58例炎性肌纤维母细胞瘤临床特点与疗效分析

目的 分析炎性肌纤维母细胞瘤患者局部区域复发风险和影响长期生存的相关因素。方法 回顾分析2002—2017年本院收治的58例首程治疗或首程辅助治疗的炎性肌纤维母细胞瘤患者资料。采用Kaplan-Meier法计算生存率,Logrank法检验和单因素预后分析。结果 中位随访34个月,单纯手术50例,手术+辅助放疗7例。17例治疗失败,16例为LRR,3例DM中2例合并局部失败。5例死因为肿瘤复发或转移。5年LRRFS率为75%、OS率为90%。单因素分析提示手术切缘(P=0.018)及肿瘤局部分期(P=0)是影响LRRFS因素。结论 外科根治性切除联合辅助治疗是提高炎性肌纤维母细胞瘤疗效的关键。     

蝶窦原发恶性肿瘤16例治疗分析

目的 分析原发蝶窦恶性肿瘤治疗结果。方法 回顾分析2000—2013年我院收治的原发蝶窦恶性肿瘤16例。初诊无颈部淋巴结发生转移。Ⅳ_A期1例, Ⅳ_B期15例。治疗方法包括手术+放疗11例、单纯手术1例、单纯放疗3例、单纯化疗1例。手术全部为减瘤手术。放疗中位剂量69.96 Gy (56.00~ 80.56 Gy)。结果 全组3年LC、DMFS、DFS、DSS分别为67%、69%、44%、58%, 减瘤术+放疗组分别为67%、55%、30%、41%。全部保留眶内容物及颅底。全组LR率25%, 远处转移率37%, 淋巴结复发率6%。预后分析未见与LC率及DSS相关因素。结论 蝶窦肿瘤经减瘤手术+术后放疗在保留眼眶及颅底前提下能取得良好疗效。蝶窦肿瘤治疗后淋巴结复发率低, 临床不建议常规颈部淋巴结预防照射。     

416例鼻咽癌调强放疗远期生存与影响因素分析

目的 总结鼻咽癌调强放疗(IMRT)的远期生存与影响因素。方法 本院2001—2009年采用IMRT技术治疗初程鼻咽癌患者 416例,鼻咽原发灶、阳性淋巴结的大体肿瘤体积处方剂量为 70~78 Gy,临床靶体积处方剂量为60 Gy,淋巴结阴性引流区处方剂量为 50~56 Gy。Ⅲ+Ⅳ期 333例中 187例接受以顺铂30 mg/m²每周1次为主的同期化疗。Kaplan-Meier法计算生存率并Logrank法检验和单因素预后分析,Cox法多因素预后分析。结果 随访率98.0%,随访超过 5年的 158例。影响总生存的因素有性别(χ²=4.59,P=0.03)、年龄(χ²=11.20,P=0.00)、T分期(χ²=19.40,P=0.00),N分期(χ²=18.00,P=0.00),T分期影响局部控制(χ²=34.80,P=0.00),T分期、N分期均影响无瘤生存率和无远处转移生存(χ²=33.50、21.20,P=0.00、0.00和 χ²=11.90、14.60,P=0.01、0.01)。Ⅲ+Ⅳ期 333例中同期放化疗(187例)和单纯放疗(146例)的 5年局部控制率为82.2%和90.7%(χ²=1.72, P=0.19)、总生存率为70.2%和83.4%(χ²=1.42,P=0.23)、无瘤生存率为62.8%和73.2%(χ²=2.83,P=0.09)、无远处转移生存率为78.0%和83.2%(χ²=0.37,P=0.55)。结论 鼻咽癌IMRT取得较好疗效,但同期化疗的作用仍有待进一步证实。     

