New technology, old issues: Demonstrating the relevance of the Canadian Code of Ethics for Psychologists to the ever-sharper cutting edge of technology.

New technology brings with it new opportunities for the practice of our profession. However, this technology is also a double-edged sword in that it can also cause problems for our profession and those we serve. The Canadian Code of Ethics for Psychologists (3rd edition) provides a foundation for approaching the issues that can arise in its use. It is argued that psychologists need not wait for specific rules and guidelines regarding the ethical use of new technologies; rather, psychologists can utilize the Canadian Code of Ethics for Psychologists immediately to address many of the issues involved. There is a wide range of areas in which ethical issues can arise. The focus in this paper is on three specific examples (online personal information accessibility, web-based advertising, and electronic data storage). These examples illustrate both the ethical issues involved and demonstrate the potential for how the Code can be used to think through and manage or resolve the issues. After a discussion of the three examples, the ongoing relevance of the Code to meeting the ethical challenges of continuously evolving technologies is discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved)     

Juror comprehension and public policy: Perceived problems and proposed solutions.

Laypersons, the media, and many legal scholars tend to attribute problems in the jury system to the dispositions of individual jurors and to recommend reforms in jury selection procedures and relaxation of the unanimity rule. Social scientists view problems as a consequence of the structure of the jurors' task and recommend reforms in trial procedures. After years of apathy, the legal system has proposed, and in some jurisdictions implemented, a variety of reforms, most of which are based on the social science perspective that the problem is not due to bad jurors but to unnecessary procedural obstacles to high-quality decision making. These reforms are described in the final section of the article. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Internet—现代企业参与国际市场竞争的有效途径

Ｉｎｔｅｒｎｅｔ在全球的飞速发展已成为本世纪末的热点问题之一，其发展势头之猛使现代企业所处的内外环境产生了深远的影响。本文从市场营销，企业管理等角度讨论了企业如何更好地认识和利用Ｉｎｔｅｒｎｅｔ参与国际市场竞争，并分析了我国企业利用Ｉｎｔｅｒｎｅｔ所存在的制约因素。     

创新招投标模式推进包钢降本增效深入开展

通过招投标制度而建立起来的规范、公平、透明的操作程序,有利于防止利用不正当手段进行竞争的不良行为,同时避免了暗箱操作而滋生的腐败现象。文章从包钢（集团）公司实行招投标制度过程取得的效果入手,提出了进一步完善招投标管理工作的思路。     

Views on contentious practices in dairy farming: The case of early cow-calf separation

The public has become increasingly interested in the welfare of food animals, but the food animal industries possess few mechanisms for public engagement. Here we present results from a web-based forum designed to allow stakeholders to share views on controversial issues in dairying. In response to the question “Should dairy calves be separated from the cow within the first few hours after birth?” participants were able to indicate “yes,” “no,” or “neutral” and either write a reason in support of their view or select reasons provided by other participants. Four independent groups of participants were recruited (a total of 163 people); 31% said they had no involvement in the dairy industry; the remaining 69% (with some involvement in the industry) were students or teachers (33%), animal advocates (13%), producers (11%), veterinarians (9%) and other dairy industry professionals (3%). Overall, little consensus existed among participants across groups; 44% chose “yes,” 48% “no,” and 9% “neutral.” Responses varied with demographics, with opposition to early separation higher among females, animal advocates, and those with no involvement with the dairy industry. A fifth group was recruited at a dairy industry conference (an additional 28 participants); 46% chose “yes,” 32% “no,” and 21% “neutral.” Across all 5 groups, opponents and supporters often referenced similar issues in the reasons they provided. Opponents of early separation contended that it is emotionally stressful for the calf and cow, it compromises calf and cow health, it is unnatural, and the industry can and should accommodate cow-calf pairs. In contrast, supporters of early separation reasoned that emotional distress is minimized by separating before bonds develop, that it promotes calf and cow health, and that the industry is limited in its ability to accommodate cow-calf pairs. These results illustrate the potential of web-based forums to identify areas of agreement and conflict among stakeholders, providing a basis for the development of practices that address shared concerns.     

