Switching from Tacrolimus to Sirolimus Halts the Appearance of New Sebaceous Neoplasms in Muir-Torre Syndrome

Little is known about the effects of immunosuppression on patients with hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC). We describe a kidney transplant recipient with unrecognized Muir-Torre syndrome in whom the administration of a tacrolimus-based regimen led to the eruption of multiple sebaceous tumors. The patient was later found to harbor an MSH2 mutation. Switching to a sirolimus-based regimen resulted in arrest of the disease. When the patient was switched back to tacrolimus, new facial lesions rapidly appeared. Switching again to sirolimus resulted again in halting the appearance of new lesions. This finding is in line with the known antiangiogenic activity of sirolimus and reports on the regression of cutaneous Kaposi's sarcoma in kidney transplant recipients switched from another immunosuppressive regimen to sirolimus. Further studies on the potential use of sirolimus for the treatment of de novo tumors in immunosuppressed kidney transplant recipients with HNPCC are warranted.     

Sonographic diagnosis of early recurrence after inguinal herniorrhaphy: Potential pitfalls

Three patients who presented with scrotal swelling within a few days of inguinal herniorrhaphy are reported. Ultrasonography scans performed in these patients all demonstrated features suspicious of recurrence of hernia. One patient underwent surgical exploration, which revealed only a scrotal haematoma without evidence of recurrent hernia. The other two patients were managed conservatively because clinically the swellings were regarded to be more compatible with haematoma. Both patients had subsequent resolution of the scrotal swelling with no clinical evidence of recurrence of hernia on follow‐up. It is concluded that sonographic diagnosis of recurrence of hernia shortly after inguinal herniorrhaphy can occasionally be misleading.     

鼻咽癌常规放疗靶体积合理性的初步探讨

目的分析鼻咽癌常规放疗的局部控制情况和局部复发的剂量学模式,初步探讨照射靶体积确定的合理性.方法共476例初治鼻咽癌患者接受规范化单纯常规根治性放疗.全部病例均采用常规模拟定位,鼻咽靶体积为CT检查所见的原发病灶范围以及可能侵犯的亚临床病灶区域.利用Kaplan-Meier方法计算局部累积复发率;将鼻咽局部复发患者疗前和复发时局部病灶范围（Vnx和Vrecur）勾画于三维治疗计划系统,复制首程放疗的射野并按原处方剂量进行计算,根据剂量体积直方图进行剂量学评价：recurV95（95%处方剂量曲线包括的Vrecur）≥95%定义为野内复发,95%＞recurV95≥20%定义为野边缘复发,20%＞recurV95定义为野外复发.结果局部复发共52例,全组1、2、3、4年局部累积复发率分别为0.6%、3.9%、8.7%、11.5%.对42例局部复发的剂量学分析显示野内复发占多数（52%）,而大部分野边缘复发和全部野外复发均与射野设置不当、影像学阅片能力欠缺使首程放疗剂量不足有关.结论较好的局部控制率、复发的剂量学模式的分析结果提示该靶体积的设置比较合理.提高影像阅片能力,准确的射野设计,充分利用生物影像学工具,有针对性地提高照射剂量,有望进一步提高局部控制率.     

再手术治疗腰椎间盘突出症临床分析

目的 探讨腰椎间盘突出症再手术原因及处理对策。方法 对31例腰椎间盘突出症再手术的病例进行回顾分析。结果 再手术原因主要为术前诊断及定位错误，椎间盘切除不彻底，对神经根管狭窄认识不足，脊柱稳定结构破坏 多节段椎间盘突出症遗漏，椎管瘢痕粘连等。结论 腰椎间盘突出症手术前诊断及定位需准确，髓核切除要干净，并松解神经根，必要时扩大神经根管，注意维持脊柱神经稳定结构，多节段椎间盘突出术前应斟酌取舍。     

Endometrial carcinoma: Does the addition of intracavitary vault caesium to external beam therapy postoperatively result in improved control or increased morbidity?

A retrospective analysis of treatment for endometrial carcinoma is reported here. From 1987 to 1989, 138 patients were referred to the oncology department following total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy for endometrial cancer. Forty-seven patients were not prescribed postoperative radiotherapy; 31 had Stage I well differentiated adenocarcinoma with minimal myometrial invasion, while the remaining 16 patients were considered unfit for postoperative radiotherapy. There were no instances of local relapse amongst the 31 patients with minimal myometrial invasion.The remaining 91 patients all received external beam irradiation to the pelvis and, according to the preference of the individual therapist, 51 were prescribed additional intracavitary vault caesium-137. Patients receiving postoperative radiotherapy were analysed according to whether or not they received additional intracavitary vault caesium. The two groups were also analysed for incidence of vaginal vault recurrence and treatment related morbidity.In the group receiving additional intracavitary treatment more patients had Stage II or III disease (P<0.05), and had greater depth of myometrial invasion (P<0.05). Vaginal vault recurrence was not observed in patients receiving intracavitary therapy in addition to external beam therapy. Four patients (10%) receiving external beam therapy alone developed vaginal vault recurrence.The incidence of Kottmeier-Perez grade 2 or 3 bowel toxicity following treatment was significantly higher in those patients receiving combined treatment (18% vs. 2.5%; P<0.03). There was also a higher incidence of vaginal stenosis in the group receiving both external beam and intracavitary therapy (21% vs. 3%; P<0.05). There was only one instance of grade 2 bladder toxicity in the external beam and intracavitary treatment group and none in the external beam therapy alone group.In conclusion, postoperative radiotherapy for Stages I-III endometrial carcinoma was carried out in a non-randomized manner by two regimens; either external beam therapy alone or external beam therapy with additional intracavitary vaginal caesium. The combined therapy gave significantly better local control but resulted in significantly more late bowel and vaginal morbidity.     

