Persistence of Mammary Artery Branches and Blood Supply to the Left Anterior Descending Artery

Background. Partial harvesting of the left internal mammary artery (LIMA) is a widespread technique used during minimally invasive coronary operations performed through a left anterior small thoracotomy. The influence of persisting LIMA branches was investigated to evaluate their effect on the blood flow of the left anterior descending artery.

Methods. Thirty patients, 15 with totally (group A) and 15 with partially (group B) harvested LIMAs, were evaluated. All the patients underwent postoperative angiography, during which a flow map of the LIMA was performed. The average peak velocity and the diastolic-to-systolic peak velocity ratio were recorded. The LIMA graft flow pattern was recorded in the proximal and distal thirds of the artery. Intramammary adenosine (12 to 14 μg) was injected and the average peak velocities before and after injection were calculated.

Results. The average peak velocity was similar in both groups in the proximal and distal thirds of the LIMA (25 ± 7 and 26 ± 5 cm/sec, respectively, in group A versus 27 ± 5 and 25 ± 5 cm/sec, respectively in group B; p = NS). The diastolic-to-systolic peak velocity ratio was similar proximally (0.78 ± 0.3 in group A versus 0.69 ± 0.3 cm/s in group B; p = NS), but not distally (1.72 ± 0.1 in group A versus 0.97 ± 0.3 in group B; p < 0.0005). The LIMA graft flow reserve was similar both proximally and distally (2.6 ± 0.6 and 2.5 ± 0.3 cm/s, respectively, in group A versus 2.6 ± 0.5 and 2.6 ± 0.3 cm/s, respectively, in group B; p = NS).

Conclusions. The persistence of LIMA branches does not influence the blood flow of the left anterior descending artery after acute adenosine-induced myocardial hyperemia. If a left anterior small thoracotomy is used in left anterior descending artery direct revascularization, complete LIMA harvesting is not mandatory and depends on the personal preference of the surgeon.     

Rupture of an isolated internal iliac artery aneurysm into the rectum: Report of a case

Aneurysmal rupture into the intestinal tract is a rare but disastrous complication of an internal iliac artery aneurysm. We report herein the successful surgical repair of a fistula between a huge aneurysm of the right internal iliac artery and the rectum in an 81-year-old man. After a femoro-femoral cross-over bypass had been performed, the aneurysm was opened and its patent arterial branches were ligated with sutures. The fistula was then intra-aneurysmally sutured and covered with an omental flap. The diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to this severe complication are discussed with a review of the literature following the presentation of this case.     

胫骨pilon骨折手术疗效的相关因素分析

目的探讨影响胫骨pilon骨折手术疗效的相关因素．方法1997年1月～1999年12月．手术治疗32例单侧胫骨pilon骨折．术后16例出现伤口并发症．关节退行性变及关节强直．男13例．女3例；年龄25～55岁，平均36．5岁；坠落伤7例，交通伤5例．砸伤3例．其它损伤1例，开放性骨折6例．均行急诊手术；闭合性骨折10例．伤后至手术时间为2～25d．平均8.1d、根据Ruedi-A1lgower分型．Ⅱ型7例，Ⅲ型9例。7例行切开复位钢板内固定．9例行有限切开固定并辅以石膏托外固定，结果术后随访12～36个月，平均24个月．采用Mazur评分系统评估手术疗效．可6例．其中Ⅱ型4例，Ⅲ型2例：差10例，其中Ⅱ型3例．Ⅲ型7倒术后发生创面不能闭合1例；切口感染4例，2例开放性骨折出现表浅感染．2例闭合性骨折出现深部感染；关节退行性变9例．其中2例出现较严重的踝关节内翻；关节强直11例，结论影响胫骨pilon骨折手术疗效的相关因素有骨折类型、胫骨关节面的复位质量和手术时机的选择、腓目骨折的复位和固定移植骨的填充及钢板支撑固定等因素。     

跟骨骨折的手术治疗

目的 探讨跟骨骨折手术治疗方法。方法 采用外侧切口，通过跟骨外侧骨皮质开门．将骨折复位后植骨．重建钢板螺钉内固定术．治疗24例（26足)。结果 术后均获5～32个月随访，按门振武等评分际准．优17例，良5例，差2例．结论 严重跟骨骨折手术治疗效果较满意。     

经关节突入路椎间融合椎弓根固定治疗峡部裂性腰椎滑脱

目的 评价经关节突入路手术治疗峡部裂性腰椎滑脱的应用价值。方法 2000年 9月 ~2003年 5月我院手术治疗峡部裂性腰椎滑脱患者 83例,随访患者 81例,年龄(55. 25±19. 21)岁,随访时间 (1. 68±0. 93)年。按照不同的手术入路方法分为两组,Ⅰ组经关节突入路,椎间融合椎弓根固定;Ⅱ组经椎板切除入路,椎间融合椎弓根固定。按各组术中的临床出血量、手术时间、术前和术后JOA评分等数据经SPSS11. 5统计软件处理数据。结果　术后采用Stauffer Coventry下腰椎术后疗效评定标准:临床优良率分别为 87%与 75%;术后神经功能改善率分别为 87. 81%与62. 88%。术后均无螺钉松动、断裂或者滑脱加重等并发症,有 3例假关节形成。结论　在峡部裂性腰椎滑脱的患者的手术治疗中,经关节突入路椎间融合椎弓根固定技术具有良好的临床效果。     

