典型块状煤的可见-近红外光谱特征分析

本文综合论述了典型块状煤的可见-近红外光谱特征,首先对煤种选取和测定的基本方式进行细致论述,之后分析了煤反射光谱曲线的典型特征,并得出了典型块状煤在可见-近红外波段光谱测试的结果,旨在于通过此次论述分析,在实际工作中以最快的速度和最低的成本识别块状煤的种类,并为煤炭探测光谱传感器的研发提供全新的思路。     

双技能培养视角下工程造价专业实践教学改革途径

本文将对双技能视角下工程造价专业实践教学改革难点因素进行分析,并就如何更好进行专业实践教学改革提出合理建议。     

分子荧光法测定茶叶中的硒含量

硒是人体生活必须的微量元素之一,具有多种生物功能,可以促进抗体的合成,提高机体免疫力,解除有毒物质毒性的作用,人们愈来愈关注茶叶中硒元素对人体的益处。本文采用分子荧光法测定茶叶中硒含量,通过单因素试验确定最佳工艺条件:最佳的pH值范围为1. 5～2. 5,DAN溶液用量为5 m L时最好,最优水浴反应的时间为5 min,最佳的环己烷萃取量为6 m L。在此条件下对茶样消解测得每克茶叶中含有210 ng硒。     

复合保鲜剂对阿根廷鱿鱼中生物胺的控制作用

生物胺是一类具有生物活性、含氮的低分子质量有机化合物的总称。微量生物胺有利于人体健康,而当摄入生物胺过多时会引起毒性反应,产生中毒现象。本文研究ε-聚赖氨酸盐酸盐和百里香酚及其复合使用对阿根廷鱿鱼中主要生物胺的抑制效果,为水产品中生物胺控制提供理论依据。复合保鲜剂(0.025%ε-聚赖氨酸盐酸盐+0.025%百里香酚)能有效控制阿根廷鱿鱼中的生物胺,较单独使用0.05%ε-聚赖氨酸盐酸盐和0.05%百里香酚的抑制效果更好。整个贮藏期间,与对照组相比,复合保鲜剂组生物胺降低达到40%～60%,同时也能有效降低硫代巴比妥酸(TBA)、菌落总数(TVC),减缓鱿鱼肌肉颜色的变化,感官品质的下降和pH值的上升,从而延长鱿鱼的货架期。     

改性油菜秸秆吸附材料对Cu(Ⅱ)的吸附

以油菜秸秆粉末为原料,分别采用甲醛-硫酸、戊二醛-硫酸、过氧化氢对其改性,得到生物质吸附材料。利用原子吸收分光光度计测定吸附后Cu(Ⅱ)溶液的吸光度,得出由甲醛-硫酸、戊二醛-硫酸改性的油菜秸秆吸附效果相对更好。进而以戊二醛-硫酸改性后的油菜秸秆作吸附材料,改变实验条件,结果表明,在25℃、振荡20 min,其对Cu(Ⅱ)的吸附效果最好,达到95. 87%。     

温度对氩-甲烷体系气-液平衡性质影响的分子动力学模拟

采用分子动力学模拟方法,探讨了氩-甲烷二元混合物体系气-液平衡性质与温度之间的关系。模拟结果表明,气、液相主体中氩组分的摩尔分数,均随着温度的升高而降低。随着温度增加,气-液界面厚度增大,气-液界面张力减小,组分氩的表面过剩吸附量降低,相对挥发度减小。饱和汽体逸度与其相对应压力之间的偏差,随着温度的增大而增大。温度对液氩活度系数的影响不大。     

Advances in statistical mechanics of rock masses and its engineering applications

To efficiently link the continuum mechanics for rocks with the structural statistics of rock masses,a theoretical and methodological system called the statistical mechanics of rock masses(SMRM)was developed in the past three decades.In SMRM,equivalent continuum models of stressestrain relationship,strength and failure probability for jointed rock masses were established,which were based on the geometric probability models characterising the rock mass structure.This follows the statistical physics,the continuum mechanics,the fracture mechanics and the weakest link hypothesis.A general constitutive model and complete stressestrain models under compressive and shear conditions were also developed as the derivatives of the SMRM theory.An SMRM calculation system was then developed to provide fast and precise solutions for parameter estimations of rock masses,such as full-direction rock quality designation(RQD),elastic modulus,Coulomb compressive strength,rock mass quality rating,and Poisson’s ratio and shear strength.The constitutive equations involved in SMRM were integrated into a FLAC3D based numerical module to apply for engineering rock masses.It is also capable of analysing the complete deformation of rock masses and active reinforcement of engineering rock masses.Examples of engineering applications of SMRM were presented,including a rock mass at QBT hydropower station in northwestern China,a dam slope of Zongo II hydropower station in D.R.Congo,an open-pit mine in Dexing,China,an underground powerhouse of Jinping I hydropower station in southwestern China,and a typical circular tunnel in Lanzhou-Chongqing railway,China.These applications verified the reliability of the SMRM and demonstrated its applicability to broad engineering issues associated with jointed rock masses.