拟动力实验中的数值积分方法

拟动力实验方法是目前最新的抗震实验方法，它克服了振动台实验中承载力不足、拟静力实验中无法真实模拟地震过程的缺点．本文详细论述了拟动力实验中的数值积分方法，其中包括：显式方法，隐式方法以及采用于结构技术时所需的特殊教值积分方法，并对这些方法的适用范围作了介绍．     

激光测风雷达二维扫描控制系统的实现

二维扫描系统使得激光出射方向和光学接收光轴同时精确指向设定方向,进而测量多方位的风速数据。介绍了激光测风雷达二维扫描控制系统组成,重点讨论了系统运用步进电机进行驱动的电路特点以及采取的可靠性技术措施,包括硬件措施和软件措施,分析了该系统的先进性、可靠性以及智能化特点。该控制系统已经成功地安装在中国科学院安徽光机所的激光测风雷达上,经过了一年半的实际运行,其控制精度、运行速度完全满足激光测风雷达的测量要求。     

The three-dimensional architecture of the mitotic spindle,analyzed by confocal fluorescence and electron microscopy

Fluorescence microscopy techniques have become important tools in mitosis research. The well-known disadvantages of fluorescence microscopy, rapid bleaching, phototoxicity and out-of-focus contributions blurring the in-focus image are obstacles which still need to be overcome. Confocal fluorescence microscopy has the potential to improve our capabilities of analyzing cells, because of its excellent depth-discrimination and image processing power. We have been using a confocal fluorescence microscope for the study of the mechanism of poleward chromosome movement, and report here (1) a cell preparation technique, which allows labeling of fixation sensitive spindle antigens with acceptable microtubule preservation; (2) the use of image processing methods to represent the spatial distribution of various labeled elements in pseudocolour; (3) a novel immunoelectron microscopic labeling method for microtubules, which allows the visualization of their distribution in semithin sections at low magnification; and (4) a first attempt to study microtubule dynamics with a confocal fluorescence microscope in living cells, microinjected with rhodamine labeled tubulin. Our experience indicates that confocal fluorescence microscopy provides real advantages for the study of spatial colocalization of antigens in the mitotic spindle. It does not, however, overcome the basic limits of resolution of the light microscope. Therefore, it has been necessary to use an electron microscopic method. Our preliminary results with living cells show that it is possible to visualize the entire microtubule network in stereo, but that the sensitivity of the instrument is still too low to perform dynamic time studies. It will be worthwhile to further develop this new type of optical instrumentation and explore its usefulness on both fixed and living cells.     

FODA — the formal specification of ODA document structures and its use as a basis for conformance testing

The Office Document Architecture (ODA) is an International Standard which is developed by TC 97/sc 18 of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in close collaboration with CCITT's Study Group VIII and with ECMA. This paper describes the current state of a formal specification of the ODA document structures by mathematical means and its use for conformance specification and conformance testing.     

Preparation and adsorption behavior of a cellulose‐based,mixed‐mode adsorbent with a benzylamine ligand for expanded bed applications

A novel mixed‐mode expanded bed adsorbent with anion‐exchange properties was explored with benzylamine as the functional ligand. The cellulose composite matrix, densified with stainless steel powder, was prepared with the method of water‐in‐oil suspension thermal regeneration. High activation levels of the cellulose matrix were obtained with allyl bromide because of the relative inertness of the allyl group under the conditions of the activation reaction. After the formation of the bromohydrin with N‐bromosuccinimide and coupling with benzylamine, the activated matrix was derived to function as a mixed‐mode adsorbent containing both hydrophobic and ionic groups. The protein adsorption capacity was investigated with bovine serum albumin as a model protein. The results indicated that the prepared adsorbent could bind bovine serum albumin with a high adsorption capacity, and it showed salt tolerance. Effective desorption was achieved by a pH adjustment across the isoelectric point of the protein. The interactions between the cell and adsorbent were studied, and the bioadhesion was shielded by the adjustment of the salt concentration above 0.1M. Stable fluidization in the expanded bed was obtained even in a 2% (dry weight) yeast suspension. The direct capture of target proteins from a biomass‐containing feedstock without extra dilution steps could be expected with the mixed‐mode adsorbent prepared in this work, and this would be especially appropriate for expanded bed adsorption applications. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008     

聚合物凝胶用Cr3+交联剂检测方法探讨

胜利油田交联聚合物驱、封堵大孔道中使用Cr3+交联的HPAM凝胶。探讨了Cr3+交联剂的检测方法。将4种商品HPAM和6种商品Cr3+交联剂在矿化度5727mg/L、钙镁含量108mg/L的胜利盐水中配制成24个HPAM/Cr3+成胶溶液,根据70℃下反应72h后在70℃测定的凝胶相对强度(要求在代码C以上),确定使用分子量1.11×107、水解度28.8%的一种HPAM,配液浓度为1300mg/L。推荐采用在70℃、振荡频率f=0.422s-1测定的复数粘度η 和储能模量G′表示凝胶的强度,给出了HPAM浓度不同、各Cr3+交联剂浓度为最低需要量的6种凝胶的η 和G′值;推荐取G′值达到0.1Pa的时间为成胶时间,由上述6种体系的G′ t曲线求出成胶时间在98～300min范围。提出其他应测定的性能包括:成胶溶液抗剪切性,凝胶热稳定性(抗热老化性),凝胶抗温性,凝胶抗盐性及岩心堵水率,对测定方法作了详略不等的讨论。特别指出,用于热老化实验的成胶溶液必须彻底除氧,否则粘时曲线的变化将无规律(给出了实例)。图7表7参3。     

Min-Max MPC based on a computationally efficient upper bound of the worst case cost

Min-Max MPC (MMMPC) controllers [P.J. Campo, M. Morari, Robust model predictive control, in: Proc. American Control Conference, June 10–12, 1987, pp. 1021–1026] suffer from a great computational burden which limits their applicability in the industry. Sometimes upper bounds of the worst possible case of a performance index have been used to reduce the computational burden. This paper proposes a computationally efficient MMMPC control strategy in which the worst case cost is approximated by an upper bound based on a diagonalization scheme. The upper bound can be computed with O(n³) operations and using only simple matrix operations. This implies that the algorithm can be coded easily even in non-mathematical oriented programming languages such as those found in industrial embedded control hardware. A simulation example is given in the paper.     

Impact of QOS requirements on video coding for ATM networks

The broadband integrated services digital networks (B-ISDN) based on asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) technology can support a wide range of applications such as voice, video, still images, and data. Compression techniques increase the effective bandwidth utilization, but the bursty and asynchronous nature of the traffic can still lead to congestion in the network, and degradation of image quality and quality of service (QOS). Some of the features to provide better coding schemes for ATM networks are layered coding, resynchronization, buffering, interleaved schemes, constrained bit rate due to buffers, encapsulation with the RTP or AAL1 for clock recovery, lapped transforms, motion compensation, and optimal bit allocation for coders based on wavelet transforms. We review various techniques forimage and video coding such as transforms, motion compensation, vector quantization, and subband coding. We outline the impact of the cell loss ratio (CLR), delay and cell delay variation (CDV) on video coding: blocking effects, loss of frame synchronization, motion vectors, and vector quantization codewords. The open problems include tuning coding parameters to the available QOS provided by the network.     

计算机辅助技术在水轮机调节中的应用

将计算机辅助系统中的ＣＡＡ、ＣＡＤ、ＣＡＭ及ＣＡＴ等技术移植到水轮机调节系统中，以求在水轮机调节系统中建立一套科学的工程设计方法