Dotlike Hemosiderin Spots Are Associated With Past Hemorrhagic Strokes in Patients With Lacunar Infarcts

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Dotlike hemosiderin spots ongradient-echo T2(*)-weighted magnetic resonance imaging of the brain have been histologically diagnosed as old microbleeds associated with small vessel disease (SVD). The authors hypothesize that the presence of many dotHSs may be correlated with the fragility of small vessels and the recurrence of SVD, including lacunar infarction and deep intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). METHODS: To investigate how dotHSs are related to past history of SVD, the number of subcortical or deep dotHSs was investigated in 146 patients with lacunar infarctions (95 men, 51 women, age 38 to 90 [66.6+/-9.4] years). They were divided into 2 subgroups according to history of deep ICHs or lacunar infarctions. The odds ratio (OR) for past history was estimated from logistic regression analyses with the number of subcortical or deep dotHSs as well as other factors. RESULTS: Of 146 patients with lacunar infarctions, 11 had past symptomatic ICHs and 19 had past symptomatic lacunar infarctions. An elevated rate of history of ICH was found for lacunar infarction patients with many deep dotHSs (>or=3; OR, 9.1; 95% confidence interval, 1.6-51, P=.015). However, history of lacunar infarction was not significantly associated with the number of subcortical or deep dotHSs. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that many deep dotHSs on T2(*)-weighted magnetic resonance imaging may be correlated with deep ICH-lacunar infarction type of SVD recurrence but not lacunar infarction-lacunar infarction type.     

分化型甲状腺癌术后 131I治疗对复发的影响

目的　探讨分化型甲状腺癌 (DTC)术后复发的影响因素。方法　DTC术后随访患者 3组 :1组 2 98例 ,均为术后复发患者 ,分析首诊年龄、性别、术式、病理类型等因素对复发的影响 ;2组10 8例 ,为术后行甲状腺素替代治疗的患者 ;3组 12 4例 ,为术后行甲状腺素替代 1 31 I清除甲状腺剩余组织治疗的患者。进行后两组间年复发率对照分析。结果　① 1组DTC复发患者性别男、女之比(1∶1 5 )和病理类型滤泡状、乳头状癌之比 (1∶4 )均高于文献 (1∶2～ 3和 1∶8) ;原发灶甲状腺癌肿块切除、甲状腺单侧腺叶切除和双侧腺叶切除者复发百分率依次降低 (分别为 4 7 3%、34 2 %和 18 5 % ) ;复发多出现于术后 5年内 (6 5 1% ) ;复发部位以颈淋巴结居多 (2 3 5 % )。② 2组DTC术后 1、5和 10年复发率分别为 4 6 3%、8 33%和 12 0 4 % ,5 3 85 % (7 13例 )发生在术后 2年内 ,近端和远端复发分别占 5 3 84 %和 30 77% ;3组 1、5、10年复发率分别为 0 81%、4 0 3%和 7 2 6 % ,5 9例发生在术后 4年内 ,近端和远端复发分别为 5 9例和 2 9例。两组间差异有显著性 (P <0 0 5 )。结论　DTC首诊年龄、性别、术式、病理类型等对术后复发有一定影响 ;DTC术后行甲状腺素替代 1 31 I清除甲状腺剩余组织治疗可改善DTC预后 (延     

改良内侧上颌骨切除术治疗21例鼻息肉病

目的:探讨鼻息肉病的可行性手术方法,以提高治疗效果。方法:21例鼻息肉病患者一侧行唇龈沟径路,保留下鼻甲的改良内侧上颌骨切除术(modifiedmedialmaxillectomy,MMM);另侧行单纯鼻息肉摘除和鼻内筛窦切除术,并作为对照组。结果:术后随访12～34个月,平均20个月;改良内侧上颌骨切除术侧未见复发,另侧复发6例,两组复发率差异有显著性(P<0.05)。结论:改良内侧上颌骨切除术使鼻息肉病患者术后复发率显著降低,治疗效果显著,是一种可供选择的有效的治疗手段。     

Performance measures for evaluating services for people with a first episode of psychosis

Aim: The purpose of this project was to operationalize and apply a previously identified set of performance measures designed to evaluate services for those experiencing a first episode of a schizophrenia spectrum disorder. Methods: Operational definitions were developed for previously identified measures through an iterative process of discussions between clinical experts and health‐care evaluators. Data were collected from existing sources including corporate databases, clinical databases and chart review. Results: Definitions were developed for 44 measures covering seven of eight domains recommended for service level evaluation by the Canadian Institute for Health Information domains. Forty measures could be calculated. Conclusions: The measures represent a comprehensive set of performance measures suitable for the evaluation of services for people with a first‐episode psychosis. The measures could be used by other services in order to establish standards and norms for routine clinical practice.     

放射性脑损伤和脑肿瘤复发的鉴别诊断

放射性脑损伤是放射治疗的严重的并发症,其与脑肿瘤复发的鉴别诊断非常困难,目前主要依靠影像学诊断,核磁共振弥散加权像、磁共振波谱、正电子发射型计算机体层显像、单光子发射计算机体层显像等被认为对于鉴别诊断有一定的帮助,但其敏感性和特异性还有待于进一步研究。最终确诊依赖标本的组织学检查。