C反应蛋白与心功能不全的关系

目的：探讨C-反应蛋白（CRP）在心功能不全中的变化及作用。方法：204例心血管病患者被分为心功能不全组（左室收缩功能不全，88例）和对照组（无心功能不全，116例），比较两组间CRP变化。结果：左室收缩功能不全组CRP水平显著高于对照组（P〈0．01）；CRP水平在心功能Ⅳ级组显著高于Ⅲ级组（P〈0．01），Ⅲ级组显著高于Ⅱ级组（P〈0．01）；冠心病组CRP显著高于高血压性心脏病（高心病）组和扩张型心肌病（扩心病）组（P均〈0．05），高心病组与扩心病组无显著差异（P〉0．05）。结论：心功能不全患者CRP水平升高与心功能不全程度关系密切，不同病因所致心功能不全CRP水平亦有不同，以冠心病CRP水平升高更明显。因此，CRP可作为评价心功能不全程度的重要参考指标。     

钙蛋白酶参与心力衰竭患者心肌重构的信号传导

目的 探讨钙敏感的信号物质钙蛋白酶(calpain)对心力衰竭(心衰)患心肌重构信号传导的调控。方法选择因二尖瓣狭窄伴关闭不全心脏病接受二尖瓣置换术的心衰患39例,正常对照38例(其中8例来自意外伤亡的器官捐献)。彩色多普勒超声心动图检测心功能参数,放免法检测心衰患血浆及心肌组织血管紧张素Ⅱ含量,免疫印迹法检测心肌组织calpain、钙调神经磷酸酶(CaN)的抑制蛋白(cain/cabin 1),cain／cabin 1降解产物(cain／cabin 1△)蛋白表达、CaN磷酸化。结果心衰患血浆及心肌组织血管紧张素Ⅱ浓度、心肌组织u-calpain、m-calpain、cain／cabin 1降解产物cain／cabin 1△蛋白表达及CaN磷酸化明显高于对照组,且随心功能恶化逐渐增加,cain／cabin 1蛋白表达随心功能恶化逐渐降低。结论心衰患通过calpain降解cain／cabin 1进而激活CaN信号通路,提示其在肾素一血管紧张素系统等介导的心肌重构中起一定作用。     

卡维地洛对慢性心力衰竭患者心功能和脑钠素的影响

目的观察卡维地洛对慢性心力衰竭(CHF)患者心功能和脑钠素(BNP)的影响。方法50例CHF患者随机分为常规治疗组和卡维地洛治疗组,观察治疗前、后BNP以及左室射血分数(LVEF)、左室短轴缩短率(FS)、每搏出量(SV)、心输出量(CO)、心脏指数(CI)等指标变化。结果两组治疗后BNP浓度均比治疗前有显著降低(P<0.05或P<0.01);与常规治疗组相比较,卡维地洛治疗组治疗后的BNP浓度降低差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),临床症状改善的总有效率显著增加(P<0.05),心功能各项指标(LVEF、FS、SV、CO、CI)得到明显改善(P<0.05或P<0.01)。结论卡维地洛能显著降低CHF患者的血浆BNP水平,改善其心功能状态。     

肝细胞生长因子治疗心肌梗死后心力衰竭的实验研究

目的研究经冠状动脉转染携带人肝细胞生长因子(hepatocytegrowthfactor,HGF)的腺病毒(adenovirus,Ad5)对猪心肌梗死后心力衰竭的改善作用。方法12只苏中幼猪,随机分成转染Ad5-HGF组(治疗组)和转染未携带肝细胞生长因子的腺病毒载体(null-Ad5)组(对照组),每组6只。结扎前降支制成心肌梗死模型,手术后第4周及第7周时行冠状动脉造影和门控心肌灌注显像,评价侧支循环形成程度(Rentorp法)、心肌灌注及心功能的变化;用ELISA法检测肝细胞生长因子蛋白表达;以免疫组织化学法检测基因导入后平滑肌肌动蛋白抗体阳性(SMA )有灌注功能血管生成情况。结果经冠状动脉转染Ad5-HGF后心肌高度表达人HGF蛋白;治疗组心肌血流灌注及左心室射血分数(LVEF)较对照组明显改善;治疗组侧支循环形成明显增多,每平方毫米功能血管的数量明显高于对照组。结论经冠状动脉转染Ad5-HGF能使心肌高度表达HGF蛋白。HGF对梗死心肌的侧支循环形成、心肌灌注及心功能均有改善作用,能促进功能血管数增多。     

