改进化盐工艺降低酸碱消耗

介绍了采取不同配水工艺后酸碱消耗的比较情况，提出选择碱性配水化盐工艺可以降低酸碱消耗的建议。     

Hedgerow species and environmental conditions effects on soil total C and N and C and N mineralization patterns of soils amended with their prunings

An important criterium in selecting species for alley cropping is themineralization pattern of their prunings. This study determined effects of 5years of hedgerow pruning applications on soil organic C and total N at threelocations in Haiti and mineralization patterns from soil amended with theprunings during an incubation using micro-lysimeters. Soils (0–5cm) under 5 hedgerows were collected at each site and analyzed fororganic C and total N. In the laboratory, ground leaves and stems (<1cm diameter) of the hedgerow species were mixed with soil at ratesof 3 and 1.5 Mg ha^–1, respectively, andaerobically incubated in the dark at 25 °C. A non-amended soilwas used as control. Soils were leached to determine mineral N at 1, 3, 7, 14,28, 42, 84 and 120 days of incubation. Evolved CO₂ was measuredfollowing each leaching procedure. At the calcareous site, application ofprunings from Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) De Wit andDelonix regia (Boj. ex Hook. Raf.) resulted in 23 and 13%higher soil N than the control, respectively, after 5 years. There were nodifferences in total N at the other sites but soil N was highest underLeucaena hybrid and Acaciaangustissima (Mill.) Kuntze, respectively at the basaltic and highelevation sites. Soils under D. regia (calcareous) andA. angustissima and Leucaena hybrid(high elevation) had higher organic C than the respective controls. Carbon andNmineralization and C turnover were highest when soils were amended with leavesof Leucaena diversifolia (Schlecht.) Benth (calcareous andbasaltic soils) and A. angustissima (high elevation) andlowest in non-amended control soils. Stem-amended soils showed differences in Cmineralization for calcareous and high elevation soils whereas N mineralizationwas similar among treatments within sites. Carbon and N mineralization (highelevation soil) correlated positively with N concentrations of leaf prunings.Amendments with leaf prunings increased soil C and N mineralization andturnoverrates, suggesting greater nutrient availability for the crop during a shortperiod than in non-amended control soils.     

骨料颗粒与多孔材料显微结构关系的研究

本文阐述了多孔材料的孔隙率与生产工艺的关系 ,结合显微结构分析了骨料粒径及其分布对多孔材料的孔隙率、抗折强度的影响。     

MoO3/TiO2纳米复合催化剂的合成及催化脱氢性能

采用溶胶-凝胶法合成MoO3/TiO2、K2O-MoO3/TiO2、V2O5-MoO3/TiO2、Al2O3-MoO3/TiO2、K2O-V2O5-MoO3/TiO2系列纳米催化剂。借助TEM、XRD、IR等技术对催化剂进行了表征，并利用环己烷催化氧化脱氢成环己烯的反应进行活性测试。结果表明，MoO3在载体TiO2呈单层和多层分布，单层分布时发生了Mo与O—Ti的键合作用，同时使TiO2表面水分子发生解离反应，活化时脱去—OH产生Mo6+和Mo—O-活性中心;多层分布时以Mo[FY=，1]O、Mo—O-活性物种为主。脱氢中心和供氧中心之间存在协同作用，K、Al、V均能影响其协同作用。     

Effect of different oxygen species originating from the dissociation of O2, N2O and NO on the selectivity of the Pt-catalysed NH3 oxidation

An effect of oxygen species formed from O₂, N₂O and NO on the selectivity of the catalytic oxidation of ammonia was studied over a polycrystalline Pt catalyst using the temporal analysis of products (TAP) reactor. The transient experiments were performed in the temperature range between 773 and 1073 K in a sequential pulse mode with a time interval of 0.2 s between the pulses of the oxidant (O₂, N₂O and NO) and NH₃. In contrast to adsorbed oxygen species formed from NO, those from O₂ and N₂O reacted with ammonia yielding NO. It is suggested that the difference between these oxidising agents may be related to the different active sites for dissociation of O₂, N₂O and NO, where oxygen species of various Pt-O strength are formed. Weaker bound oxygen species, which are active for NO formation, originate from O₂ and N₂O rather than from NO. These species may be of bi-atomic nature.     