川陕滇乌头属药用植物资源调查

目的 调查四川、陕西、云南乌头属药用植物及附子药材主产区的资源、栽培及产地加工现状,为乌头类药材的资源保护、规范栽培、产地加工、质量控制等提供依据。方法 通过文献调研及走访产地、市场对四川、陕西、云南乌头属药材产区的乌头属植物种类、分布和附子药材情况进行调查。结果 四川、陕西、云南乌头属药用植物品种较多,分别有67、63、10个种。乌头属药材主要来自人工栽培,但基原复杂;乌头属药材新种植区域产地加工欠规范,部分存在品种间掺混现象。结论 四川、陕西、云南乌头属药用植物资源丰富,应加强资源保护、种源鉴定和新品种选育,大力推广规范栽培及产地加工,规范流通市场,建立质量溯源体系,保证用药安全。     

乳腺癌改良根治术后大分割放疗Ⅰ～Ⅱ期临床试验的近期结果

目的 探讨乳腺癌改良根治术后大分割放疗的近期疗效和副反应.方法 38例高危乳腺癌患者改良根治术后化疗后,同侧胸壁和锁骨上下放疗43.5 Gy分15次3周完成,观察急性放疗反应发生率和肿瘤的局部区域控制率.结果 中位随访13个月,入组38例患者全部生存,无照射野内复发,远处转移率为13%(5例).5例患者出现3级放射性皮炎,均发生在放疗结束后2～3周.3例患者出现2级放射性肺炎.结论 乳腺癌改良根治术后43.5 Gy分15次3周完成的大分割放疗方案的急性副反应可以接受,近期疗效较好.     

Postmastectomy hypofractionation radiotherapy in high-risk breast cancer patients: A phase Ⅰ/Ⅱ clinical trial

目的 探讨乳腺癌改良根治术后大分割放疗的近期疗效和副反应.方法 38例高危乳腺癌患者改良根治术后化疗后,同侧胸壁和锁骨上下放疗43.5 Gy分15次3周完成,观察急性放疗反应发生率和肿瘤的局部区域控制率.结果 中位随访13个月,入组38例患者全部生存,无照射野内复发,远处转移率为13%(5例).5例患者出现3级放射性皮炎,均发生在放疗结束后2～3周.3例患者出现2级放射性肺炎.结论 乳腺癌改良根治术后43.5 Gy分15次3周完成的大分割放疗方案的急性副反应可以接受,近期疗效较好.     

Comparison of acute toxicities between two postoperative concurrent chemoradiotherapy regimens of capecitabine with or without oxaliplatin in patients with stage Ⅱ and Ⅲ rectal cancer

Objective To compare the acute toxicities between two prospective, non-randomize phase Ⅱ trials on adjuvant radiochemotherapy of capecitabine with or without oxaliplatin in patients with stage Ⅱ and Ⅲ rectal cancer. Methods From March 2005 to November 2007,based on two fulfilled phase Ⅰ studies,two phase Ⅱ trials were launched respectively to further observe the tolerance and toxicity. In one tria1,118 patients were treated with concurrent capecitabine and radiotherapy (Cap-CRT trial), with radio-therapy of DT50 Gy/25 F/5 wks to the pelvis, and capecitabine at a dose of 1600 mg/m2/d(d1-d14,3 weeks per cycle). In the other trial, 90 patients received concurrent oxaliplatin, capecitabine and radiothera-py(Cap-Oxa-CRT trial), with the same radiotherapy schedule, while oxaliplatin at a dose of 70 mg/m2(d1, d8) and capecitabine of 1300 mg/m2/d(d1-d14,3 weeks per cycle). Results There was no significant difference in the delay of radiotherapy (10.2% vs 6.7%, X2=0.80, P=0.460) or chemotherapy (9.3% vs 19.1%, X2=4.80,P=0.090) between Cap-CRT and Cap-Oxa-CRT trials. Grade 1-4 leukopenia,diar-rhea and nausea were the most common acute side-effects in the both trials, accounting for 70.2%, 65.9% and 42.3%, respectively. When comparing with Cap-CRT trial, Cap-Oxa-CRT trial had significantly more grade 1-4 non-hemotological toxicities, mainly in Gl,including nausea (68.9% vs 22.0%, X2=46.90, P= 0.000), diarrbea(76.7% vs 57.6%, X2=13.50, P=0.009), fatigne(47.8% vs 13.7%, X2=18.90,P= 0.000), hand-foot syndrome (14.4% vs 4.2%, X2=7.10, P=0.029), and inappetence (50.0% vs. 27.9%, X2 = 25.70, P=0.000), but not in hematological toxities of leukopenia, anemia or thrombocytope-nia. Of all the patients,grade 3 and grade 4 toxicities were diarrhea(24.0% and 1.0%),leukopenia(4.3% and 0.0%),radiation-induced dermatitis(3.8% and 0.0%),cramping abdominal pain(1.0% and 0.0%) and fatigue(0.5% and 0.0%). Only grade 3 and 4 diarrhea was significantly more in Cap-Oxa-CRT trial than in Cap-CBT trial(33.0% vs 18.6%, X2=5.90,P=0.023). Conclusions For patients with stage Ⅱ and Ⅲ rectal cancer,both the postoperative concurrent radiochemotherapy regimens are tolerable,though Cap-Oxa-CRT trial has more grade 3 and 4 diarrhea.     

