Estimation of anisotropic properties of nano-structured arrays by modal vibration control at microscale

Nano-structured arrays are engineered to meet the requirements of a variety of applications such as microfilters, sensors, and structural interface due to their unique mechanical characteristics, which cannot be achieved by conventional solid materials. However, it is hard to evaluate the elastic properties of nano-structured arrays owing to the discrete structure, sample size, and availability of suitable techniques. To facilitate this, we develop an advanced three-dimensional microscale vibration testing process. In the test, a specially designed three-dimensional microspecimen with tuned mass is excited by a piezoelectric actuator, and the resonance frequencies are detected by a laser device successfully. The anisotropic elastic moduli of nano-structured array composed of helical nano-springs are identified from a single spectrum. This array shows so strong characteristic anisotropy that the solid one hardly can attain. The microscale testing technique can be extended to other materials and microstructures.     

纳米压痕法研究单晶Al3Sc相的硬度和杨氏模量

使用EBSD和纳米压痕法研究毫米级块状单晶Al₃Sc对应的取向、硬度和杨氏模量。试验结果表明,选用过共晶Al-Sc合金加热至液态后缓慢冷却(60 ℃/h)可以得到毫米级单晶Al₃Sc,通过EBSD和纳米压痕法得到五个不同取向(567)、(139)、(124)、(113)和(144)单晶Al₃Sc的硬度在3.7~4.3 GPa,复合弹性响应模量在143.6~146.1 GPa。对比不同泊松比下各取向的杨氏模量理论值与试验值,发现泊松比为0.188时二者之间差异最小,对应各取向的杨氏模量试验值在157.5~160.6 GPa。     

Experimental and numerical assessment of energy absorption capacity of thin-walled Al 5083 tube produced by PTCAP process

The energy absorption capacity of the Al5083 thin-walled tube produced by parallel tubular angular pressing (PTCAP) process was evaluated. Also, microstructure, mechanical properties, and anisotropy coefficients were studied in the peripheral and axial directions. Results showed that values of energy absorption decreased with processing pass increasing and the values for the unprocessed, first and second passes were obtained to be 167, 161.4 and 160.7 J, respectively. The differences between the simulation results for the energy absorption values and their experimental values for the unprocessed, the first and the second PTCAP passes samples are about 5%, 10%, and 13%, respectively. The energy absorption capacity was related to the anisotropy coefficient and microstructure. The results demonstrated that grain refinement occurred and ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and microhardness after the first and second PTCAP passes were enhanced, while the increase rate in the first pass was much severer. Also, by applying PTCAP, the deformation modes were altered, such that the deformation mode of the annealed tube was quite symmetrical and circular while for the first and second passes there have been triple and double lobes diamond. The results of the numerical simulation for the deformation mode of the annealed and PTCAPed tubes were consistent with the experimental results. The deformation mode of tubes is dependent on their mechanical properties and variation of the mechanical properties during PTCAP process.     

Constitutive model and failure criterion for orthotropic ceramic matrix composites under macroscopic plane stress

To predict the nonlinear stress-strain behavior and the rupture strength of orthotropic ceramic matrix composites (CMCs) under macroscopic plane stress, a concise damage-based mechanical theory including a new constitutive model and two kinds of failure criteria was developed in the framework of continuum damage mechanics (CDM). The damage constitutive model was established using strain partitioning and damage decoupling methods. Meanwhile, the failure criteria were formulated in terms of damage energy release rate (DERR) in order to correlate the failure property of CMCs with damage driving forces, and the maximum DERR criterion and the interactive DERR criterion were suggested simultaneously. For the sake of model evaluation, the theory was applied to a typical CMC with damageable and nonlinear behavior, that is, 2D-C/SiC. The damage evolution law, strain response and rupture strength under incremental cyclic tension along both on-axis and off-axis directions were completely investigated. Comparison between theoretical predictions and experimental data illustrates that the newly developed mechanical theory is potential to give reasonable and accurate results of both stress-strain response and failure property for orthotropic CMCs.     

