Night Surface Temperature Index (NTDI), to estimate moisture availability (m_a), defined as the ratio of actual to reference evapotranspiration. The NTDI is defined as the ratio of the difference between the maximum daytime surface temperature and the minimum nighttime surface temperature, to the difference between the maximum and minimum surface temperatures estimated from meteorological data by applying energy balance equations.To calculate the index, we used data of 20 clear-sky meteorological observations made during the 2005 growing season at a natural grassland station in the Liudaogou River basin on the Loess Plateau. The NTDI showed a significant inverse exponential correlation with m_a (R² = 0.97, p < 0.001), whereas the numerator of the index (the maximum daytime surface temperature minus the minimum nighttime surface temperature) was only weakly correlated with m_a (R² = 0.24, p = 0.03). This result indicates that normalization relative to the index denominator (maximum surface temperature − minimum surface temperature) dramatically improved the accuracy of the estimate.     

Changing climate affects vegetation growth in the arid region of the northwestern China

The northwestern China is a typical dry-land region of Inner Asia, where significant climate change has been observed over the past several decades. How the regional vegetation, particularly the grassland-oasis-desert complex, responds to such climatic change is poorly understood. To address this question, we investigated spatio-temporal changes in vegetation growth and their responses to a changing climate by biome and bioregion, using satellite-sensed Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) data from 1982 to 2003, along with corresponding climate data. Over the past 22 years, about 30% of the total vegetated area showed an annual increase of 0.7% in growing season NDVI. This trend occurred in all biomes and all bioregions except Sawuer, a subregion of the study area with no significant climate change. Further analyses indicated that NDVI change was highly correlated with the current precipitation and evapotranspiration in growing season but was not associated with temperature. We also found that NDVI was positively correlated with the preceding winter precipitation. These findings suggest that precipitation may be the key cause of vegetation growth in this area, even for mountain forests and grasslands, whose growth are often regarded to be limited by low temperate in winter and early spring.