Comparison of acute toxicities between two postoperative concurrent chemoradiotherapy regimens of capecitabine with or without oxaliplatin in patients with stage Ⅱ and Ⅲ rectal cancer

Objective To compare the acute toxicities between two prospective, non-randomize phase Ⅱ trials on adjuvant radiochemotherapy of capecitabine with or without oxaliplatin in patients with stage Ⅱ and Ⅲ rectal cancer. Methods From March 2005 to November 2007,based on two fulfilled phase Ⅰ studies,two phase Ⅱ trials were launched respectively to further observe the tolerance and toxicity. In one tria1,118 patients were treated with concurrent capecitabine and radiotherapy (Cap-CRT trial), with radio-therapy of DT50 Gy/25 F/5 wks to the pelvis, and capecitabine at a dose of 1600 mg/m2/d(d1-d14,3 weeks per cycle). In the other trial, 90 patients received concurrent oxaliplatin, capecitabine and radiothera-py(Cap-Oxa-CRT trial), with the same radiotherapy schedule, while oxaliplatin at a dose of 70 mg/m2(d1, d8) and capecitabine of 1300 mg/m2/d(d1-d14,3 weeks per cycle). Results There was no significant difference in the delay of radiotherapy (10.2% vs 6.7%, X2=0.80, P=0.460) or chemotherapy (9.3% vs 19.1%, X2=4.80,P=0.090) between Cap-CRT and Cap-Oxa-CRT trials. Grade 1-4 leukopenia,diar-rhea and nausea were the most common acute side-effects in the both trials, accounting for 70.2%, 65.9% and 42.3%, respectively. When comparing with Cap-CRT trial, Cap-Oxa-CRT trial had significantly more grade 1-4 non-hemotological toxicities, mainly in Gl,including nausea (68.9% vs 22.0%, X2=46.90, P= 0.000), diarrbea(76.7% vs 57.6%, X2=13.50, P=0.009), fatigne(47.8% vs 13.7%, X2=18.90,P= 0.000), hand-foot syndrome (14.4% vs 4.2%, X2=7.10, P=0.029), and inappetence (50.0% vs. 27.9%, X2 = 25.70, P=0.000), but not in hematological toxities of leukopenia, anemia or thrombocytope-nia. Of all the patients,grade 3 and grade 4 toxicities were diarrhea(24.0% and 1.0%),leukopenia(4.3% and 0.0%),radiation-induced dermatitis(3.8% and 0.0%),cramping abdominal pain(1.0% and 0.0%) and fatigue(0.5% and 0.0%). Only grade 3 and 4 diarrhea was significantly more in Cap-Oxa-CRT trial than in Cap-CBT trial(33.0% vs 18.6%, X2=5.90,P=0.023). Conclusions For patients with stage Ⅱ and Ⅲ rectal cancer,both the postoperative concurrent radiochemotherapy regimens are tolerable,though Cap-Oxa-CRT trial has more grade 3 and 4 diarrhea.     

