云南遮放-宾川和孟连-马龙宽角地震剖面的层析成像研究

依据有限差分反演和射线反演的方法,利用走时、振幅比和重力布格异常数据对云南地区遮放—宾川和孟连—马龙宽角地震剖面的地壳上地幔结构进行层析成像研究. 遮放—宾川测线地壳厚度为35～46km,孟连—马龙测线地壳厚度33～44.5km. 局部位置上地幔顶部P波速度值偏低,速度值变化范围大,反映出云南地区是典型的构造活动区的特点. 地壳上地幔结构存在一定程度的深浅构造一致性,意味着浅部物质活动存在深部背景. 遮放—宾川剖面速度结构显示地表怒江断裂东侧存在贯穿地壳的大规模低速异常,可能与深部物质上涌活动有关. 遮放—宾川线和孟连—马龙线速度结构显示作为一级构造单元分界线的红河断裂是超壳断裂,怒江断裂深及上地幔. 而昌宁—双江断裂显示为低角度铲式断层,意味着该断裂切割并不深. 云南地区强震的发生往往与延伸到上地幔的深大断裂有关,且一些浅源地震经常位于中上地壳深大断裂与其他断裂的交汇部位、高速块体与低速块体接触带上速度等值线弯曲的位置. 推测这样的位置有利于能量和区域应力的积累.     

Crustal structure beneath the Songpan——Garze orogenic belt

AbstractThe Benzilan-Tangke deep seismic sounding profile in the western Sichuan region passes through the Song-pan-Garze orogenic belt with trend of NNE.Based on the travel times and the related amplitudes of phases in therecord sections,the 2-D P-wave crustal structure was ascertained in this paper. The velocity structure has quitestrong lateral variation along the profile.The crust is divided into 5 layers,where the first,second and third layerbelong to the upper crust,the forth and fifth layer belong to the lower crust.The low velocity anomaly zone gener-ally exists in the central part of the upper crust on the profile,and it integrates into the overlying low velocitybasement in the area to the north of Ma’erkang.The crustal structure in the section can be divided into 4 parts:inthe south of Garze-Litang fault,between Garze-Litang fault and Xiashuihe fault,between Xianshuihe fault andLongriba fault and in the north of Longriba fault,which are basically coincided with the regional tectonics division     

P-wave crustal velocity structure in western Sichuan and eastern Tibetan region

A deep seismic sounding profile located in the western Sichuan and eastern Tibetan region extends from Batang (Zhubalong) to Zizhong, Sichuan. It passes through the Songpan-Garzê Fold System and the Longmenshan Tectonic Zone, and ends in the Yangtze Craton. Based on the travel times of phases on the profile, incorporating information on the relevant amplitudes, we determined 2-D P-wave crustal velocity structure along the profile, analyzed the principle differences between the crustal and upper mantle structure in the Western Sichuan Plateau and Sichuan Basin, discussed the deep feature of the major faults on the profile, the tectonic relation between the Yangtze Craton and the Tibetan Plateau and the deep structural environment where strong earthquakes occurred.     

三江地区地壳结构及动力学意义:云南遮放-宾川地震反射/折射剖面的启示

位于中国云南省的三江地区的断裂主要包括金沙江-红河断裂、澜沧江断裂和怒江断裂(三江断裂带). 通过解释跨过滇西构造域中腾冲与保山地块的遮放-宾川宽角反射/折射地震剖面, 文中以地震波旅行时层析成像方法获得了地壳纵波速度结构, 以地震散射成像方法获得地壳反射结构, 从而重建了研究地区的地壳、上地幔反射结构. 给出的研究区地震P波速度和反射结构图像表明:该剖面的地壳结构可以划分为3个块体, 各块体间地壳速度与反射图像具有明显差异, 保山段地壳速度较东西两段为低, 莫霍界面反射强. 该地区地壳厚度为40 km左右, 并具有从西向东增厚的趋势. 腾冲南, 即剖面上80~115 km地段, 在8~10 km深处存在一组亮点形式的强反射带, 莫霍界面反射波场在横向变化明显. 对三江断裂地带地壳增厚的方式, 地震孕育的构造环境及腾冲、保山地块、潞西海槽之间的接触关系等问题进行了讨论.     

冈瓦纳型和扬子型地块地壳结构: 以滇西孟连-马龙宽角反射剖面为例

滇西孟连-马龙宽角反射地震剖面切过保山地块(冈瓦纳型), 思茅地块和扬子地块(扬子型)西南部. 通过解释宽角反射地震资料, 获得了这3个地块与昌宁-孟连和墨江缝合带的壳/幔纵波速度结构及相应的地壳和上地幔反射结构图像. 结果表明:思茅地块的地壳P波速度较之保山和扬子地块西南部低, 地壳厚度由保山地块、思茅和扬子地块西南部逐渐增厚. 这三个地块的地壳反射图像也具有明显的差异. 冈瓦纳型地块内上地壳反射发育, 而中下地壳反射很弱. 扬子型地块内地壳反射发育. 思茅与扬子地块西南部反射图案有明显的特殊性. 研究区地壳厚度为 40 km左右. 最后对滇西三个地块的地壳增厚的方式、地震孕育的构造环境冈瓦纳型和扬子型地块的相互作用进行了讨论.     

