我国洛阳与菏泽牡丹主栽园区AM真菌多样性研究

为探明我国特有花卉牡丹 (Paeonia suffruticosa) 根围内的丛枝菌根(AM)真菌资源状况, 作者对河南省洛阳市与山东省菏泽市牡丹主产区土壤中的AM真菌进行了调查。共分离到AM真菌5属35 种, 其中球囊霉属(Glomus)在各采样点相对多度最高, 其次是无梗囊霉属(Acaulospora)。两地土壤中AM真菌种的丰度、孢子密度和物种多样性指数等存在差异: 菏泽赵楼牡丹园AM真菌种的孢子密度最高,而其种的丰度最低; 洛阳矬里牡丹种苗基地的孢子密度最低; 菏泽种苗基地的Shannon-Wiener指数显著高于其他样地。地球囊霉(Glomus geosporum)是洛阳王城公园和菏泽赵楼牡丹园的优势种; 缩球囊霉(Glomus constrictum)为洛阳土桥花木基地、洛阳牡丹园、菏泽牡丹种苗基地和菏泽赵楼牡丹园的优势种。本研究结果表明我国牡丹主栽园区AM真菌具有丰富的多样性。     

植食性哺乳动物觅食的功能反应及其模型

章主要介绍植食性哺乳动物觅食功能反应与模型的研究进展。植食性哺乳动物觅食的摄入率与其食物可利用性的功能反应是动物觅食生态学过程的基础。可利用植物的生物量密度、植物密度、植物大小、以及动物觅食的口量是影响动物觅食功能反应的潜在变量集。这些变量的差异导致动物功能反应格局的复杂化。生物量密度和植物密度对动物摄入率无明显影响,而植物大小对动物摄入率则有显影响。有食物密集的斑块条件下,以植物大小代替动物     

无融合生殖油菜AMR—1花托离体培养的研究

报道了不同激素浓度对无融合生殖没菜花托器官分化效果的研究,结果显示：（１）以ＭＳ为基本培养基,以带有子房和花柄的花托为外植体离体培养,花托、花柄切口部位直接芽诱导的最佳激素配比为４．０ｍｇ／Ｌ６－ＢＡ＋０．０１ｍｇ／Ｌ ＮＡＡ,频率为５８．８２％,花托、花柄部位先形成愈伤组织,继而分化出丛生芽的最佳激素配比为５．０ｍｇ／Ｌ ６－ＢＡ＋０．５ｍｇ／Ｌ ＮＡＡ,频率为８４．００％;（２）腋芽增殖的最佳     

兴安盟3个民族10对性状的基因频率

调查了内蒙古兴安盟汉、蒙古、朝鲜族的10对遗传性状,并计算了各民族每一性状的基因频率,同时也进行了民族间基因频率的比较。比较结果显示:汉族－朝鲜族间差异较大,蒙古族－朝鲜族间次之,汉族－蒙古族间差异较小。 Abstract：Ten genetic traits were investigated in Han,Mongol and Chaoxian nationalities in Xing'an League of Inner Mongolia.The gene frequency of the traits was calculated in each nationality and compared between the nationalities.The result indicated that the difference of gene frequency between Han and Chaoxian nationalities was significant,followed by between Mongol and Chaoxian ones,whileit was relatively insignificant between Han and Mongol ones.     

广东南亚热带马占相思林呼吸量的测定

 采用红外CO2分析仪离体测定了鹤山丘陵马占相思(Acacia mangium)的树干、树枝、树叶和树根等器官的呼吸速率,根据管道模型理论(Pipe model theory),测出马占相思各木质器官直径频度分布的函数表达式、呼吸速率与直径的幂函数关系表达式和林木各器官呼吸量的表达式。结果表明：各木质器官的呼吸速率与直径呈负相关,林木各器官的呼吸量则与胸径和树高(D2H)呈正相关;马占相思林的年总呼吸量(乔木层)为47.51 tCO2·hm-2, 其中树干、树枝、树叶、树根分别占总量的23.1％、13.9％、48.7％和14.4％,树叶占总量的近一半。     

