含Li的Al-Zn-Mg-Cu合金沉淀析出过程的定量分析

应用小角度X射线散射技术结合TEM分析定量的描述Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Li合金时效过程中析出相尺寸分布和形貌等信息。通过分析确定合金在几种时效状态下析出相为轴比在0．2～0．4之间的扁回转椭球形。确定了析出相特征尺寸的对数正态分布和质量依回转半径的Maxwell分布。并分析分布曲线随动力强度Ks的变化特征，可以看出，析出相尺寸和质量分布曲线基本满足随动力强度增加，几何平均值增加，分布范围变宽。     

熔体过热处理对定向凝固界面形态及稳定性的影响

介绍了固液界面形态及稳定性的判据,即成分过冷理论和绝对稳定理论;简述了国内熔体过热处理的研究;详细阐述了熔体过热处理影响定向凝固界面形态及稳定性的现象及理论研究.并对今后熔体过热处理在定向凝固技术中的研究方向作了展望.     

形态对钯-氢体系热力学性质的影响

基于实验测定海绵Pd颗粒在278K-323K范围内吸放H2，D2的P-C-T曲线．结合文献给出的其它形态的Pd吸放氢结果进行系统比较分析．探讨了形态对钯-氢体系热力学性质的宏观影响和微观本质。在室温附近，氢的饱和固溶度与坪压随Pd的粒度减小而增加；Pd的形态或粒度对氢的饱和固溶度和吸氧坪压的影响程度刚随温度升高而减小，而且坪压之间的差别在温度较高时不再明显甚至消失。吸氘坪压差别大，解吸坪压差别小。Pd—H体系中α→β的相变热焓、热熵（绝计值)随粒度减小而减小，单晶Pd相应热力学函数最小。海绵Pd颗粒中的压力迟滞效应最明显．材料本底缺陷密度决定不同形态Pd-H体系的压力迟滞效应的大小。     

PP／mPE／无机填料三元复合材料的形态结构和力学性能

采用刚性无机填料对茂金属聚乙烯（mPE)弹性体增韧聚丙烯（PP）二元共混体系进行增强，从而制得PP／mPE无机填料三元复合材料。分别探讨了CaCO3用量对复合材料拉伸性能和低温冲击性能影响，并考察了不同填料的增强效果。实验结果表明，由于弹性体的存在，无机填料的增强作用减弱；共混物的低温冲击强度也因填料的加入而大幅度下降，但经过表面处理的高岭土体系的冲击强度反而提高。SEM断裂形貌显示，未经表面处理的填料和基体的界面结合较弱，而改性高岭土则以层状结构分散于基体中，并呈现牢固的界面结合。     

Polylactide films formed by immersion precipitation: Effects of additives,nonsolvent, and temperature

The influence of nonsolvent, crystallinity of the polymer film, and addition of dodecane (a poor solvent for the polymer and for the nonsolvent) on the morphology of polylactides films has been investigated and was related to phase separation behavior. Both amorphous poly‐DL ‐lactide (PDLLA) and crystalline poly‐L ‐lactide (PLLA) were dissolved in dichloromethane, and subsequently films were made by immersion in nonsolvent baths. PDLLA gave dense films without any internal structure, since the structure was not solidified by crystallization or glassification. PLLA films show varying structure depending on the nonsolvent. With methanol, asymmetric morphologies were observed as a result from combined liquid‐liquid demixing and crystallization, while with water symmetric spherulitic structures were formed. As a next step, dodecane was added, which is not miscible with the nonsolvent, and we found it to have a strong influence on the morphology of the films. The PDLLA films with dodecane did not collapse: a closed cell structure was obtained. In PLLA films, dodecane speeds up phase separation and induces faster crystallization in the films, and the porosity, size of the pores, and interconnectivity increased. When the PLLA solutions were subjected to a heat pretreatment, crystallization could be postponed, which yielded a cellular structure around dodecane, which did not contain spherulites anymore. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 104: 959–971, 2007     

Initial stages of tin electrodeposition from sulfate baths in the presence of gluconate

Tin electrodeposition in its initial stages in acid sulfate/gluconate baths was studied with varying tin and gluconate concentrations using potential-controlled electrochemical techniques. The deposit morphology was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). A comparison with tin electrodeposition from acid sulfate baths in the absence of gluconate was also carried out. Use of a highly acidic bath leads to nonuniform deposits, even in the presence of gluconate; at pH 4 deposits are uniform, brilliant and suitable for finishing applications. Tin crystallites have a well defined morphology which depends on bath agitation conditions. In the absence of agitation, the crystallites have the same tetragonal shape as in a sulfate bath without gluconate.     

