气相法白炭黑表面处理的新方法

在辅助处理剂的存在下，六甲基二硅氮烷（HMDZ）可以很好地对气相法白炭黑进行表面处理。处理后的气相法白炭黑适合于制作双组分室温硫化（RTV-2）硅橡胶；讨论了气相法白炭黑与HMDZ的配比，反应温度，反应时间等对RTV-2硅橡胶性能的影响。最佳反应条件为：100份气相法白炭黑用17份HMDZ处理。反应温度120℃，反应时间60min以上，采用处理后的白炭黑填充的RTV硅橡胶具有优良的机械性能和操作性能。     

Parameters governing strain induced crystallization in filled natural rubber

A series of in situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction experiments are performed during the stretching of weakly and highly vulcanized carbon black (CB), silica and grafted silica filled natural rubber sample (NR). Conversely to literature, Mullins effect observed after one stretching cycle modifies the strain induced crystallization (SIC) behaviour of the sample. The onset of crystallization is ruled by the strain amplification induced by the filler presence. Moreover, fillers (CB and silica) behave as additional crosslinks into NR network, through filler-rubber interactions that either accelerate or slow down the crystallization rate depending on NR matrix chemical crosslink density. This is consistent with the assumption that effective network density, which is due to chemical crosslinks, entanglements, and filler-rubber interactions, controls the crystallization rate.     

UV固化蓖麻油基聚氨酯丙烯酸酯/SiO2杂化材料的制备与性能Q

以异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯（IPDI）、蓖麻油（CO）和丙烯酸羟乙酯（HEA）合成了蓖麻油基聚氨酯丙烯酸酯（COPUA），以正硅酸乙酯（TEOS）和3-(异丁烯酰氧)丙基三甲氧基硅烷（MEMO）通过溶胶-凝胶法制备了改性硅溶胶，作为无机相与COPUA有机相复合得到了UV固化COPUA/SiO2杂化材料。调节MEMO与TEOS的配比得到一系列改性硅溶胶，通过测试确定了MEMO与TEOS的最佳配比为1：1（MT-1）。在此基础上，改变MT-1的添加量得到UV固化COPUA/SiO2杂化材料。用FT-IR、TEM、SEM、TGA等对杂化材料和涂层进行结构表征，测试复合涂层的力学性能和表面性能。当MT-1添加量为COPUA树脂质量的15%时，涂层内部SiO2粒子分布均匀，涂层表面光滑平整，光透过率达到100.2%，硬度为5H，附着力0级，柔韧性1mm；涂膜拉伸强度达到13.52MPa，断裂伸长率为7.49%。     

In3+离子在多孔SiO2干凝胶中的发光

采用常规的Sol-gel工艺合成了In^3 掺杂的多孔SiO2干凝胶，In^3 离子作为间隙离子存在于SiO2网络中，展示了一种新颖的发光现象，改变了多孔SiO2干凝胶的发射光谱。这种掺杂的多孔SiO2干凝胶的激发和发射光谱均由2个带组成，短波长的发光峰在440nm(λex=380nm），其相对荧光强度约是未掺杂的多孔SiO2干凝胶的4倍；长波长的发光峰（In^3 离子在多孔SiO2干凝胶的特征发射）在600nm(λex=476nm），其相对荧光强度约是In^3 掺杂ZnS纳米晶的10倍。由此可以看出：掺杂的多孔SiO2干凝胶是一种高效的发光材料。     

Thermal and flammability properties of a silica–poly(methylmethacrylate) nanocomposite

PMMA, poly(metheylmethacrylate), nanocomposites were made by in situ radical polymerization of MMA, methylmethacrylate, with colloidal silica (ca. 12 nm) to study the effects of nanoscale silica particles on the physical properties and flammability properties of PMMA. Transparent samples resulted and the dispersity of the particles was examined by transmission electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. The addition of nanosilica particles (13% by mass) did not significantly change the thermal stability, but it made a small improvement in modulus, and it reduced the peak heat release rate roughly 50%. Last, the flame‐retardant mechanism provided by the addition of nanosilica particles in PMMA is discussed. Published 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 89: 2072–2078, 2003     

Direct conversion of methane to higher hydrocarbons via an oxygen free,low-temperature route

