极危孑遗蕨类中华水韭叶结构的系统学意义

水韭属是濒危的孑遗植物,是研究古生态及其物种演化的活化石。本文用扫描电子显微镜和透射电子显微镜观察了中华水韭叶片的结构特征,首次报道了:(1)通气道横隔细胞在同一平面以5~7个放射状短臂相互连接,且细胞表面有数百个微纤毛;(2)叶表皮为复表皮;(3)光合细胞以5~7个短臂在3D空间相互连接;(4)叶脉不分支,管胞的环纹与初生壁间另有连接结构,管胞周围有薄壁细胞紧密包围;(5)舌足与叶肉嵌合处各有表皮;(6)自气孔下室观察了气孔器的内侧结构,为气孔研究拓展了视野。认为水韭属叶片的超微3D结构具有稳定的特殊性和复杂性,与近源的石松科及卷柏科相差甚远,证明水韭有孤立的演化路线。     

焙烧预处理过程中硫的转化对浸金的影响

以贵州某卡林型金矿为悁究对象,采用XRD、化恘分析等方法,探索了焙烧预处理过程中焙烧温度、焙烧时间对硫转化率与金浸出率之间相互影响规律。结果表明,在700℃温度下,焙烧1.5~2 h,可以充分打开金的硫化物包裹,浸出率近90%;硫转化率由83.01%升高至91.02%,金浸出率与硫转化率基本呈线性正相关关系,相关系数r=0.93517。     

茄叶提取液在盐酸介质中对碳钢的缓蚀性能

通过动电位极化曲线法、电化学阻抗法、失重法和扫描电镜法研究了茄叶提取液在1mol·L-1 HCl中对碳钢的缓蚀性能和机理。结果表明:茄叶提取液的最佳提取条件为盐酸浓度3.0mol·L-1、温度55.0℃、时间62h;在最佳条件下提取的茄叶提取液缓蚀性能优异,当茄叶提取液质量浓度为1 800mg·L-1时,失重缓蚀率达92%以上;茄叶提取液在碳钢表面的吸附符合Langmuir吸附等温模型,茄叶缓蚀剂可显著抑制碳钢的腐蚀。     

基于BP神经网络的传力片冲裁凸模磨损仿真预测

以离合器盖总成中的传力片作为研究对象,借助Deform-3D仿真软件模拟了传力片冲裁过程中的凸模磨损情况,依据正交仿真试验的数据以及BP人工神经网络对传力片冲裁凸模的磨损量进行仿真预测。将冲裁间隙、凹模刃口圆角半径与冲裁速度作为BP神经网络的输入层,将冲裁凸模的最大磨损深度作为BP神经网络的输出层,建立3-12-1的3层BP神经网络。BP神经网络通过训练之后,仿真预测的最大误差为1.14%。基于正交试验的仿真数据对BP神经网络的性能进行检验,BP神经网络的仿真预测值与数值模拟值之间的误差为2.09%,并利用冲压级进模对BP神经网络的仿真预测值进行试验验证,两者之间的相对误差为8.25%,验证了BP人工神经网络应用于传力片冲裁凸模磨损仿真预测的准确性。     

Alterations in Serum Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Eicosanoids in Patients with Mild to Moderate Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

Smoking is a major risk factor for several diseases including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). To better understand the systemic effects of cigarette smoke exposure and mild to moderate COPD—and to support future biomarker development—we profiled the serum lipidomes of healthy smokers, smokers with mild to moderate COPD (GOLD stages 1 and 2), former smokers, and never-smokers (n = 40 per group) (ClinicalTrials.gov registration: {"type":"clinical-trial","attrs":{"text":"NCT01780298","term_id":"NCT01780298"}}NCT01780298). Serum lipidome profiling was conducted with untargeted and targeted mass spectrometry-based lipidomics. Guided by weighted lipid co-expression network analysis, we identified three main trends comparing smokers, especially those with COPD, with non-smokers: a general increase in glycero(phospho)lipids, including triglycerols; changes in fatty acid desaturation (decrease in ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, and an increase in monounsaturated fatty acids); and an imbalance in eicosanoids (increase in 11,12- and 14,15-DHETs (dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acids), and a decrease in 9- and 13-HODEs (hydroxyoctadecadienoic acids)). The lipidome profiles supported classification of study subjects as smokers or non-smokers, but were not sufficient to distinguish between smokers with and without COPD. Overall, our study yielded further insights into the complex interplay between smoke exposure, lung disease, and systemic alterations in serum lipid profiles.     

