判断中心原子轨道杂化方式的方法

在介绍通过由分子的价电子总数判断中心原子轨道杂化方式的方法的基础上,对由分子的价电子总数判断中心原子轨道杂化方式的简便方法进行改进,探讨用不饱和度方法快速判断中心原子轨道杂化方式的方法。     

低渗气藏中气体非线性渗流的特征分析

为了对低渗气藏中气体渗流特征有一个清楚和较为准确的认识,采用实验研究的方法,分析了低渗透储层中气体渗流特征。结果表明:在低渗透储层中,气体渗流表现出明显的非线性渗流特征,并且受多种因素影响;有效应力的增加,会导致岩石渗透率降低,气体在地层中渗流越困难;启动压力梯度增大,气体非线性渗流愈明显;滑脱作用越强,越有利于气体的渗流,提高气藏的产能;相同的压力梯度下含水率越高,渗流速度就越低,储层岩石的初始气测渗透率越低。该成果对天然气开采工程具有一定的参考价值和指导意义。     

剩余油潜力再评价技术在河南油田的应用

高含水后期,地下含油状况及渗透率等主要参数已发生很大的变化,这些变化的参数不仅关系到油藏储层与开发水平评价的指标,而且决定了今后开发方式的选择及调整方向的确定。由此,河南油田陆续引进了剩余油饱和度-RMT、PND一S、硼中子寿命测井新技术。现场应用表明,它们在不同油藏的应用及定量识别和描述剩余油富集区域和层段方面各具特色,为油田的措施挖潜和增油降水提供了技术支撑。     

乐安油田草4块Es4稠油油藏测井解释模型研究

研究区目的层段沙四段（Es₄）位处盆地边缘,地层埋藏浅（1000m左右）,储层疏松,油稠,岩石结构复杂,非均质性强、层间差异明显,测井资料解释难度较大。以取芯井分析化验、试油、试采和生产动态资料为基础,分别研究含砾砂岩、粗砂岩、细砂岩、粉砂岩、含砾泥质砂岩、泥质粉砂岩储层岩石的岩性、物性、电性及含油性之间的关系,分层段建立储层孔隙度、渗透率、含油饱和度测井解释模型。应用解释模型对研究区51口井进行了二次解释,结果表明,该解释模型具有较高的精度,为地质建模和剩余油挖潜研究提供了可靠的储层参数。     

蔗糖溶液结晶过程过饱和度的控制

本文论述糖液的浓度、纯度、粘度和温度对过饱和度的影响。评述当前国内测量糖液过饱和度主要采用的方法,如电导率法,流变度法和沸点升高法及其优缺点。提出间歇煮糖最适控制模型和在煮糖生产实际中正确控制过饱和度的具体措施,综述对过饱和度测量方法的改进。最后,指出确保在最适过饱和度条件下进行煮糖监控是有益的。     

New moon from an old hand

The outcome of the Apollo lunar exploration program 1969-1974 was a model of lunar petrogenesis which ignored the probability of selective volatilisation of gases and alkalis from fire-fountaining lunar basalts. It overlooked the fact that the average compositions of the erupted basalts were those of plagioclase-saturated and low-pressure cotectic liquids on eruption, clearly indicating that they were not primary magmas. The basalts may have undergone evolution by gabbro fractionation within the lunar crust, perhaps in large lava lakes now solidified as the lunar maria. The existing model involving a global magma ocean and plagioclase flotation to form the lunar crust arises solely from the incorrect assumption that the basalts are primary magmas. The plagioclase flotation hypothesis requires the presence of a significant positive europium anomaly in the lunar highland crust, and was founded upon its alleged presence. However, that positive anomaly is neither established by the original data set nor by the much broader current data set. Critical observations, and experiments which will advance the debate are suggested, and alternative interpretations outlined.     

Influence of water saturation on propagation of elastic waves in transversely isotropic nearly saturated soil

Biot‘ s two-phase theory for fluid-saturated porous media was applied in a study carried out to investigate the influence of water saturation on propagation of elastic wave in transversely isotropic nearly saturated soil. The characteristic equations for wave propagation were derived and solved analytically. The results showed that there are four waves: the first and second quasi-longitudinal waves (QP1 and QP2), the quasitransverse wave (QSV) and the anti-plane transverse wave (SH) . Numerical results are given to illustrate theinfluence of saturation on the velocity, dispersion and attenuation of the four body waves. Some typical numerical results are discussed and plotted. The results can be meaningful for soil dynamics and earthquake engineering.     

油水两相渗流压降数值试井模型的建立

数值试井问题不同于常规油藏数值模拟问题。介绍了数值试井模型中采用的非结构网络技术,给出了在非结构网络下油水两相流动控制方程的离散形式,而后耦合了井筒存储和表皮系数公式,得到了压力降落数值试井问题的产量模型。将压力法与数值试井模型进行了对比校验,发现随油井的生产,压力导数曲线呈上翘趋势。通过计算结果对比,对原压力法提出的无量纲方法进行了修正。修正后的双对数曲线均可与同参数的单相流双对数曲线重合,边界反应也可以从两相流的压降式井曲线中获得。     

氧化铝树枝晶形核机理初探

本文利用快速冷却试样研究了铝脱氧钢液中氧化铝树枝晶的形核机理。通过理论分析认为:氧化铝具有很高的表面能,只能通过非均质过程形核。而硅酸盐夹杂物的表面能只为氧化铝的10~(-8),具备在钢液中均质形核的条件。通过实验研究发现,当钢液加铝脱氧时,溶解铝和硅酸盐夹杂物发生反应,生成部分反应的硅酸盐夹杂物。这些夹杂物具有高铝质的外壳和高硅质的内核,其外壳由于转变应力而开裂。这些裂缝随后则作为基底而形核、生长出氧化铝树枝晶。     

应用高压半渗透隔板法测得的毛细管压力数据评价地层伤害程度

使用高压半渗透隔板法测得的毛细管压力数据在实验室内可以系统地评价地层伤害的程度。该方法是利用阈压的相对变化及毛细管压力和残余润湿相饱和度的变化,测定不同处理液对岩芯的伤害程度。该研究结果可用于实验室内筛选油田常用的钻井液、完井液与增产液系列和优选各种处理液的浓度。