Properties of poly(n‐butyl methacrylate) prepared by reverse atom transfer radical polymerization in an aqueous dispersed system

Reverse atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) of n‐butyl methacrylate (BMA) in waterborne media using Cu(II) complexes with azo initiators (i.e., reverse ATRP) was conducted. The influence of several factors, such as surfactant, catalyst, and reaction time, on the stability of the emulsion, the particle size, the morphology of the emulsion particles, and the control of the polymerization was investigated. The results showed great differences between ATRP and conventional emulsion polymerization, especially the nucleation mechanism and the kinetics. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 89: 1542–1547, 2003     

Binary blends of polyethers with fatty acids: A thermal characterization of the phase transitions

A series of binary blends of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO), poly(propylene oxide) (PPO), and polytetrahydrofuran (PTHF), characterized by similar average molecular weights, with selected fatty acids (capric acid, lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, and stearic acid) were prepared by melt mixing. Differential scanning calorimetry was applied to characterize the phase transitions of melting and crystallization, and a synergistic effect was found to occur for PEO/fatty acid blends, as evidenced by the values of the enthalpy of the phase transition. This effect was probably due to hydrogen bonding between PEO and the fatty (carboxylic) acids, which facilitated the formation of crystalline structures; an analysis of IR spectroscopy data showed a shift in the absorption bands of OH groups. The morphology development of the PEO/carboxylic acid blends, as observed with polarizing light microscopy, could be described as spherulitic growth with spontaneous selection of the lamellar thickness. The textures of the individual fibrils, consisting of stacks of several tens of lamellae corresponding to PPO and PTHF, were less regular than the texture of PEO and showed large macroscopic heterogeneity. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 90: 861–870, 2003     

熔体温度对气体辅助注射成型PC／PE共混物形态的影响

分别在低温（200℃）和高温（270℃）下制备了聚碳酸酯／聚乙烯（PC／PE）共混物的气体辅助注射成型制品，通过扫描电镜对PC相不同部位的形态观察，发现分散相PC的形变和分布受成型温度的影响比较大。在低温成型时，分散相PC从表层到气道都有变形，而在高温成型时，分散相PC在气道部位几乎没有变形。在形态分析的基础上，探讨了温度对气体辅助注射成型共混物形态的形成和分布的影响机理。     

Effects of substituted aromatic heterocyclic phosphate salts on properties,crystallization, and melting behaviors of isotactic polypropylene

Nucleation effects of 2,2′‐methylene‐bis (4,6‐di‐tert‐butylphenyl) phosphate metal salts as a nucleating agent for isotactic polypropylene (iPP) were investigated with differential scanning calorimeter and polarized optical microscope, and their effects on mechanical, optical, and heat resistance properties of iPP were also studied. The results showed that monovalent metal salts of substituted aromatic heterocyclic phosphate such as sodium salt, lithium salt, and potassium salt had a good performance. With 0.2 wt % of sodium salt, lithium salt, or potassium salt incorporated into iPP, the crystallization peak temperature of iPP could be increased by 13.5, 13.6, and 15.0°C, respectively; the mass fraction of crystallinity of iPP could be increased by about 5%; and crystallization rate was enhanced increasingly. Meanwhile the tensile strength and flexural modulus of iPP could be increased by about 10 and 30%, respectively, and the clarity and heat distortion temperature of iPP could also be improved significantly. But bivalent and trivalent metal salts of substituted aromatic heterocyclic phosphate had little effect on properties of iPP. Meanwhile the morphology study showed that the addition of monovalent sodium salt could decrease the spherulite size of iPP significantly. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 100: 4868–4874, 2006