降低PVC装置备件成本措施的探讨

介绍了锦化化工集团氯碱股份有限公司8万t/a PVC装置在生产过程中,分别从严格把关入厂备件质量、控制备件损耗、备件利旧、进口备件国产化和建立备件档案网络5个措施入手,加强备件管理,降低了备件成本。     

A mutational analysis of receptor binding sites of interleukin-1{beta}:differences in binding of human interleukin-1{beta} muteins to human and mouse receptors

The 3-D crystal structure of interleukin-1ß(IL-1ß)has been used to define its receptor binding surface by mutationalanalysis. The surface of IL-1ß was probed by site-directedmutagenesis. A total of 27 different IL-1ß muteinswere constructed, purified and analyzed. Receptor binding measurementson mouse and human cell lines were performed to identify receptoraffinities. IL-1ß muteins with modified receptor affinitywere evaluated for structural integrity by CD spectroscopy orX-ray crystallography. Changes in six surface loops, as wellas in the C- and N-termini, yielded muteins with lower bindingaffinities. Two muteins with intact binding affinities showed10- to 100-fold reduced biological activity. The surface regioninvolved in receptor binding constitutes a discontinuous areaof 1000 Å2 formed by discontinuous polypeptide chain stretches.Based on these results, a subdivision into two distinct localareas is proposed. Differences in receptor binding affinitiesfor human and mouse receptors have been observed for some muteins,but not for wild-type IL-1ß. This is the first timea difference in binding affinity of IL-1ß muteinsto human and mouse receptors has been demonstrated     

Chemistry of mandibular and Dufour's gland secretions of ants in genusMyrmecocystus

Males of several species ofMyrmecocystus produce mandibular gland secretions that contain 2,4-dimethyl-2-hexenoic acid and a variety of monoterpenes that include neral, geranial, citronellol, limonene, and 2,6-dimethyl-5-hepten-1-ol. Other components identified include methyl anthranilate, octanal, octanol, octyl octanoate, and 2-hexyl-2-decenal. Methyl salicylate has been identified as a mandibular gland constituent of workers of several species in addition to mellein and monoterpenes such as cymene, limonene, and the isomers of citral. The Dufour's gland secretions of workers and females of 14 species contain typical formicine alkanes (e.g., undecane), 2-alkanols (e.g., 2-tridecanol), and 2-alkanones (e.g., 2-tridecanone). Two species in the subgenusEremnocystus produce secretions that are distinguished by the presence of significant quantities of tridecyl esters. The functions of these compounds as well as their possible chemosystematic significance in the genusMyrmecocystus are discussed.     

Mechanistic peculiarities of the N2O reduction by CH4 over Fe-silicalite

Transient isotopic studies in the temporal analysis of products (TAP) reactor evidenced the importance of the lifetime of oxygen species generated upon N₂O decomposition on extraframework iron sites of Fe-silicalite for methane oxidation at 723 K. Fe-silicalite effectively activates CH₄ when N₂O and CH₄ are pulsed together in the reactor. However, these oxygen species gradually become inactive for methane oxidation as the time delay between the N₂O and CH₄ pulses is increased from 0 to 2 s.     

重庆合川地区吴家坪期海水进退与腕足动物多样性

在分析重庆合川吴家坪期地层的沉积环境和腕足动物化石地层分布的基础上,运用海水进退沉积旋回和物种多样性综合指数相结合的定性定量分析方法,对本区吴家坪期腕足类物种多样性演变规律进行了综合研究.结果表明:本区吴家坪期腕足类物种辐射起步于吴家坪初期,共出现了4次高潮期和4次低潮期.在整个吴家坪期,物种辐射的高峰主要出现在前期,而物种辐射低潮则主要出现在后期,总体呈现出物种多样性不断下降的趋势;在正常的海进海退层序中,海进序列中的腕足类物种多样性要明显高于海退序列.但在快速短暂的海水进退的变化环境下,则海退序列腕足类物种多样性要高于海进序列,反映海水深度和环境的稳定性是物种多样性高低的重要影响因素.