Seismological study on the crustal structure of Tengchong volcanic-geothermal area

Introduction The Tengchong volcanic-geothermal area is located on the northeast edge of the collision zone between Indian and Eurasian plates, and belongs to Eurasian volcanic zone (the MediterraneanHimalayanSoutheast Asia volcanic zone). In Tengchong area, the Quaternary volcanic, geothermal and seismic activities are all intensive. These phenomena have been drawing the attention of many geoscientists in the world. Their studies are concerned with geology, geophysics, geochemistry, and cr…     

中国大陆下扬子及邻区地壳结构基本特征：深地震测深研究综述

The Deep Seismic Sounding( DSS) projects carried out from the 1970 s in the lower Yangtze region and its neighboring area were reviewed in this paper,then the basic wave group features of those wide angle reflection / refraction record sections,and of the crustal structure are summarized. It shows that there were in total five clear wave groups on the record sections,which include the first arrival Pg,the reflection P1 from the bottom interface of the upper crust,the reflection P3 from the bottom interface of the middle crust,the strong reflection Pm from the Moho boundary,and the refraction Pn from uppermost mantle. In general,these phases are easily consistently traced and compared,despite some first arrivals being delayed or arriving earlier than normal due to the shallow sedimentary cover or bedrocks. In particular,in the Dabie Mountain region the seismic events of a few gathered shots always have weak reflection energy,are twisted,or exhibit disorganized waveforms, which could be attributed to the disruption variations of reflection depth,the broken Moho,and the discontinuity of the reflection boundary within crust. The regional crustal structures are composed of the upper,middle and lower crust,of which the middle and lower layers can be divided into two weak reflection ones. The crustal thickness of the North China and Yangtze platform are 30km- 36 km,and the Moho exhibits a flat geometry despite some local uplifts. The average pressure velocity in lower crust beneath this two tectonic area is 6. 7 ± 0. 3km / s. Nevertheless,beneath the Dabieshan area the crustal thickness is 32km- 41 km,the Moho bends down sharply andtakes an abrupt 4km- 7km dislocation in the vertical direction. The average pressure velocity in the lower crust beneath the Dabieshan area is 6. 8 ± 0. 2km / s.     

长江中下游成矿带及邻区三维Moho面结构:来自人工源宽角地震资料的约束

为深入理解长江中下游地区在中生代成矿的深部动力学过程,对跨越宁芜矿集区地质廊带内的非纵剖面反射/折射地震数据进行动校正和时深转换处理,获得了非纵方向的Moho面深度;联合纵测线和非纵测线上Moho面深度数据,获得了长江中下游成矿带及邻区的三维Moho面深度结构.结果显示宁芜矿集区下方的Moho面整体较浅,约32~34km,华北块体合肥盆地内Moho面整体较深,约34~35km.Moho面深度和区域布格重力异常变化趋势对应良好.宁芜矿集区下方Moho面呈上隆特征,支持长江中下游地区成矿模式中增厚岩石圈发生拆沉、软流圈的上隆及底侵作用等动力学过程.Moho面平行于成矿带走向的变化趋势,预示长江中下游成矿带地壳和上地幔在板块边界发生了NE-SW向的切向流动变形.郯庐断裂带两侧,Moho面深度变化较大,表明地表近陡立的郯庐断裂为深大断裂,深部可能切穿Moho面并延伸至上地幔.     

Tomographic investigation of the upper crustal structure and seismotectonic envi—ronments in Yunnan Province

Investigation has been made for the upper crust structure and seismotectionic environments in Yunnan Province using the plentiful DSS data of the four profiles.The derived velocity model has a good relationship with the ex-posed basins,uplifts and faults.The low velocity anomaly corresponding to the volcano also has been revealed.There exits a prominent lateral inhomogeneity within the upper crust of Yunnan region.The depth of crystalline basement generally ranges from 0km to 5km,and the bedrocks are exposed on the ground directly in some places,nevertheless the thickness of sedimentary cover also can reack to 8km or even 12km at some targe depressions.Although the Changning-Shuangjiang fault is a boundary between two first class tectonic units,its incision depth within the crust maybe shallow.On the other hand,known as the plates‘seam,the Honghe fault has a distinct evi-dence of extending into the mid-lower crust.The widely spread activity of the volcanoes in the geological era has a close relationship with the earthquake‘s occurrence nowadays.Despite of the ceasing of the volcanoes in some places on the ground,the material in the mid-lower crst is still active,and there still exists strong upward stress-As the ceasing of the volcanoes on the surface,most parts of the power from the lower crust and the upper mantle cannot be released;therefore it accumulates at some appropriate tectonic locations.Moreover,the saturation of the water from the basin,the action of other fluids,and the effects of the outer stress maybe another direct reason ac-count for the strong earthquakes‘occurrence in Yunnan region.     

腾冲火山地热区地壳结构的地震学研究

根据腾冲火山地热区实施的人工地震测深剖面资料 ,用有限差分反演和正向走时拟合方法确定了地壳二维 P波速度结构 .地壳模型显示 ,在腾冲的热海热田附近上地壳存在低速异常体 ,它与火山地热活动可能有关 .测线的二维地壳结构上显示出两条地壳断裂 :龙陵—瑞丽断裂和腾冲断裂 ,其中腾冲断裂可能切穿莫霍界面 .同时 ,根据远震波形资料反演腾冲热海热田地区的 S波速度结构 ,也显示出该地区上地壳存在 S波的低速异常 .本文从深部结构方面探讨腾冲火山的成因 .腾冲火山地热区地壳具有低 P波和 S波速度、低电阻率、高热流值和低 Q值 ,以及上地幔也具有低 P波速度的特点 .由此推测地壳内岩浆来源于上地幔 ,腾冲附近地区存在的上地壳低速度异常可与岩浆的分异作用相联系 .与地球上大多数的活动火山一样 ,腾冲火山位于移动板块之间的边界附近 ,属于“板块边界”火山