Improved techniques for ray tracing parametric surfaces

Several techniques for acceleration of ray tracing parametric surfaces are presented. Some of these are entirely new to ray tracing, while others are improvements of previously known techniques. First a uniform spatial subdivision scheme is adapted to parametric surfaces. A new space- and time-efficient algorithm for finding raysurface intersections is introduced. It combines numerical and subdivision techniques, thus allowing utilization of ray coherence and greatly reducing the average ray-surface intersection time. Non-scanline sampling orders of the image plane are proposed that facilitate utilization of coherence. Finally, a method to handle reflected, refracted, and shadow rays in a more efficient manner is described. Results of timing tests indicating the efficiency of these techniques for various environments are presented.     

On Knowing Which Way to Trace: Direction Errors During Visual Curve Tracing.

McCormick and Jolicoeur's (1991; 1994) zoom lens model of visual curve tracing proposes that curve tracing involves tracking a curve with a variable size local operator. Unspecified in their model is how the executive function guiding the processing field of this operator initially knows which direction to trace. An experiment was conducted to determine whether observers occasionally curve trace in the wrong direction. A typical curve tracing task involving the determination of whether two dots occur on the same line in a display consisting of two dots and two intertwining lines was used. Lengthening the curve segment at the beginning of a to-be-traced curve resulted in a slowing of response times only to dot locations close to the end of the to-be-traced line. Apparently, observers calculate curve tracing direction based on the spatial location of the second (i.e., target) dot, which can result in erroneously tracing in the wrong direction at dot locations farther along the line. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

MesoGAN: Generative Neural Reflectance Shells

We introduce MesoGAN, a model for generative 3D neural textures. This new graphics primitive represents mesoscale appearance by combining the strengths of generative adversarial networks (StyleGAN) and volumetric neural field rendering. The primitive can be applied to surfaces as a neural reflectance shell; a thin volumetric layer above the surface with appearance parameters defined by a neural network. To construct the neural shell, we first generate a 2D feature texture using StyleGAN with carefully randomized Fourier features to support arbitrarily sized textures without repeating artefacts. We augment the 2D feature texture with a learned height feature, which aids the neural field renderer in producing volumetric parameters from the 2D texture. To facilitate filtering, and to enable end-to-end training within memory constraints of current hardware, we utilize a hierarchical texturing approach and train our model on multi-scale synthetic datasets of 3D mesoscale structures. We propose one possible approach for conditioning MesoGAN on artistic parameters (e.g. fibre length, density of strands, lighting direction) and demonstrate and discuss integration into physically based renderers.     

多知识点融合嵌入的深度知识追踪模型

知识追踪任务是根据学生历史答题记录追踪学生知识状态的变化,预测学生未来的答题情况.近年来,基于注意力机制的知识追踪模型在灵活性和预测性能上都明显优于传统知识追踪模型.但是现有深度模型大多只考虑了单一知识点题目的情况,无法直接处理多知识点题目,而智能教育系统中存在着大量的多知识点题目.此外,如何提高可解释性是深度知识追踪模型的关键挑战之一.为了解决这些问题,提出一种多知识点融合嵌入的深度知识追踪模型.所提模型考虑涉及多知识点的题目中知识点之间的关系,提出两种新颖的多知识点嵌入方式,并且结合教育心理学模型和遗忘因素提升预测性能和可解释性.实验表明所提模型在大规模真实数据集上预测性能上优于现有模型,并验证各个模块的有效性.     

基于射线追踪传播模型实现5G室内分布系统仿真的研究

室内分布系统的建设已经成为解决深度覆盖问题的有效手段。目前,5G网络建设发展迅速,室内分布系统建设呈爆炸式增长,室内分布系统的网络规划和设计需要更加精细化。如何有效评估室内信号覆盖效果,成为当前室内分布系统规划设计的重要任务之一。以某大楼为研究对象,用射线追踪传播模型仿真计算覆盖性能指标,并将结果与现有网络的路测数据进行对比。经过校正相关模型参数实现仿真与实测一致,论证仿真为网络部署提供了参考依据。     