间接复位与微创钢板内固定术

应用内固定治疗骨折和保护骨的血供一直是一对矛盾，近年AO针对自身治疗原则中的某些不足，提出生物学固定(biological osteosynthesis，BO)，其核心目的就是保护骨折局部血运。间接复位(indirect reduction)和微创钢板内固定术(minimally invasive plateoste osynthesis，MIPD)是BO原则中的两个主要技术，其发展备受关注，本文就两门技术的原理、操作要点、应用前景做一介绍。     

青壮年新鲜股骨颈骨折的诊断和治疗

目的：探讨新鲜青壮年股骨颈骨折的诊断和治疗方法。方法：本组78例，平均34.4岁(20～48岁)。其中头下型24例，经颈型34例，基底型20例，均用3根折断加压螺纹钉固定。同时分别联合应用股方肌、缝匠肌肌骨瓣或带旋髂深血管的髂骨瓣。术后制动12周。平均随访3年4个月。结果：6例复位不良，其中5例出现骨折不愈合，共14例发生股骨头坏死。结论：新鲜股骨颈骨折的治疗原则应力求早期解剖复位，牢固固定。带肌蒂或血管蒂的髂骨瓣植入可以改善局部的血运，良好的骨折复位、早活动晚负重．有利于降低青壮年股骨颈骨折不愈合和股骨头缺血性坏死的发生率。骨折的严重程度直接影响预后．     

切开复位内固定治疗跟骨关节内骨折

跟骨骨折多为高处坠落伤所致,损伤机制为偏心负荷引起的剪切、压缩骨折,多累及距下关节面,属关节内骨折。2000-2004年我科采用切开复位内固定治疗跟骨关节内骨折并获得随访20例,取得满意效果。1临床资料本组20例,男15例,女5例;年龄20~60岁。均为闭合性骨折。术前均摄跟骨正侧位     

三种颈前路钢板重建对维持颈椎曲度和高度的比较

目的对3种不同颈椎前路钢板系统重建并维持颈椎融合节段曲度和高度的作用进行比较.方法 2002年1月～2004年6月,行颈前路减压,自体髂骨植骨,钢板内固定术122例;男85例,女37例,年龄14～70岁.根据采用Orion、Zephir、Codman 3种颈椎前路钢板系统分为A组37例、B组39例及C组46例.于术前、术后1周和随访时摄颈椎侧位X线片,测量融合节段的曲度和高度,并比较其变化及3组间差异.结果术后患者均获随访6～35个月,平均17.3个月.术后6个月3组患者术段颈椎均获骨性融合.且术后1周时颈椎融合节段曲度和高度较术前明显改善(P＜0.05),但最后1次随访时和术后1周比较,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),3组间比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 3种钢板系统均能有效重建并维持颈椎融合节段曲度和高度,近期效果优良.     

腰骶椎前路同种异体骨垫的设计及其初步临床应用

目的研制出腰骶椎前路同种异体骨垫并评价其生物力学性能和初步临床疗效。方法①CT测量:通过CT扫描测量33名正常人腰骶椎各椎间隙的前后点高度、腰骶椎的矢、冠状径,为设计出同种异体骨垫提供解剖学依据。②生物力学试验:将设计出的骨垫与钛网、自体髂骨对比,评价它们在三维运动范围、最大拔出力、最大抗压负荷等方面的生物力学性能。③临床初步应用:在临床工作中选择合适病例5例,应用骨垫前路融合技术评价其初步临床疗效。结果①CT测量结果:正常腰骶椎椎间隙前高大于后高,两者之间存在显著性差异(P<0.05)。前/后高范围(9.03/7.11~13.93/9.73)mm。正常腰骶椎横径大于矢状径,两者之间存在非常显著性差异(P<0.01),横径/矢状径范围是(40.51/29.38~46.20/33.98)mm。②生物力学评价:A、三维运动方面:骨垫、髂骨及钛网均能增强不稳节段的稳定性,C组、D组、E组、F组分别与B组比较,都存在显著性差异(P<0.01);但骨垫与钛网相比,两者的稳定性无明显差异(P>0.05);而与髂骨相比,骨垫更能增强脊柱稳定性,存在显著性统计学差异(P<0.01)。B、最大拔出力方面:骨垫、髂骨及钛网等三者之间均存在显著性差异(P<0.05),髂骨<骨垫<钛网。C、最大抗压负荷方面:骨垫、钛网两者之间无显著性差异(P>0.05),而与髂骨比较均存在非常显著性差异(P<0.01)。③临床疗效评价:本组病例均在随访之中,中、晚期疗效有待进一步观察评价。近期疗效根据Steffee方法评定临床结果。本组优3例,良2例,所有病例腰腿痛明显缓解或消失。术后X线片示其病变椎间隙高度恢复。结论腰骶椎前路骨垫设计符合腰椎生理解剖,短期内已具有足够抗压、抗滑、稳定脊柱节段的生物力学性能;其临床应用操作简单安全,恢复椎间隙高度好,融合后无异物遗留等优点。