Comparison of acute haemodynamic effects of dopexamine hydrochloride, dobutamine and sodium nitroprusside in chronic heart failure

Dopexamine hydrochloride (Dopacard®) is a new syntheticcatecholamine compound, which possesses potent ß2-adrenergicand D A 1-dopaminergic agonistic properties. It is free of a-adrenergicactivity, has no ß1-adrenergic activity and is lesspotent at D A2-dopaminergic receptors than dopamine. In thepresent study the acute haemodynamic effects of dopexamine hydrochloridewere compared to those of dobutamine and nitroprusside in 12patients with idiopathic congestive cardiomyopathy in an opencrossover study. With dopexamine hydrochloride, there were dose-dependentincreases from control in cardiac output and stroke volume,decreases in blood pressure, right and left atrial pressure,systemic vascular resistance and pulmonary vascular resistanceand little change in heart rate. Similar effects were seen withnitroprusside, apart from a marked increase in heart rate, andwith dobutamine, except that systolic aortic blood pressureincreased and there was no change in diastolic or mean pressureor pulmonary artery systolic pressure. In general, dopexamine hydrochloride produced effects betweenthose produced by the other two treatments. This suggests thatdopexamine with its combined vasodilator and inotropic actionhas a desirable cardiovascular profile with advantages overthe ß1-receptor aganist dobutamine and the pure vasodilatorsodium nitroprusside.     

心脏再同步化治疗慢性心力衰竭的临床疗效

目的观察心脏再同步化治疗对慢性心力衰竭患者改善心功能和逆转左心室重构的作用。方法11例慢性心力衰竭患者接受心脏再同步化治疗,心功能NYHA分级Ⅲ～Ⅳ级,左室射血分数≤35%,伴QRS波时限≥130ms。随访1～36个月,观察和分析术前、术后相关参数的基准水平及参数基准水平的变量。结果心脏再同步化治疗后1～36个月,左心室射血分数、左心室短轴缩短率增加,左心室舒张末内径、二尖瓣返流、QRS波时限减少,NYHA分级提高到Ⅰ～Ⅱ级,6min步行距离明显增加。结论对于心功能NYHA分级Ⅲ级或Ⅳ级伴有室内传导阻滞的心力衰竭患者,心脏再同步化治疗能逆转左心室重构,改善心功能。     

Prognostic Value of Global Longitudinal Strain in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: A Systematic Review of Existing Literature

ObjectivesThe association of left ventricular global longitudinal strain (LV-GLS) with clinical outcomes in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) has been examined in multiple studies. The authors conducted a systematic review aimed at summarizing and critically appraising the current evidence.BackgroundHCM is a common genetic cardiovascular disease with an estimated prevalence of 1 in 500 patients. LV-GLS derived from speckle tracking echocardiography is a sensitive noninvasive method of assessing regional left ventricular function. Several studies have suggested association of abnormal LV-GLS with outcomes in HCM patients.MethodsA computerized literature search of all English language publications in the PubMed and EMBASE databases was made looking at all randomized and nonrandomized studies conducted on patients with HCM where association of LV-GLS with clinical outcomes was studied. We then manually searched the reference lists of included articles. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses statement (PRISMA) of reporting systematic reviews was used.ResultsOur search yielded a total of 14 observational studies published between 2009 and 2017 with a total of 3,154 patients with HCM. Eleven of the 14 studies included a composite cardiac outcome which included mortality as their primary outcome of interest and 3 of the 14 studies looked at association of LV-GLS with ventricular arrhythmias and/or implantable cardiac defibrillator discharge. We noted wide variability in inclusion, methodology, follow-up, and consequently effect estimates, which was not conducive to performing a meta-analysis. However, despite the variation, all studies revealed a degree of association of abnormal LV-GLS with poor cardiac outcomes.ConclusionsOur systematic review of more than 3000 HCM patients suggests an association of abnormal LV-GLS with adverse composite cardiac outcomes and ventricular arrhythmias.     