The direct conversion of methane to higher hydrocarbons over a silica-supported Ru catalyst has been investigated via an oxygen free, two-step route. The reaction consists of decomposition of methane over a 3% silica-supp orted Ru catalyst at temperatures between 400 and 800 K to produce surface carbonaceous species followed by rehydrogenation of these species to higher hydrocarbons at of 368 K. It was found that the Ru/SiO₂ catalyst exhibits a trend similar to that for single-crystal Ru catalysts. However, the temperature at which a maximum in ethane selectivity occurs shifts toward a higher temperature. It was also found that the ethane yield can be optimized by changing the surface carbon coverage. Under optimum conditions a net ethane yield of about 13–15% has been realized. For this two-step reaction sequence, only a few reaction cycles could be operated without intermediate high temperature rehydrogenation and without significant loss in ethane yield. This is attributed to large amounts of inactive carbon that could not be hydrogenated at 368 K. Higher methane partial pressures were found to be desirable for this reaction. The activity of the catalyst could also be maintained at total pressures up to 10 atm.     

免标记DNA电化学传感器测定凝血酶

研制了一种基于介孔二氧化硅负载纳米金和适体DNA的免标记电化学传感器,用于检测凝血酶的含量。实验中先用三甲基氯硅烷(TMCS)封闭介孔二氧化硅(MPS)前驱体外壁硅羟基的活性,煅烧除去模板剂后,再用氨基丙基三乙氧基硅烷(APTS)与孔道内壁硅羟基反应,接枝氨基,最后得到内壁修饰氨基的介孔硅材料(APTS-TMCS-MPS)。金纳米粒子(GNPs)通过与APTS-TMCS-MPS氨基的静电作用力组装到介孔孔道内,然后和巯基修饰的适体DNA通过金硫键相结合,制得免标记探针(DNA/GNPs/APTSTMCS-MPS)。将探针修饰在玻碳电极表面,制得免标记DNA电化学传感器。将该传感器与含有凝血酶的待测液温育反应后,凝血酶和固定在介孔内的适体DNA发生特异性反应,形成位阻较大的适体DNA和凝血酶的复合物,从而增加了介孔孔道内的空间位阻,导致电流响应信号降低。随着凝血酶浓度的增加,孔道内部的位阻也随之增加。根据形成的复合物对电子转移和响应电流的阻碍,可以实现对凝血酶的免标记测定。实验结果表明,APTS-TMCS-MPS介孔孔道内的GNPs,可以提高孔道内电子的传递效率。在优化的实验条件下,该免标记DNA电化学传感器对凝血酶的检测线性范围是1.0×10-8~1.0×10-6 mol·L-1,检测限是7.5×10-9 mol·L-1(3σ)。     

熔石英元件抛光加工表面残余应力的计算方法

为解决传统检测方法无法直接定量检测非晶体熔石英玻璃表面残余应力的问题,基于脆性固体断裂力学理论,推导残余应力的理论计算公式,提出光学元件抛光加工表面残余应力计算新方法.采用尖锐压头进行纳米印压实验,提取压痕过程中对残余应力敏感的参数,并对实验数据进行线性拟合,确定拟合线的斜率,通过测量残余应力引起其他物理参数的变化计算残余应力.对比分析结果表明,计算得到残余应力值与应力双折射仪检测得到的数据基本吻合,验证了提出残余应力计算方法的正确性.     

单分散SiO_2胶体粒子的Zeta电位研究

以正硅酸乙酯和氨水为原料,采用Stober法制备单分散SiO2胶体粒子,利用纳米粒度Zeta电位测定仪测定SiO2胶体粒子的Zeta电位和粒度。研究结果表明,电解质对胶体粒子Zeta电位影响的差异较大,不同的离子对胶体粒子Zeta电位的影响也不相同;通过pH对Zeta电位值影响的研究,得出二氧化硅胶体粒子的等电点为pH=2;表面活性剂SDBS的加入也使得胶体粒子Zeta电位明显增大,当SDBS的浓度为0.5g/L时,Zeta电位绝对值最大。     

纳米二氧化硅的制备及在生物医学领域的应用

综述了近几年来纳米二氧化硅的一些主要制备方法,例如:St(o)ber法、模板法、微乳液法、气溶胶法.并且简述了纳米二氧化硅在抗菌剂、药物缓释等生物医学领域中的应用,以及纳米二氧化硅微球的浓度、粒径大小、表面性质等方面对纳米二氧化硅的生物安全性的影响.介绍了无定型纳米二氧化硅的毒性与其结构的关系,同时指出了单分散纳米石英颗粒的制备还存在许多亟待解决的难点.