Environmental impact of military base closure in the United States: a case study on the closing of Fort Sheridan,Illinois

In 1991, the Fort Sheridan Army Garrison was slated for closure and remediation. This would have a significant economic and environmental impact on the region, particularly the three surrounding communities. Once the base closed, there would be about 700 acres of what are considered some of Illinois' most valuable real estate available for future use. This study identified the hazards, such as soil and groundwater contaminated with toxic or hazardous fuels, that were found as a result of the military activity; it analyzes the process by which the conflicting regulatory authorities assessed the facility. Particular emphasis focuses on how the Army communicated the risks found at the base to the three surrounding communities.     

The place of social impacts in the iterative assessment process: a case study of a highway project in the US State of Georgia

Social impact assessments (SIAs) were conducted in accordance with the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) process along the US 441 corridor in Clinch and Atkinson Counties, Georgia. The SIA approach consisted of both quantitative and participatory (public involvement) components. Successes in using this approach included: aligning the roadway with access and optimal benefits for the adjacent communities; support for the project despite the change it will bring to the region; improved relationships with the community, which previously had little trust in government; and, most important of all, education of the design engineers about community impacts.     

AN OPINION FEATURE EXTRACTION APPROACH BASED ON A MULTIDIMENSIONAL SENTENCE ANALYSIS MODEL

With Web 2.0 applications being widely used, social networking services, including web blogs, forums, and other online communities, have become informative tools that help individuals to easily gauge the pulse of the electronic consuming market. As a substitute for traditional public media, the related site provides unique mechanisms to instantly reveal the degree of public product acceptance by either statistically aggregating the rating results or archiving opinions shared by experienced customers. However, the growth of user-generated information and its scattered unstructured contents is overwhelming to users, thereby triggering the demand for a more efficient system that can offer concise information. Most existing efforts dedicated to these issues may neglect vital aspects of the sentence-level context. This article aims to explore the critical features hidden in the sentential structure of opinion articles and expects that the detected patterns may contribute to the enhancement of related applications. Accordingly, a multidimensional sentence modeling algorithm (MSMA) is designed to evaluate various sentential characteristics and adopt a genetic algorithm to optimize the weighting scheme while determining feature importance. The study also makes use of the public knowledge resource Wikipedia as a global reference to fine-tune the feature set's effectiveness and enhance the overall performance of this framework. The results of experiments on an electronic product data set demonstrate that the proposed method is promising and provides significant improvement over previous studies.     

Developing prototypes for France’s mass housing programme, 1949–53

The results of two key competitions run by the French Ministry of Reconstruction and Urbanism in 1949 and 1950 have long been regarded as prototypes for les grands ensembles, the large mass housing developments of the 1950s and 1960s. Claudius‐Petit, the minister (1948–52) and a strong supporter of modern architecture, believed that industrialization would raise both the quality and the volume of housing construction. The competitions, one for 200 dwellings at Villeneuve‐Saint‐Georges and the other for 800 in Strasbourg, were judged large enough to attract the interest of contractors working in the public works sector and capable of developing industrialized building techniques. In each competition the winning project, though able to satisfy the technical demands of the competition, won because of its architectural qualities, while the second place project addressed the issues of production more comprehensively. However, the subsequent development of mass housing in France has caused the legacy of the competitions to be identified with the mainstream emphasis on production and economy, bitterly attacked from the late 1950s onwards. This has overshadowed that combination of architectural and technical values, central to Claudius‐Petit’s vision for post‐war housing, which was embodied in the two winning projects.     

以有偿公益地面电视推动农村数字电视发展

分析认为,中国现行的数字电视发展战略实质上是城市数字有线电视优先战略.尽管国家广电部门对发展农村数字电视作出了很大努力,但当前的实际情况不尽如人意.分析了农村数字电视发展缓慢的问题实质,提出一种创新的发展思路,即推动以地面数字电视为主体的有偿公益运营模式,以加速农村的数字电视发展.