高分辨MRI对颈动脉粥样硬化斑块成分显示的病理对照研究

目的分析和评价高分辨MRI对颈动脉粥样硬化斑块不同成分的显示效果,为颈动脉内膜切除术术前判断斑块稳定性提供参考。方法对26例行颈动脉内膜切除术的颈动脉粥样硬化性狭窄患者术前高分辨MRI 4种不同序列的影像(T1WI、T2WI、PDWI和3D TOF)与斑块标本病理进行逐层对照,分析斑块内不同成分的MRI影像特点。结果获得斑块28块,切为238段,主要分布于颈总动脉和颈内动脉,以复杂斑块为特征的Ⅳ～Ⅴ型58段(24.37%)和Ⅵ型79段(33.19%)为主;斑块内纤维帽主要表现为TOF序列的带状低信号,钙化和纤维化组织分别表现为在各序列影像上的不规则低信号和不特定信号,脂质池和坏死核呈T1WI、PDWI和3D TOF序列的等至稍高信号,近期出血表现为T1WI、T2WI和PDWI序列的明显高信号。结论高分辨MRI不仅可以清晰显示动脉粥样硬化斑块,进行动脉管腔狭窄程度的测定,通过多序列影像联合分析还可以分辨斑块内部不同成分,有助于术前对斑块稳定性的判断。     

脑梗塞患者血清脂蛋白（a）测定及其临床意义

应用酶标法测定58例脑梗塞患者和56例健康对照者血清脂蛋白(a)[LP(a)]含量,并同时测定了其他脂代谢指标,对其中26例脑梗塞患者还测定了血浆纤维蛋白溶解(简称纤溶)指标。结果表明脑梗塞组存在显著的脂代谢和纤溶功能紊乱。LP(a)含量增高,与所测脂代谢、纤溶指标无显著相关,是脑梗塞发病独立的危险因素。     

二尖瓣环钙化与颈动脉粥样硬化关系的超声研究

目的 了解二尖瓣环钙化（MAC）与颈动脉粥样硬化之间的关系，探讨MAC能否作为颈动脉粥样硬化的独立预测因子。方法 采用高频超声对156例MAC患者（其中55例为重度MAC患者）及118例年龄、性别与之相匹配的无MAC对照者的颈动脉进行了检测。结果 ①与对照组比较，MAC组及重度MAC组患者高血压和糖尿病的患病率明显增加（P〈0．05）；②MAC组颈动脉粥样硬化斑块发生率，颈动脉狭窄≥20％、≥40％及双侧颈动脉狭窄≥40％的发生率均显著高于对照组（P〈0．01），重度MAC组上述指标的改变更为显著（P〈0．01）。此外，重度MAC组颈动脉狭窄≥60％的发生率明显高于对照组（P〈0．05）；③MAC组及重度MAc组颈动脉内-中膜厚度（IMT）显著高于对照组（P〈0．01）；④单因素及多因素Logistic回归分析结果均表明：MAC是颈动脉狭窄≥40％最有意义的预测因子（P〈0．01）。结论 MAC与颈动脉粥样硬化之间存在十分密切的关系，通过对MAC的检测，能够预测颈动脉粥样硬化的存在及其程度，在临床实际工作中，对于有二尖瓣环钙化的患者应常规进行颈动脉粥样硬化的检查。     

Treatment of experimentally induced atherosclerosis in swine iliac arteries: A comparison of self-expanding and balloon-expanded stents

Atherosclerosis was induced in 20 Hanford miniature swine. Subsequently, one iliac artery lesion in each of 16 pigs was stented with either a self-expanding (8 pigs) or a balloon-expanded (8 pigs) stent. Immediately after stent placement, 4 animals in each group were taken off the atherogenic diet and continued on normal chow for the remainder of the study. Four months after stents were placed, atherosclerosis and the mural changes associated with the stent were more clearly evident in the arteries of the pigs continued on the atherogenic diet. These pigs also exhibited significantly more neointimal proliferation. In addition, the arteries containing the balloon-expanded stents showed more extensive and complex intimal changes when compared with arteries with self-expanding stents. Although both stent designs were equally effective in maintaining vascular patency, the balloon-expanded stent was more traumatic to the vessel wall which resulted in a significantly greater neointimal thickness.     

颈动脉粥样硬化超声检查在脑梗塞诊治中的应用

目的探讨颈动脉粥样硬化脑梗死的相关性。方法60例脑梗死患，均经头颅CT证实，年龄在48～72岁之间，采用SONELINE VersaPro彩色多普勒超声诊断仪，诊断颈动脉粥样斑块增厚情况及颈动脉狭窄程度。结果有22例颈动脉内粥样斑块合并颈动脉中重度狭窄，占37％；全部22例颈动脉中重度狭窄的病例中有19例同侧有脑梗死，占86％。结论颈动脉超声检查对脑梗死的临床治疗和预防具有重要意义。     

