碳酸镧直接电解制备金属镧试验工艺研究

本试验重点研究了碳酸镧电解制取金属镧的工艺条件。通过将碳酸镧直接加入电解炉后,研究熔盐组成、电解温度、原料钐质量对电效的影响因素及碳酸镧回收利用对产品质量的影响。     

Impregnation of carbonate rock by deasphalted oil with the use of a supercritical fluid impregnation process

The authors present the results of investigation and experimental implementation of several processes: production of heavy oil residue and its deasphaltizing and impregnation of carbonate rock with deasphalted oil. Heavy oil residue has been produced during fractionation of highly-vicious oil by steam-thermal method. Deasphaltizing of oil-residue and impregnation of carbonate rock are implemented with the use of extraction and supercritical fluid impregnation processes with propane-butane solvent.     

Modeling shallow marine carbonate depositional systems

Geological Process Models (GPMs) have been used in the past to simulate the distinctive stratigraphies formed in carbonate sediments, and to explore the interaction of controls that produce heterogeneity. Previous GPMs have only indirectly included the supersaturation of calcium carbonate in seawater, a key physicochemical control on carbonate production in reef and lagoon environments, by modifying production rates based on the distance from open marine sources. We here use the residence time of water in the lagoon and reef areas as a proxy for the supersaturation state of carbonate in a new process model, Carbonate GPM. Residence times in the model are calculated using a particle-tracking algorithm. Carbonate production is also controlled by water depth and wave power dissipation. Once deposited, sediment can be eroded, transported and re-deposited via both advective and diffusive processes. We show that using residence time as a control on production might explain the formation of non-ordered, three-dimensional carbonate stratigraphies by lateral shifts in the locus of carbonate deposition on timescales comparable to so-called 5th-order sea-level oscillations. We also show that representing supersaturation as a function of distance from open marine sources, as in previous models, cannot correctly predict the supersaturation distribution over a lagoon due to the intricacies of the flow regime.     

Effect of CO2, HCO3 and CO3 on oxygen reduction in anion exchange membrane fuel cells

The effect of carbonate and bicarbonate anions on the oxygen reduction reaction was investigated in four alkaline solutions (pH ∼ 14) on a Pt disk type electrode with varying concentrations of carbonate and bicarbonate. The addition of carbonate and bicarbonate had two primary effects on the observed voltammetric behavior: i) The Tafel slope shifts positive with increasing carbonate/bicarbonate concentration, indicating that the carbonate anions may compete for surface adsorption sites; and ii) The dissolved oxygen concentration and diffusion coefficient are depressed with increasing anion concentration. Finally, adding CO₂ to the cathode stream of an anion exchange membrane fuel cell caused an improvement in the device performance under fully hydrated conditions, suggesting that the fuel cell was operating at least partially under the carbonate cycle.     

Enhanced oil recovery from carbonate reservoirs by spontaneous imbibition of low salinity water

An experimental study was performed to investigate the impact of low salinity water on wettability alteration in carbonate core samples from southern Iranian reservoirs by spontaneous imbibition. In this paper, the effect of temperature, salinity, permeability and connate water were investigated by comparing the produced hydrocarbon curves. Contact angle measurements were taken to confirm the alteration of surface wettability of porous media. Oil recovery was enhanced by increasing the dilution ratio of sea water, and there existed an optimum dilution ratio at which the highest oil recovery was achieved. In addition, temperature had a very significant impact on oil recovery from carbonate rocks. Furthermore, oil recovery from a spontaneous imbibition process was directly proportional to the permeability of the core samples. The presence of connate water saturation inside the porous media facilitated oil production significantly. Also, the oil recovery from porous media was highly dependent on ion repulsion/attraction activity of the rock surface which directly impacts on the wettability conditions. Finally, the highest ion attraction percentage was measured for sodium while there was no significant change in pH for all experiments.     

夹石膏地层的油气井酸处理

酸化夹石膏地层时,石膏会溶于盐酸。随着酸化的进行,酸液浓度降低,氯化钙浓度增加,因而产生了石膏的再沉淀现象、本文通过石膏在盐酸、氯化钙水溶液及余酸中的溶解度讨论了酸化时石膏的再沉淀现象,并提出了防止石膏再沉淀的方法     

陕甘宁盆地中部气田奥陶系碳酸盐岩储层孔喉大小与孔隙度和渗透率间的关系

本文根据现有的压汞测试样品，利用多元回归分析，建立了陕甘宁盆地中部气田奥陶系同层段的不同进汞饱和度时的孔喉大小与孔隙度和渗透率间的经验公式．这种方法有可能利用常规岩心分析数据推测样品的毛管压力曲线和孔喉大小及分布．     

对南方海相碳酸盐岩区勘探的思考

回顾、总结南方海相碳酸盐岩区４０余年的勘探历程、失利原因,借鉴四川盆地勘探经验教训,并结合该区具体构造演化过程,提出评价、成选下步勘探目标的途径和具体操作方法。研究表明区域盖层、古隆起、后期保存条件匹配良好的构造单元是下步有利的勘探目标。     

建南气田飞三段气藏精细描述与开发潜力研究

建南气田飞三段气藏属于低孔隙度、低渗透率海相碳酸盐岩储层,为了提高气藏开发效果和经济效益,必须进行气藏精细描述,建立准确的地质模型,认识储层分布规律,同时,要大力开展气藏数值模拟研究,确定合理的开采技术政策,指出开发潜力目标,编制气藏优化开发调整方案。