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21.
These experiments explored the role of prior experience in 12- to 18-month-old infants' tool-directed actions. In Experiment 1, infants' use of a familiar tool (spoon) to accomplish a novel task (turning on lights inside a box) was examined. Infants tended to grasp the spoon by its handle even when doing so made solving the task impossible (the bowl did not fit through the hole in the box, but the handle did) and even though the experimenter demonstrated a bowl-grasp. In contrast, infants used a novel tool flexibly and grasped both sides equally often. In Experiment 2, infants received training using the novel tool for a particular function; 3 groups of infants were trained to use the tool differently. Later, infants' performance was facilitated on tasks that required infants to grasp the part of the tool they were trained to grasp. The results suggest that (a) infants' prior experiences with tools are important to understanding subsequent tool use, and (b) rather than learning about tool function (e.g., hammering), infants learn about which part of the tool is meant to be held, at least early in their exposure to a novel tool. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
22.
一种基于知识地图集的知识管理系统模型框架 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
在分析知识管理、知识管理系统(KMS)的含义和知识地图集技术的特点的基础上,提出了一种基于知识地图集的KMS模型框架,并且分析了该模型框架中知识地图集的组成及功能,讨论了KMS中知识地图集和知识存储之间的关系。依据该模型框架,组织易于构建知识管理系统,实现知识资源的共享与充分运用。最后,通过一个实例分析进一步说明了该模型框架的应用。 相似文献
23.
According to the knowledge partitioning framework, people sometimes master complex tasks by creating multiple independent parcels of partial knowledge. Research has shown that knowledge parcels may contain mutually contradictory information, and that each parcel may be used without regard to knowledge that is demonstrably present in other parcels. This article reports 4 experiments that investigated knowledge partitioning in categorization. When component boundaries of a complex categorization were identified by a context cue, a significant proportion of participants learned partial and independent categorization strategies that were chosen on the basis of context. For those participants, a strategy used in one context was unaffected by knowledge demonstrably present in other contexts, suggesting that knowledge partitioning in categorization can be complete. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
24.
Tibor Gyires 《Applied Intelligence》1991,1(2):145-155
Distributed Problem Solving Networks (DPSN) provide a means for interconnecting intelligent problem solver nodes that can solve only a part of a problem depending on their ability in the problem domain. The decomposition of a problem into subproblems, and the selection of nodes to solve them can be regarded as the generation of an AND/OR tree, and the solution of the problem as a search for a solution tree. Introducing measurements for the cost of a solution tree, we present an algorithm to find one having minimal cost under certain conditions. A Flexible Manufacturing System consisting of a network of flexible workcells is used as an example. 相似文献
25.
This study was motivated by some difficulties encountered by the authors when trying to express temporal knowledge using Sowa's conceptual graph (CG) approach. An overview of Sowa's approach is given and the difficulties encountered when trying to model temporal knowledge are outlined: the disparity of notations allowed by CG theory for expressing temporal information; the ambiguity and incompleteness of tense sspecification; the difficulty of harmonizing tenses and intergraph temporal relations. Various approaches suggested for representing time both in artificial intelligence and linguistics are presented, and an extension to Sowa's approach is proposed in which temporal and nontemporal knowledge are differentiated. In this model points in time are represented as well as time intervals. A semantic interpretation of verbs is provided based on an extension of Reichenbach's model of temporal markers. The authors show how their approach enables the representation of tenses as well as the aspectual properties of natural language sentences. 相似文献
26.
Counting Objects 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
27.
模糊Petri网及知识表示 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
蔡之华 《计算机应用与软件》1994,11(3):30-36
在建造专家系统中虽然有很多种知识表示方法,但都有不尽人意的地方,本文试图用一种新的方法-Petri网模型来表示知识。本文给出了Fuzzzy Petri网和广义Fuzzy Petri网两种模型,并给出了相应的推理算法,一旦专家知识用Petri网表示后,根据Petri网固有的特性,我们就能处理专家系统中并行推理、无回溯推理,反向推理等问题。 相似文献
28.
DIDS: rapidly prototyping configuration design systems 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Alan Balkany William P. Birmingham Bruce Maxim Jay T. Runkel Iris D. Tommelein 《Journal of Intelligent Manufacturing》1994,5(1):33-45
The domain independent design system (DIDS) provides a set of tools for rapidly constructing new configuration design systems from a library of reusable software elements called mechanisms. A DIDS user begins by creating a model of the problem domain and the task to be automated. This includes describing a library of parts from which new artifacts could be configured, optimization and preference criteria, and functionality constraints. DIDS analyzes this input and automatically builds an operational prototype system by selecting and combining mechanisms. DIDS' ability to automate this process is derived from its model of configuration design, which enables reusable mechanisms to be identified and automatically selected based on a problem's characteristics. The use of DIDS is illustrated by showing how DIDS solved an elevator-configuration problem. 相似文献
29.
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