拉曼光谱技术在深海原位探测中的研究进展

拉曼光谱是一种分子指纹光谱,在物质成分识别和定量分析领域已得到广泛应用,近年来也逐渐应用于深海极端环境 的原位探测。回顾了激光拉曼光谱技术的发展历程,介绍了国内外已经研发的深海激光拉曼光谱探测系统,并着重介绍 了各系统在深海冷泉、热液等极端区域对喷口流体、沉积物孔隙水、自生碳酸盐岩、水合物等目标物的原位探测和 应用,最后总结了限制拉曼光谱技术在深海取得更多应用的因素,可以为拉曼光谱技术未来的发展提供参考。     

固体染料激光器的研究进展

综述固体染料激光器的发展及研究最新成果。系统地阐述了固体染料激光器的基质、抽运光源、染料光稳定性和新型激光染料合成等方面。     

线阵CCD在岩屑图像采集中的应用

本文利用线阵CCD的快速图像采集功能实现了PDC钻头条件下岩屑图像的可靠采集,应用于石油勘探领域.线阵CCD、数据采集卡,与终端PC机一起构建了完整的岩屑图像摄像核心系统.通过编写摄像控制程序和大量实验改善了采集的岩屑图像质量,达到了岩屑识别描述的要求.     

Development of a micro-joule portable LIBS system and the preliminary results for mineral recognition

Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) has been extensively applied due to the capabilities of real-time, multi-phase and multi-element analysis. With the advantages, portable LIBS is in rapid development with great potential of field measurements. In this work, a portable LIBS was developed by a 50 μJ level laser for excitation and an objective lens for focusing or imaging. Element detection was successfully achieved by this setup, and also the microscopic observation could be obtained with the magnification of 350×. A preliminary investigation was carried out for mineral recognition by the developed portable LIBS. The obtained results indicate that the element detection combined with micro observation was an effective way for recognizing minerals, especially for similar mineral identification or discrimination. It is suggested that the micro-joule laser could be alternative for the commercial portable LIBS, and the on-site mineral or rock recognition is a promising field for the application.     

Spectra-assisted laser focusing in quantitative analysis of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy for copper alloys

Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy(LIBS) is a capable technique for elementary analysis,while LIBS quantitation is still under development. In quantitation, precise laser focusing plays an important role because it ensures the distance between the laser and samples. In the present work, we employed spectral intensity as a direct way to assist laser focusing in LIBS quantitation for copper alloys. It is found that both the air emission and the copper line could be used to determine the position...     

基于最近邻比较和中值滤波的拉曼光谱spike自动检测及剔除方法研究

激光拉曼光谱技术具有原位、实时、多物质同时探测的优点,在实验室内已经得到了广泛研究,并逐渐应用于深海海底等极端环境下的原位探测。由于CCD等光谱探测器可能受到宇宙射线的干扰,会在拉曼谱图上形成位置随机的spike,对拉曼光谱分析造成干扰。将最近邻比较和中值滤波相结合的方法应用于海水实测拉曼光谱spike的检测剔除,首先将原始拉曼光谱分为拉曼峰区域和非拉曼峰区域,对拉曼峰区域使用最近邻比较法处理,对非拉曼峰区域使用中值滤波方法,结果显示该方法能将非拉曼峰区域和拉曼峰区域的spike完全剔除,没有出现误检和漏检,且不会对拉曼特征峰强度产生影响,有助于提高拉曼光谱定性定量分析的精确性和稳定性。     

深海原位激光拉曼光谱系统释样设计与海试

为了满足对实验室研制的原位激光拉曼光谱系统的深海环境探测能力的评测要求,设计了一套应用于深海环境的释样装置,该装置分为样品储存释放和样品扩散缓存2部分.将样品罐装到5个样品缸内,随系统下放至深海;在甲板上通过CTD来控制海鸟采水器释放钩来实现样品的释放;释放样品经导管注入扩散缓存装置,以延缓扩散速度,形成稳定化学场,缓...     

同步荧光光谱多点函数拟合确定原油样品浓度技术

目前油田使用的定量荧光录井中存在二维发射光谱单一峰值浓度的定量测量范围小、多次稀释增大了人为误差和浪费的问题.利用同步扫描荧光光谱技术,在10^-4g/L至10g/L浓度范围内获取胜利油田原油样品在不同浓度下波长差为40nm的正己烷萃取液的同步光谱,发现不同的浓度下同步光谱不仅表现为峰高变化,峰位也有显著变化.选取了最具代表性的7个峰值,将光谱数据在非线性范围内进行多峰值的最小二乘法浓度响应函数拟合,多点同时定量,所得误差小于5%,重复率和准确率较高.图1表2参9     

潮湿环境对黄铜烧蚀阈值的影响

采用光偏转法测量了3种粗糙度的黄铜样品在潮湿环境与干燥环境下的激光烧蚀阈值.结果表明,两种烧蚀环境下,表面粗糙度越大,烧蚀阈值越低;同一粗糙度时,潮湿环境比干燥环境烧蚀阈值低.说明粗糙表面及潮湿表面对光的吸收率大,通过同一泵浦能量密度下冲击波渡越时间的不同而得到证明.     

数据动态监测及可视化管理

本文设计系统软件实时监测保存在EXCEL表格中的动态数据，并对其进行可视化管理。以VC＋＋6．0为开发工具，结合DDE机制和ODBC思想读取动态数据并构造数据库给以管理。同时，基于动态数据库和MapX控件构造地理信息系统对数据进行专题化显示。文章对其中涉及的关键技术、系统功能和开发步骤作了详述。