基于光学成像模拟的视觉里程计方法

针对视觉同步定位与建图(SLAM)算法前端漂移误差累积问题,提出基于光学成像模拟的视觉里程计方法。该方法利用稠密三维点云数据进行目标表面泊松重建及材质物理特性关联,依据光学物理特性和光线追踪原理构建基于物理模型的成像渲染引擎(PBRT),生成不同观测条件下的目标特性仿真图像;将目标特性仿真图像与光学相机拍摄图像进行配准与运动偏差恢复,并设计扩展卡尔曼滤波器(EKF)输出位姿状态最优估计值。通过原型系统研制与实验评估表明:该方法有效克服了传统方法漂移误差累积的问题,相较传统ORB-SLAM2算法前端定位精度提升了56%,为视觉里程计的设计提供了一种新的技术思路。     

基于光线跟踪的焦散模拟生成算法

针对普通光线跟踪无法绘制出焦散效果的情况,提出了基于光线跟踪的焦散模拟生成算法。该算法首先从光源位置对场景进行绘制跟踪并获得焦散数据,接着将焦散数据通过坐标变换投射到正常视点的屏幕中,并与正常视平面上原有的亮度值进行叠加,从而生成具有焦散效果的图像,最后使用高斯滤波方法对图形进行滤波处理获得最终图像。通过对比,焦散模拟生成算法比普通的光子映射方法在效果差别不大的情况下帧速率有了明显的提高。实验表明,基于光线跟踪的焦散模拟生成算法可以逼真地绘制图像,同时能达到较高的帧数率。     

New scheme of dynamic traitor tracing against the immediate rebroadcast attack

Traitor tracing schemes are introduced to combat the piracy scenarios. The notation of dynamic traitor tracing is proposed by Fiat and Tassa,which fights against rebroadcast of decrypted content. In this paper,using the idea of searching user address level by level,a new dynamic traitor tracing scheme based on a multilevel structure of user set is constructed. The scheme proposed can efficiently combat with the immediate rebroadcast attack,and possesses lower tracing complexity. Importantly,the tracing scheme can be applicable to systems with different sizes of subscriber sets.     

松花江流域水环境化学耗氧量模拟及参数分析

为进一步探讨松花江流域佳木斯段COD降解特性,利用水团追踪及罗丹明B示踪实验,采用水质数学模型分析结合水团追踪实测数据,重点研究佳木斯江段平水期和冰封期的COD模型,识别相应特征参数,验证模型的有效性．结果表明:通过罗丹明B示踪实验分析,确定了松花江佳木斯段横向扩散系数为0.41 m²/s,纵向扩散系数为43.51 m²/s;水团追踪实验方法确定了松花江佳木斯段COD衰减系数K(20)=0.188;对松花江佳木斯段COD模型参数进行了温度参数修正K(T)=0.188×1.109 8T-20．松花江佳木斯江段的实测结果和模型模拟结果误差在10％以内,证明了模型应用和所获得参数的有效性．     

自主水下机器人深海热液羽流追踪仿真环境

提出用自主水下机器人(autonomous underwateer vehicle,AUV)基于仿生行为追踪深海热液羽流,进而快速、精确定位海底热液喷口;并针对AUV追踪深海热液羽流的仿生控制策略研究需要,设计、实现了一个计算机仿真环境.首先介绍了基于AUV的深海热液羽流追踪和该仿真环境的模块化构成,然后给出了仿真环境中的流场和羽流仿真模块所采用的仿真模型及其高效的数值求解算法,和为便于蒙特卡洛仿真而设置的一组随机初始条件和边界条件,以及介绍了控制系统仿真模块采用的一种基于行为的模块化的AUV控制系统体系结构.该仿真环境体现了AUV追踪热液羽流的仿生控制策略研究的问题复杂性因素,包括流场非均匀和非定常,羽流分布不规则、不连续、空间尺度大,羽流轴线弯曲,以及羽流含有浮力上升部分和包含非守恒示踪物质,并且具有较好的可视化效果.同时,该仿真环境具有较高的计算效率,适合于实时仿真和蒙特卡洛仿真研究.分析和演示表明,该仿真环境满足研究需要,为AUV追踪深海热液羽流的仿生控制策略研究提供了有力的支持.