刈割频率对两种牧草越冬的影响

刈割频率对皇草和杂交狼尾草越冬影响的实验表明,两者的根系生物量、根系养分贮量、越冬返青率和越冬产量均随刈割次数的增加而减少,但影响程度两者略有不同。刈割次数对杂交狼尾草的越冬返青率的影响更大,皇草的根系生物量和越冬产量则随刈割次数的增加而明显下降,本文还就如何减低刈割对牧草越冬的影响进行了讨论．     

用超显性模型估计遗传多态平衡的种群参数

基于超显性模型,采用数学方法阐述了种群遗传多样性的延续机制及平衡条件,从双等位基因导出的定律有较大的局限性,在许多教科书中常用的估计平衡态基因频数的定律只适用于双等位基因,本文用另一种方法导出一些公式,将其扩展到多等位基因,讨论了种群中基因数ｎ,遗传负载荷（Ｌ）,杂合频ＹＸ（Ｈｅ）和纯合频率（Ｈｏｍ）之间的关系。     

YAG倍频激光治疗血管性皮肤病临床分析

应用可变脉宽ＹＡＧ倍频５３２ｎｍ波长激光治疗８１例血管性皮肤病患者。每两个月重复一次,观察疗效。发现皮损表浅、婴幼儿、血管扩张程度轻者疗效好。８１例患者经过１～３次治疗,痊愈３８例,显效２８例,有效率８１．５％。说明ＹＡＧ倍频激光治疗血管性皮肤病有明显疗效,副反应少,是一种行之有效的方法。     

Variation in the frequency of the echolocation calls of Hipposideros ruber in the Gulf of Guinea: an exploration of the adaptive meaning of the constant frequency value in rhinolophoid CF bats

This study describes variation patterns in the constant frequency (CF) segment of echolocation calls of the bat Hipposideros ruber within and among populations across the region of the Gulf of Guinea. Correlations of variation in CF with variation in body size, body condition, environmental humidity and presence of ecologically similar species are studied in an attempt to identify the forces driving the evolution of CF. We found that bats may adapt the frequency to humidity, and that CF may evolve under interspecific interactions, either of ecological or of social nature. The results support an adaptive value for the high values of CF, and challenge the ‘Allotonic Frequency Hypothesis’. We found correlation between frequency and a body condition index, which may trigger social selection processes in this species sexually dimorphic in CF. Combined social and environmental selection on CF could trigger diversification of bats along ecotones separating habitats with contrasting air humidity.     

Mating frequency and resource allocation to male and female function in the simultaneous hermaphrodite land snail Arianta arbustorum

Sex allocation theory predicts that mating frequency and long‐term sperm storage affect the relative allocation to male and female function in simultaneous hermaphrodites. We examined the effect of mating frequency on male and female reproductive output (number of sperm delivered and eggs deposited) and on the resources allocated to the male and female function (dry mass, nitrogen and carbon contents of spermatophores and eggs) in individuals of the simultaneous hermaphrodite land snail Arianta arbustorum. Similar numbers of sperm were delivered in successive copulations. Consequently, the total number of sperm transferred increased with increasing number of copulations. In contrast, the total number of eggs produced was not influenced by the number of copulations. Energy allocation to gamete production expressed as dry mass, nitrogen or carbon content was highly female‐biased (>95% in all estimates). With increasing number of copulations the relative nitrogen allocation to the male function increased from 1.7% (one copulation) to 4.7% (three copulations), but the overall reproductive allocation remained highly female‐biased. At the individual level, we did not find any trade‐off between male and female reproductive function. In contrast, there was a significant positive correlation between the resources allocated to the male and female function. Snails that delivered many sperm also produced a large number of eggs. This finding contradicts current theory of sex allocation in simultaneous hermaphrodites.