模芯钴含量对仿荷叶PDMS制件表面疏水性的影响

目的在采用电铸镍钴合金提高模芯硬度的基础上,研究模芯钴含量对仿荷叶PDMS制件表面质量与疏水性的影响,探明镍钴合金模芯用于模板法制备仿荷叶超疏水表面的可行性。方法采用电铸-聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)二次复制模板法先后制备荷叶母模、镍钴合金电铸模芯与仿荷叶疏水表面PDMS制件。采用数字式显微硬度仪、超景深三维显微镜、Image-Pro Plus图像处理软件、激光共聚焦显微镜等分析模芯钴含量对模芯硬度与PDMS制件表面微结构、粗糙度及疏水性的影响。最后采用接触角测量仪进一步测量与分析PDMS制件表面的疏水性能。结果当镍钴合金模芯钴含量(质量分数计)达到22.4%以上时,模芯硬度较纯镍模芯由244.1HV提升至450HV以上。当模芯钴含量从0增加到51.5%时,仿荷叶PDMS制件表面微结构深宽比先从2.12减小至1.72,再增加至2.38;微结构面积占比从19.15%减小至15.03%;表面粗糙度Ra值从59.01μm增加至74.93μm;静态接触角从166.22°线性减小至149°左右,疏水性降低。结论相比微结构深宽比与面积占比,表面粗糙度对PDMS制件疏水性的影响占主导作用。镍钴合金模芯硬度显著提高的同时,随钴含量的增大,仿荷叶PDMS制件的静态接触角从166.22°减小至149°左右,但仍具有良好的疏水性。     

Reaction behavior of kaolinite with ferric oxide during reduction roasting

The pre-separation of silica and alumina in aluminosilicates is of great significance for efficiently treating alumina-/silica-bearing minerals for alumina production. In this work, the reaction behavior of kaolinite with ferric oxide during reduction roasting was investigated. The results of thermodynamic analyses and reduction roasting experiments show that ferrous oxide obtained from ferric oxide reduction preferentially reacts with alumina in kaolinite to form hercynite, meanwhile the silica in kaolinite is transformed into quartz solid solution and/or cristobalite solid solution. With increasing roasting temperature, fayalite formed by reaction of surplus ferrous oxide with silica at low temperature is reduced to silica and metallic iron in the presence of sufficient carbon dosage. However, increasing roasting temperature and decreasing Fe₂O₃/Al₂O₃ molar ratio favor mullite formation. The complete conversion of kaolinte into free silica and hercynite can be obtained by roasting raw meal of kaolin, ferric oxide and coal powder with Fe₂O₃/Al₂O₃/C molar ratio of 1.2:2.0:1.2 at 1373 K for 60 min. This work may facilitate the development of a technique for comprehensively utilizing silica and alumina in aluminosilicates.     

Extraction of valuable metals from low nickel matte by calcified roasting−acid leaching process

A calcified roasting−acid leaching process was developed as a highly effective method for the extraction of valuable metals from low nickel matte in the presence of CaO additive. The influences of process parameters on the metal extraction were studied, including the roasting temperature, roasting time, addition of CaO, H₂SO₄ concentration and liquid−solid ratio. Under the optimum condition, 94.2% of Ni, 98.1% of Cu, 92.2% of Co and 89.3% of Fe were recovered. Additionally, 99.6% of Fe was removed from the leachate as goethite by a subsequent goethite iron precipitation process. The behavior and mechanism of CaO additive in the roasting process was clarified. The role of CaO is to prevent the formation of nonferrous metal ferrite phases by a preferential reaction with Fe₂O₃ during the roasting process. The metal oxides (CuO and Ni_xCu_1−xO) remained stable during high-temperature roasting and were subsequently efficiently leached using a sulfuric acid solution.     

护顶层保护下采场结构参数优化研究

为了实现护顶措施控制下采场的结构参数优化，采用大型有限元分析软件——ANSYS对康家湾矿深部典型采场顶板的稳定性进行数值模拟、分析，根据结果对当前采矿方案提出修正和调整建议，以便更清楚地掌握深部地压发展变化规律，有效进行地压管理，实现深部顶板不稳固矿体的安全开采。     

某含砷高硫难处理金矿固砷固硫提金试验

对某地含砷高硫难处理金矿 ,进行了固化焙烧——氰化浸出工艺流程的试验研究 ,获得了硫的固化率达 95 .5 5 % ,砷的固化率为 95 .4 9% ,金的浸出率为 93.18%的较好技术指标。为含砷高硫类型金矿资源的开发利用提供了较新的途径