颈动脉粥样硬化斑块与脑梗死关系的研究

目的:研究颈动脉粥样硬化斑块与脑梗死发生的关系,以及血脂、血糖、纤维蛋白原(Fbg)等在颈动脉粥样硬化形成中的影响。方法:对51例脑梗死病人行颈动脉超声检查,按有无粥样硬化斑块分成两组,比较其神经功能缺损情况及血液中TC、TG、LDL、HDL-C、apoprotein Al、apoprotein B、空腹血糖(FBG)和Fbg的含量;观察梗死侧与非梗死侧的颈动脉粥样硬化斑块发生率。结果:脑梗死病人的颈动脉粥样硬化斑块发生率为70.6％,与无斑块组比较,两组的神经功能缺损评分差异元显著性(P>0.05)。斑块组TC、LDL、aporprotein B、FBG及Fbg较无斑块组增高(P<0.05),HDL-C的含量则降低(P<0.05);梗死侧颈动脉粥样硬化斑块发生率增高(P<0.05)。结论:定期颈动脉超声和对血脂血糖等检查,可作为早期发现和筛选脑梗死高危病人的重要手段。     

Verbal Working Memory and Atherosclerosis in Patients with Cardiovascular Disease: An fMRI study

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Intimal-medial thickening (IMT) of the carotid wall is an accepted peripheral marker of atherosclerosis. It is associated with increased risk for myocardial infarction and stroke, and lower attention-executive-psychomotor functioning. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between IMT and brain activity during a verbal working memory (VWM) task in patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD). METHODS: Thirteen CVD patients underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during a 2-Back VWM task, and B-mode ultrasound of the carotid arteries. IMT was calculated using an automated algorithm based on a validated edge-detection technique. The relationship between IMT and 2-Back-related brain activity was modeled using partial correlations controlling for age and small vessel disease as measured by white matter signal hyperintensities on MRI (WMH). RESULTS: Higher IMT was associated with lower 2-Back-related signal intensity and in the right middle frontal gyrus, independent of age and WMH. CONCLUSIONS: IMT may be one mechanism contributing to brain dysfunction in CVD. The blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) contrast appears to be highly sensitive to peripheral vascular health as measured by IMT. Future studies should examine the sensitivity and specificity of the BOLD response for predicting cognitive decline in CVD.     

99Tcm-HYNIC-Annexin V动脉粥样硬化显像的实验研究

目的 探讨99Tcm-联肼尼克酰胺(HYNIC)-膜联蛋白V(Annexin V)显像检测兔动脉粥样硬化(AS)病变的价值.方法 5只雄性日本大耳白兔通过免疫损伤血管和12周高脂饮食制备成AS模型(实验组),自兔耳缘静脉按体质量注射99Tcm-HYNIC-Annexin V 37 MBq/kg,分别行活体和离体血管的99Tcm-HYNIC-Annexin V显像.5只未经特殊处理的同种白兔行活体显像作为对照.对实验组兔的主动脉分段后,测定各片段质量和放射性计数,并进行病理学和免疫组织化学检查.采用SPSS 13.0软件对数据进行统计学处理.结果 显像剂注射后2h,实验组兔主动脉可见放射性摄取达峰值,而对照组未见明显的放射性摄取,前者靶/非靶(T/NT)比值(2.70±0.26)明显高于后者(1.30±0.13,t=1.99,P＜0.05).实验组兔的主动脉血管斑块片段放射性摄取(每克组织百分注射剂量率,%ID/g)为(0.075±0.016)%ID/g,明显高于非斑块血管片段[(0.035±0.013)%ID/g,前者是后者的(4.55±0.99)倍,t=4.77,P＜0.001];两者的凋亡细胞指数(AI)分别为(40.53±14.94)%和(11.90±7.09)%,差异具有统计学意义(t=2.54,P＜0.01).所有血管片段的放射性摄取(%ID/g值)与AI呈正相关(r=0.98,P＜0.001).结论 99Tcm-HYNIC-Annexin V可以无创性地检测AS斑块的凋亡.     

脑动脉硬化对视神经血供影响的形态学研究及其临床意义

①目的 探讨视神经动脉起源、数目、分布及相关动脉的病理变化，为视神经因缺血所致视野缺损提供形态学依据。②方法 在体视显微镜扣手术显微镜下对100侧成人脑标本观察视神经动脉来源、数目和分布，对其中年龄50-70岁60侧脑标本的视神经和相关动脉进行病理切片观察。③结果 视神经动脉主要来源于颈内动脉、大脑前动脉争前交通动脉。其中单来源3侧(3％)，双来源68侧(68％)，3来源29侧(29％)。病理切片观察动脉管壁有粥样硬化改变53侧(88．3％)，其中被硬化斑块阻塞眼动脉的3侧(5、7％)。阻塞垂体上动脉的4侧(7．5％)，小动脉管腔狭窄11侧(20．8％)。与小动脉阻塞相对应的视神经切片。可见有神经纤维萎缩、变性等病理改变。硬化的颈内动脉壁压迫视神经可以形成明显的压迹。④结论 50岁以上出现不明原因的周边或中央视野缺损。脑动脉硬化导致视神经供血障碍病因不能除外。     

纤维连接蛋白与动脉粥样硬化的关系

炎症机制在动脉粥样硬化斑块的发生、发展中扮演了重要角色。近年来,不断有研究证实前炎性因子纤维连接蛋白(fibronectin,Fn)密切参与了此过程,并与急性冠状动脉综合征的发生有着极强的关联性。本文就Fn与急性冠状动脉综合征的关系及其应用前景进行综述。