左卡尼汀治疗老年冠心病并左室舒张功能不全的疗效

目的：观察左卡尼汀治疗老年冠心病并左室舒张功能不全的疗效。方法：80例老年冠心病并左室舒张功能不全患者被随机分为两组，对照组予利尿剂、硝酸酯类药物、G受体阻滞剂、血管紧张素转化酶抑制剂或血管紧张素受体拮抗剂治疗，治疗组在此基础上加用左卡尼汀2g／d静点，1次／d，疗程20d。观察治疗前、后心功能状况、左室舒张功能的有关参数的变化，并观察药物不良反应。结果：两组治疗后临床症状均有好转，但治疗组的总有效率及显效率均高于对照组（P〈0．05），同时治疗组舒张功能指标A峰、E峰、E／A比值改善显著优于对照组（P〈0．01），且未见不良反应。结论：左卡尼汀可安全、明显改善老年冠心病并左室舒张功能不全者的临床症状和心功能指标。     

比索洛尔对心力衰竭患者心功能及血淋巴细胞内游离钙浓度的影响

目的 :研究心力衰竭患者心功能与血淋巴细胞内游离钙浓度的关系及比索洛尔对二者的影响。方法 :应用超声心动图及荧光分光光度计分别测定 40例心力衰竭患者和 15例健康人的左室舒缩功能和血淋巴细胞内游离钙浓度 （[Ca2 +]i） ,心衰患者中 2 5例在强心、利尿、扩血管等治疗基础上加用比索洛尔 5 mg/ d,另 15例患者仅常规治疗。 3周后重复各项检查。结果 :1心衰患者血淋巴细胞内 [Ca2 +]i 显著高于正常对照组。 2比索洛尔治疗 3周后 ,心功能改善 ,血淋巴细胞内 [Ca2 +]i 明显降低 （P<0 .0 1）。3心功能改善程度与 [Ca2 +]i 降幅呈正相关 （r=0 .6 8,P<0 .0 1）。结论 :比索洛尔与心力衰竭常规治疗联合应用 ,能明显改善患者心功能 ,其机制可能与抑制交感神经过亢活性 ,逆转心肌细胞内 Ca2 +超载有关     

心力衰竭病人心肌组织血管紧张素Ⅱ受体基因表达与心肌重塑

目的：了解不同程序充血性心力衰竭（CHF）病人心肌细胞血管紧张素Ⅱ型受体（AT1）、AT2的mRNA表达与心肌重塑和心功能的关系。方法：通过手术取材,采用RT－PCR技术测定31例瓣膜病所致CHF病人不同心功能组与5例正常人心肌细胞AT1和AT2的mRNA表达。结果：瓣膜病所致心力衰竭（心衰）病人心肌组织呈心肌重塑的病理改变。轻度心衰病人心肌细胞AT1mRNA表达较正常人增高,中重度心衰组AT1mRNA表达明显降低,AT2mRNA表达差异无显著性,但AT1／AT2比值明显降低。结论：心肌细胞AT1在轻度心衰病人增高可能与心肌肥厚的发生有关,重度心衰病人心肌细胞占优势的受体亚型从AT1转变为AT2,其功能意义可能是对心衰的局部保护机制,也可能通过AT2诱导心肌细胞凋亡,致心功能进一步恶化。