鼻咽癌患者血浆EBV-DNA检测的临床价值

目的 EB病毒与鼻咽癌的发生发展明确相关,多个研究显示血浆EBV-DNA对于鼻咽癌的诊断分期及预后判断有重要意义,因此对我院患者进行了血浆EBV-DNA的检测并分析其临床价值。方法 2013—2016年连续性鼻咽癌患者471例,分析其治疗前EBV-DNA水平与分期、肿瘤负荷的相关性,并对治疗前、治疗末EBV-DNA进行生存相关分析。结果 患者治疗前血浆EBV-DNA中位数137 copies/ml (0~494000),与T分期、N分期、M分期、总的临床分期、肿瘤负荷均有明显统计学相关性。生存分析显示治疗前血浆EBV-DNA拷贝数≤1300组比>1300组的患者有更好OS (P=0.007)、PFS (P=0.011)、DMFS (P=0.003)。治疗末血浆EBV-DNA不可检测到的患者有更好OS (P=0.016)、PFS (P=0.000)、DMFS (P=0.000)。Cox多因素分析T分期、治疗末是否可检测到EBV-DNA为OS (P=0.030、0.012)的预后因素,N分期(P=0.037、0.017)、放疗末是否可检测到EBV-DNA (P=0.006、0.001)为PFS及DMFS的预后因素。结论 鼻咽癌患者治疗前血浆EBV-DNA水平与分期及肿瘤负荷有明显相关性,治疗前EBV-DNA水平更高的患者可能治疗后的预后更差。治疗末血浆EBV-DNA是否可检测到对于OS、PFS、DMFS有较好的预测价值。     

辣木叶提取物对便秘小鼠润肠通便的作用及机制研究

目的探究辣木叶Moringaoleifera醇提物和水提物对便秘小鼠的通便作用及机制。方法昆明种小鼠随机分为对照组、模型组、酚酞(0.05 g/kg)组以及辣木叶醇提物低、中、高剂量(0.5、1.0、2.0 g/kg)组和辣木叶水提物低、中、高剂量(0.5、1.0、2.0g/kg)组,每组10只。通过失水燥结法建立小鼠便秘模型,给予药物进行干预,考察辣木叶醇提物和水提物对便秘小鼠首次排便时间、粪便含水率、6 h内排便数量、胃排空率、小肠内容物推进率的影响;采用苏木素-伊红(HE)染色考察辣木叶醇提物和水提物对便秘小鼠小肠组织病理变化的影响;采用ELISA试剂盒考察辣木叶醇提物和水提物对便秘小鼠血清中胃泌素、胃动素、内皮素和一氧化氮水平的影响;采用免疫组化法考察辣木叶醇提物和水提物对便秘小鼠小肠组织中胃泌素、胃动素、内皮素和一氧化氮蛋白表达的影响。结果辣木叶醇提物和水提物均能明显缩短小鼠首次排便时间(P0.01),提高粪便含水率(P0.05),增加6 h内排便数量(P0.05),提高小鼠胃排空率和小肠内容物推进率(P0.05、0.01),上调小鼠血清和小肠组织胃泌素、胃动素、内皮素分泌及表达(P0.05、0.01),下调血清和小肠组织一氧化氮分泌及表达(P0.05、0.01),减轻小肠绒毛损伤。结论辣木叶醇提物和水提物能够改善小鼠便秘,达到润肠通便的效果,其作用机制可能与调节小鼠胃肠激素水平、促进肠蠕动有关。