吸附制冷用混合吸附剂导热性能的研究

用水溶液挤压法制备了24个CaCl2/ENG成型混合吸附剂样品,利用目前闪光扩散法测量导热系数最先进的仪器——LFA447激光导热仪对样品进行了导热系数的测试。研究表明:挤压法制备的样品垂直于压力方向上的导热系数高于平行于压力方向上的,大约是其1.1~1.2倍,具有各向异性;在一定范围内,随着固化密度的增加导热系数不断增加,随着氯化钙和膨胀石墨质量比的减小导热系数也不断增大;在氯化钙和ENG的质量比为2∶1,固化密度从600kg/m3增加到700kg/m3的过程中导热系数增加得最为明显,固化密度和膨胀石墨的含量对成型吸附剂样品的导热系数的影响有耦合作用。     

A methodology to determine the elastic properties of anisotropic rocks from a single uniaxial compression test

This paper introduces a new methodology to measure the elastic constants of transversely isotropic rocks from a single uniaxial compression test. We first give the mathematical proof that a uniaxial compression test provides only four independent strain equations. As a result, the exact determination of all five independent elastic constants from only one test is not possible. An approximate determination of the Young's moduli and the Poisson's ratios is however practical and efficient when adding the Saint–Venant relation as the fifth equation. Explicit formulae are then developed to calculate both secant and tangent definitions of the five elastic constants from a minimum of four strain measurements. The results of this new methodology applied on three granitic samples demonstrate a significant stress-induced nonlinear behavior, where the tangent moduli increase by a factor of three to four when the rock is loaded up to 20 MPa. The static elastic constants obtained from the uniaxial compression test are also found to be significantly smaller than the dynamic ones obtained from the ultrasonic measurements.     

复杂地基极限承载力半解析解

本文研究了复杂地基极限承载力的半解析解答。通过非均质非线性各向异性破坏准则，建立了复杂地基极限平衡理论，导出了滑移线斜率公式、应力沿滑移线微分方程。分析滑动区域应力变化规律，导出了有内摩擦与无内摩擦各向异性地基及非线性地基的极限承载力解析式，计算了各种复杂地基承载力系数解答。研究结果表明：岩土材料各向异性降低了地基承载力；非线性地基承载力可由拉压强度比控制。本文成果简化到线性各向同性地基中，与Ｐｒａｎｄｔｌ解、Ｒｅｉｓｓ－ｎｅｒ解、索科洛夫斯基公式及太沙基结果相吻合。     

煤层抗拉强度的波速测定研究

对煤块波速及其抗拉强度进行了系统地测试和分析,煤岩波速和抗拉强度具有明显的各向异性,两者之间有很好的相关关系,并建立了波速-强度关系式。在井下对煤层波速进行了测试,根据波速测强公式和完整性推算强度公式,确定了煤体的抗拉强度,为煤矿井下防隔水煤柱合理留设提供了重要参数,也为煤层强度的确定提供了一种新的方法。     

不同加载路径饱和岩石力学特征的试验研究

不同加载路径对岩石强度特征、变形特征和破坏特征存在影响。据此，探讨饱和岩石在排水、非排水、比例加载、侧向卸载、在不同偏应力状态下注水和非排水（但在不同偏应力状态下水压力卸载）等加载情况下以及在常规三轴试验和拥有循环加载的三轴试验等试验方式下，岩体的强度特征、各向异性变形特征和破坏特征。试验结果表明：循环加载、饱和岩石在不同偏应力状态下注水、非排水但在不同应力状态下水压力卸载、比例加载和侧向卸载等具有降低岩石强度、增加岩体变形以及水压力对岩石具有劈裂破坏作用等特征，这些力学特征对岩土工程具有现实意义。     

考虑主应力方向变化的原状黏土强度及超静孔压特性研究

针对许多实际岩土工程问题中,土体所受应力路径主应力方向会旋转变化的特点,采用空心圆柱仪(HCA)对主应力轴方向突变和连续旋转条件下杭州典型原状黏土的强度和孔压特征进行研究。试验表明:土体强度主要受原生各向异性影响,试样在破坏时的主应力作用方向以及中主应力参数是影响土体强度的主要因素,而主应力轴旋转对于强度则无显著影响;试样无论是否经历主应力轴旋转,在破坏时都会有显著的剪切带产生,同时剪切带平面与大主应力作用方向的夹角基本保持一个常数;主应力轴旋转会引起土中孔压积累,积累程度受主应力轴转幅及旋转时剪应力幅值、剪应力水平支配。这部分孔压增量较之主应力方向固定不变剪切产生的极限孔压而言不能忽略。